DYNAMICS OF SENSITIVITY OF AMBIENT SENSITIVITY IN KARAGANDA REGION 2018-2020

В работе приведены результаты анализа локального микробного пейзажа и чувствительности возбудителей инфекций кожи и мягких тканей за период 2018-2020 гг. в стационарах Карагандинской области.

Traceological Study of Stone Tools in the Settlement of Saka Time Abilay, Central Kazakhstan

According to modern data, about 60 small settlements have been discovered on the territory of Central Kazakhstan, dating back to the time of the Tasmola culture (VIII–V centuries BC). Since 2016, annual excavations have been carried out at the Abylai settlement, which is located in the Karaganda region. In the excavation area, in addition to fragments of pottery and animal bones, over 480 stone tools were found. In the fall of 2020, for the first time, traceological studies of stone tools were carried out, the results of which are reflected in this article. Of the 150 copies, 139 were identified as functions. Of these, 130 tools were used in various industries. According to quantitative data, tools for cultivating the land are in first place – 57.3%, followed by tools for processing vegetation (24.5%), leatherworking (10.2%), for straightening metal products (whetstones, 8%). It is planned to continue the ongoing research on stone tools.

Study of ontogenesis of Scabiosa ochroleuca L. in the conditions of the Central Kazakhstan

The article presents the results of the Scabiosa ochroleuca ontogenesis study under the conditions of the nature of the Central Kazakhstan. The study of this species is due to the need to use it as a source of biologically active substances and to determine the potential of introduction. 4 periods (latent, virginal, generative and senile) and 7 age states (resting seeds, seedlings, juvenile, immature, adult vegetative, generative and senile) are revealed. Morphological features of each period and state, degree of development of above-ground and underground organs, alternation of vegetation phases are determined. The duration of the ontogenesis cycle of Scabiosa ochroleuca in nature was 2 years, of which in the 1st year the plants took place in 150–176 days with coverage of the conditions of seedlings, juvenile and immature plants. For the 2nd year, the life cycle covered 137–151 days, during which periods of adult vegetative, generative and senile plants pass. Potential of introduction of Scabiosa ochroleuca in Karaganda region is determined.

Screening of Antimicrobial and Adhesive Activity of Lactobacilli Isolated from the National Food Products from Different Districts of the Karaganda Region (Kazakhstan)

BACKGROUND: It is a national priority to look for new probiotic bacteria with highly active biological properties to create a new generation of probiotics, ferments, therapeutic, and prophylactic fermented milk products, taking into account ethnocultural and regional characteristics. AIM: The aim of the study is to assess probiotic properties of strains of lactobacilli (antimicrobial and adhesive), which are isolated from national lactic acid products from different districts of the Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were modern microbiological methods applied during the experiment. To determine the morpho-cultural properties, the following methods were used: Gram staining, a catalase test, serial dilutions. The Matrix Supported Laser Desorption/Ionization Flight Time Mass Spectrometry was used for identification, and the deferred-antagonism method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity. The buccal epithelial cells were used for the cell object as a test system to determine the adhesive activity. RESULTS: In this experiment, 26 lactobacillus isolates were isolated from 68 samples of national lactic acid products produced in a traditional homemade way in different districts of the Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). As a result of the studies carried out on the cultural and morphological characteristics and identification by the mass spectrometer, the following lactobacilli were obtained: Lactobacillus acidophilus (two strains), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricum (two strains), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (seven strains), Lactobacillus plantarum (two strains), Lactobacillus paracasei (11 strains), and Lactobacillus fermentum (two strains). Twenty-six isolates of lactobacilli were tested for antimicrobial activity, 13 isolates of which showed an inhibitory effect, but the degree of antagonism varied among lactobacillus isolates. In general, the inhibitory activity of lactobacillus isolates was shown against the Gram-negative indicator microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium NCTC 12023, Escherichia coli NCTC 12923. The antibacterial activity was shown against the Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12973 indicator microorganism in nine isolates of lactobacilli. Only six isolates of lactobacilli showed antifungal activity against the test strain of Candida albicans NCPF 3179. Out of 13 isolates of lactobacilli, nine isolates of medium and high activity competed for binding to buccal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: The obtained isolates from traditional dairy products are considered to be promising candidates and competitive isolates with some probiotic potential. This study calls for further researches to be made in this area.

SURVEILLANCE OF DISABILITY DUE TO OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN KARAGANDA REGION BETWEEN 2016 AND 2020

The paper presents the results of statistical studies of disability due to occupational diseases in the Karaganda region between 2016 and 2020. The analysis of disability due to occupational diseases was conducted using the automated information system called "Centralized Database of Persons with Disabilities" (CDPD). The structure of primary disability by the severity of groups, age and sex, the place of work of the affected workers has been studied.

На пути к общественному развитию. Информационные технологии и ресурсы в высшем образовании

The evolution of social relations at the present stage requires teachers to work in the field of higher education to develop skills in using information resources and digital technologies. The intensity of communication in the information sphere determines the effectiveness of not only the learning process at the university, but also to a large extent, the secondary socialization of young people. The article deals with the problem of using information resources and digital technologies by teachers of Kazakh universities (on the example of the Karaganda region). The article is based on the data of a sociological survey (questionnaire survey) conducted at the universities of the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of information technologies and resources in the process of studying at universities and to develop practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of training. According to the results of the study, it has been found out that the development of the information and communication sphere in universities is influenced by "objective" and "subjective" factors. The first ones are connected with shortcomings in the technical support of the educational process, the second ones– with some teachers’ lack of awareness of the modern Internet resources in their professional field. The identified problems can be overcome with the help of measures aimed at increasing teachers' awareness of available information resources, increasing the speed of the Internet connection and general technical equipment of universities

Experimental assessment of the influence of dust from cities of the Karaganda region on the indicators of lipid peroxidation in bronchoalveolar lavage

The article discusses the changes in the cell after the experiment in the bronchoalveolar lavage. According to the results of the examination of rats with dust dusting of industrial cities of the Karaganda region (Karaganda, Temirtau, Balkhash, Zhezkazgan), methods of cytological analysis were used. Cytochemical methods were used for early detection of functional changes in the body's nonspecific defense against environmental factors. Experimental studies of the impact of urban dust in Karaganda, Temirtau, Balkhash and Zhezkazgan indicate the development of a general toxic effect in rats, manifested by changes in the cells of bronchoalveolar lavage, and a violation of the integrity of the cells was established.

Composition of chemical elements in the biosubstrate (hair) of children of the Karaganda region

In the article we studied chemical elements in the hair of children as a form of environmental monitoring of metals in a given area, since one of the objective indicators of the ecological and hygienic well-being of a territory is the status of trace elements as the most sensitive part of the population, especially children. Many foreign scientific studies have shown that a hair sample is a good indicator of a negative technogenic impact on humans, and it is known that the unfavorable state of children characterizes the ecogeochemical features of the area, so we took into account the accumulation of trace elements in the hair. The study showed an increase in lead and cadmium and a decrease in zinc, copper and chromium.