Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-485 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Stabilization Policy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Adequate Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of

The tenth annual economic review of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) appeared in February 1959 under the title Policies for Sound Economic Growth. Its major conclusions were as follows: 1) policy must generally be focused on the stimulation of an adequate rate of economic growth; 2) the measures adopted must not lead to a rate of growth of demand which might give rise to inflation and balance-of-payments disequilibrium, and which could not therefore be sustained; 3) in view of the large increase in productive capacity in recent years, there was scope for a greater emphasis on increasing consumption; 4) there was need for a stimulus to revive international trade, if possible through a more economic pattern of trade and use of investment resources; 5) member countries should act in concert and coordinate their national policies; 6) the countries in a stronger economic position had the major responsibility for ensuring a renewal of growth, although those still subject to inflationary pressures must continue to apply restraining measures; 7) special consideration must be given to the difficulties of those countries and regions in Europe which were in the course of development and relied heavily on agricultural exports; 8) there must be a stabilization policy appropriate to a phase of renewed expansion; 9) excessive over-all demand should be avoided, as well as cost inflation; and 10) improvements in short-term economic indicators needed to be promoted.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-603
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
European Economic ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Chemical Products

Annual Report: The fourth annual report of the Managing Board of the European Payments Union covered the period July 1, 1953 to June 30, 1954. The financial year 1953–1954, the report noted, was marked by a general improvement in the balance of payments of member countries with the Union, an overall trend which had been apparent in the previous financial year. However, during 1952–1953 there had been a reduction of the largest extreme positions i n EPU, whereas during 1953–1954 there had been considerable increase in some of these positions. The restoration of internal economic stability, which had begun in a number of member countries in 1952–1953, was continued during 1953–1954; during the earlier period, the improvement had been accompanied by a relative stagnation in industrial production, but during the period 1953–1954 the increase of industrial production was fairly marked, especially i n chemical products and textiles, in agriculture and in building.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-331
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Total Output ◽  
General Level ◽  
Economic Expansion ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Expansion Characteristic ◽  
Economic Balance

The seventh annual report of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), subtided “Economic Expansion and its Problems”, was made public February 1956. During 1955, the report stated, the economic expansion characteristic of 1953 and 1954 had continued; production had reached record heights, and it appeared that the gain in total output for 1955 had exceeded the rise of five percent recorded for 1953 and 1954. Higher production had allowed a fuller realization of the basic objectives of the policies of the member governments: high levels of employment had been reached, investment needed for economic growth had increased, and consumers had enjoyed a substantially larger amount of goods and services. However, according to the report a danger to the prosperity had arisen during 1955; the threat consisted in the possibility that an excessive growth of demand might turn the expansion into a boom, that a boom would entail price and production distortions as well as balance of payments difficulties, and that such inflationary excesses would disrupt the course of economic progress. In the view of the report, it was not yet clear that the threat to economic balance had been removed by dampening measures taken by governments. There were many signs indicating the strain that demand was putting on productive resources: production was pressing on capacity in most industries, with tight market situations developing, the demand for labor had taken up all the slack in unemployment, sensitive price indicators had moved up considerably, and in some countries, there had been significant increases in the general level of prices to consumers, while home demand had advanced somewhat more rapidly than production, leading to a reduction of the current balance of payments surplus or to a deficit.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-284
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The Third ◽  
External Demand ◽  
European Production

Annual Report: The fifth annual report of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, which was released in January 1954, stressed three developments:) the elimination of inflationary trends of recent years;) the improvement of west Europe's balance of payments, both over-all and with the dollar area; and) the continued failure of western European production to expand at a satisfactory rate. After a brief look at the causes and consequences of the first two of these developments, the report turned its attention to the third and concluded that, unless specific proposals were implemented and if world conditions remained generally the same, European production as a whole would increase only slightly, and Europe's exchange reserves were likely to increase. Several factors which led to these conclusions were:) internal demand was not likely to expand without more expansionary policies by governments;) since export earnings of primary producers were not likely to increase, external demand for European production was similarly not likely to increase; and) United States over-all current surplus, exclusive of all military transactions, would be offset by a new military expenditure abroad of $2.5 billion in 1953 and $2.1 billion in the first half of 1954.

Organization for European Economic Cooperation

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-568
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Payments System ◽  
European Trade

The Council of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, composed of cabinet members of the governments of the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Greece, Norway, Portugal, Belgium and the Netherlands, held a series of secret meetings during May and June in an attempt to solve the problem of intra-European trade and the intra-European payments system which was scheduled to end June 30, 1949. The principal objections to the existing payments system were that it was originally formed in a series of bilateral agreements between each of the countries, that the original agreements were based on estimates of the expected balance of payments which had in some cases been erroneous, and that existing quotas had stifled trade.

Is money the creation of the state or the market? (On the “modern monetary theory” as described in the textbook by W. Mitchell, L. R. Wray and M. Watts “Macroeconomics”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
S. A. Andryushin
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Monetary Theory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulation Of

In 2019, a textbook “Macroeconomics” was published in London, on the pages of which the authors presented a new monetary doctrine — Modern Monetary Theory, MMT, — an unorthodox concept based on the postulates of Post-Keynesianism, New Institutionalism, and the theory of Marxism. The attitude to this scientific concept in the scientific community is ambiguous. A smaller part of scientists actively support this doctrine, which is directly related to state monetary and fiscal stimulation of full employment, public debt servicing and economic growth. Others, the majority of economists, on the contrary, strongly criticize MMT, arguing that the new theory hides simple left-wing populism, designed for a temporary and short-term effect. This article considers the origins and the main provisions of MMT, its discussions with the mainstream, criticism of the basic tenets of MMT, and also assesses possible prospects for the development of MMT in the medium term.

The Quality of Kazakhstan’s Economic Policy and Balance of Payments

2008 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
K. Arystanbekov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Macroeconomic Efficiency

Kazakhstan’s economic policy in 1996-2007, its character and the degree of responsibility, the correlation between economic development and balance of current accounts are considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the analysis of their macroeconomic efficiency. It is concluded that in conditions of high rates of economic growth in Kazahkstan in 2000-2007 the net profits of foreign investors are 10-11% of GDP every year. The tendency of negative balance of current accounts in favor of foreign investors is also analyzed.

EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Wägar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Translational Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.

Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of Possible Effects on Nigeria’s Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 20475-20182
Author(s):  
Ige Ayokunle O ◽  
Akingbesote A.O
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
International Economic Cooperation ◽  
R Project ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road initiative is an important attempt by China to sustain its economic growth, by exploring new forms of international economic cooperation with new partners. Even though the B&R project is not the first attempt at international cooperation, it is considered as the best as it is open in nature and does not exclude interested countries. This review raised and answered three questions of how the B&R project will affect Nigeria’s economy?  How will it affect the relationship between Nigeria and China? What could go wrong?, The review concluded that Nigeria can only benefit positively from the project.

ANJAK PIUTANG (FACTORING) SEBAGAI BENTUK AKAD MUAMALAH MODERN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Amanah Aida Quran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Business World ◽  
Social Demand

Abstract In business world, people always want to expedite the production of goods, so as to increase profits and accelerate capital turnover, which in turn will promote economic growth. The increase of social demand for consumer goods causes many companies prepare funds, taken from fund provider called factoring. Financial or fund provider is a business institution that deals with financing in the form of purchasing and taking over and handling short term receivables. This paper discusses the concept of factoring in the perspective of the economic Islamic law using hiwalah theory approach. In addition, this article  explain the different concept of sharia and conventional factoring. Keywords: Factoring, Hiwalah, Islamic Economics.

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