Western European Union

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-365 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Clearing House ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Western European ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The Assembly of Western European Union (WEU) held the second part of its fifth ordinary session in Paris from November 30 to December 3, 1959. The President of the Assembly Mr. Victoria Badini- Confalonieri (Italian Liberal), opened the first sitting with a tribute to the late John Edwards, following with an examination of the history and functions of WEU in the light of proposed changes of the organization's functions. He stated that the European Economic Community (EEC) of the Six and the Union of the Seven were complementary, rather than incompatible, as WEU's Council of Ministers could become a ”clearing house” for relations between the Six and the United Kingdom, the only member of WEU that was not a member of EEC. He expressed the hope that at the next meeting of the Council of Ministers the question of the new political role of WEU would be the chief matter considered. Mr. Giuseppe Pella, Italian Foreign Minister, speaking as Chairman-in-Office of the WEU Council, stated that the Council of Ministers attached great importance to coll-laboration with the Assembly; noting that relations between the Council and the Assembly had improved since the creation of the organization, he went onto list areas that the Council had considered or was considering which concerned both organs, namely: 1) measures which would allow the Assembly a more direct share in the adoption of its budget; 2) the area of armament production; 3) the search for permanent offices for WEU; and 4) the question of transferring WEU's exercise of social and cultural activities to the Council of Europe. Regarding the latter, he stated that, in agreeing to the transfer, the Council wished merely to reduce duplication and not to detract from the Union's independence. Finally, he stressed that consultation among the Six should lead to political consultation with the United Kingdom in the WEU context, rather than ruling it out.

Central Treaty Organization

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-847
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The fourteenth session of the Council of Ministers of die Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) was held in Ankara, Turkey, on April 20–21, 1966, under the chairmanship of Ihsan Sabri Caglayangil, the Foreign Minister of Turkey. Others attending the session were Abbas Aram, Foreign Minister of Iran; Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Foreign Minister of Pakistan; Michael Stewart, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the United Kingdom; and Dean Rusk, Secretary of State of the United States. The session had been preceded by a meeting of the CENTO Military Committee held in Tehran, Iran, on April 5–6.

Organization For European Economic Cooperation

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-528
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
New Members ◽  
European Economic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Consultative Group

Council of OEECOn April 4, 1950, the Council of OEEC held its annual election. Dr. Dirk U. Stikker, Foreign Minister of the Netherlands and political conciliator of OEEC, was elected chairman of the Council, thus combining the functions of those two OEEC offices. Representatives of Austria and Switzerland were elected as vicechairmen of the Council, while new members of the executive committee of OEEC were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and the United Kingdom; the United Kingdom retained the presidency of this committee and France the vice-presidency and Turkey replaced Switzerland as rapporteur géndral. The Council also decided to do away with the consultative group of eleven which had proved to be unwieldy and to eliminate the practice by which the chairman and vice-chairmen had been expected to spend two days of every week in Paris. It was decided that: 1) the full Council should meet at the ministerial level on the first Friday of every second month; 2) whenever circumstances demanded, the executive committee could be convened at the ministerial level, with the participation of the chairman of the Council and possibly at his call; 3) the chairman was empowered to ask the vice-chairmen to meet with him in Paris at any time to review progress or to discuss action. In response to a request from the Council of Europe, the Council of OEEC appointed a subcommittee of three members to meet with a similar subcommittee from the Council of Europe to discuss closer cooperation. Sweden and Italy were named to the OEEC subcommittee with a third member to be announced later.

Western European Union

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-662 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
European Security ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Western European

The Assembly of the Western European Union (WEU) held the second part of its seventh ordinary session in Paris on December 11–15, 1961, under the presidency of Mr. Arthur Conte (French Socialist). In addition to discussing the state of European security, the Assembly debated questions concerning Berlin and the agricultural problems involved in the accession of the United Kingdom to the European Economic Community (EEC). The debate on agriculture was concerned with the implementation of recommendation 53, adopted in November 1960, in which the Assembly had called for negotiations for the accession of the United Kingdom to the EEC as a full member. Mr. Sicco Mansholt, vice-chairman of the EEC Commission, stated that if the United Kingdom entered the EEC, her agriculture would not have to overcome any exceptional difficulties which would justify a longer transition period than that of the six original members. He stated that this conclusion had been reached after a detailed comparison of relative prices and outputs in the United Kingdom and the six members of EEC. The Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution, presented by Mr. Hubert Leynen (Belgian Social Christian), calling upon the seven member governments of WEU to spare no effort to insure the success of the Brussels negotiations.

scholarly journals European identity of Scotland in the context of Brexit

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-177
Author(s):  
Mikhail Grabevnik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Identity ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Factor

The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union focused the issue of cleavage of British statehood by European criteria. According to the results of sociological surveys and polls, the distribution of preferences of Brexit is correlated with the national identification matrix. Most Scots and Irish of United Kingdom support remaining the membership in the European Union, while the most English defend soft or hard Brexit. However, the depth of such cleavage underlines the uncertainty in the preferences of citizens who identify as British in general. In the context of the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, the question of the European identity of Scots was also underlines by Scotland's regional political actors. This article is aimed to the analysis of the dynamics of the European identity of the Scottish community in 2016–2020 under Brexit conditions. The author concludes that the share of Scots with European identities increased after 2016, and Brexit was a key factor in the dynamics. At the same time, the actualization of European identity among the Scottish community is connected with the pragmatic strategy of the Scottish community and regional political actors to neutralize the negative economic and social effects of Brexit and plays an instrumental role in the national and European political arenas. The article starts with an excursion to the issues of national identity in the modern United Kingdom in the studies of Western and Russian authors. Then, based on an analysis of sociological data, the question of the European identity of Scots was raised, as well as the role of the national identity of United Kingdom citizens in the issue of membership in the European Union. At the end of the article, author proposes the description of the position and strategy of the Scottish community on the issue of Brexit.

scholarly journals BREXIT AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE CRISIS OF LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Populist Movements

The publication is devoted to the analysis of the UK exit from the European Union as a manifestation of the systemic crisis of the liberal democracy model. The causes and difficulties of this process are analyzed under the conditions of the failure of the political system to make political decisions. The problematic issues of liberal ideology and the model of liberal democracy were examined. The differences in the ideological convictions of the two founders of liberalism – Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, as well as the role of these differences in the modern functioning of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom. The role of globalization processes in the world in the context of the development and functioning of liberal democracy is analyzed. Some features of the course of globalization processes in the world are highlighted. The features of the existence of the European Union as an international supranational organization in the context of its influence on the functioning and stability of the political system of the United Kingdom are examined. The features of the functioning of the model of liberal democracy under conditions of strengthening the international way of making political, economic and legal decisions are emphasized. Particular attention is paid to the political motives of organizing of start of the process of the UK’s exit from the European Union, as well as the consequences of such a decision. In addition, the role of populist movements in this process, that have Euro-skeptical positions, has been established. The features of the functioning of populist movements are highlighted. The essence of the crisis of the model of liberal democracy in the United Kingdom is determined. The author analyzes the risks of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union in the context of a peace settlement of the conflict in Northern Ireland as one of the indicators of the crisis of the liberal political system. In conclusion is performed analysis of some results of the referendum on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

scholarly journals The Drafters’ Dance: The Complexity of Drafting Legislation and the Limitations of ‘Plain Language’ and ‘Good Law’ Initiatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-158
Author(s):  
Thomas E Webb ◽  
Robert Geyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
The United Kingdom

Abstract Can we provide legislative drafters with tools to simplify and clarify legislation, and make it more accessible? In the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, and European Union, through strategies such as the ‘Plain Language’ and ‘Good Law’ (PL/GL) initiatives, it is claimed that the answer is ‘yes’. Though many of the normative intentions underlying such initiatives are commendable, we argue that the pursuit of legislative and legal simplicity, clarity, and accessibility ignores the distinctly ‘complicated’ and ‘complex’ role of legislation and legislative drafters. This leads to a range of contradictory and paradoxical outcomes that undermine these goals. Following a review of the role of legislative drafters and PL/GL initiatives, we use a complexity tool, the Stacey Diagram, to demonstrate and visualize the inherent tensions in the PL/GL position. We show how legislative drafters negotiate their complex environment in a much more subtle, human way than is commonly recognized in PL/GL discourse.

European Coal and Steel Community

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-316
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Administrative Expenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Council Of Ministers

Common AssemblyThe second ordinary session of the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) opened in Strasbourg on May II, 1954; Mr. de Gasperi (Italy) was unanimously elected president. Mr. Monnet, President of the ECSC High Authority, reported that the “first steps in the creation of Europe” had obtained for the member countries a renewal of credit, more favorable financial conditions, and a more productive use of their resources than they could have achieved separately. Before concluding the session on May 21, the Common Assembly adopted a resolution which dealt with the report of the High Authority, the report on administrative expenses of the Community for 1952–1953, and the provisional budget for 1954–1955. The resolution 1) approved the expressed intention of the High Authority to limit administrative expenses and its decision to draft a statute for officials of the Community; 2) stressed the open character of ECSC, expressed gratification at the development of its relations with the Council of Europe, called for speedy conclusion of the negotiations with the United Kingdom, and expressed a desire for relations with other European countries, especially Austria; 3) urged that greater attention be given to the question of cartels and maximum prices, which in some cases needed to be lowered; 4) invited the High Authority to pursue, in cooperation with governments, efforts to introduce standard international freight through-rates, and to harmonize conditions of transport; 5) congratulated the High Authority on its work to free the movement of manpower, and hoped for the development of comparable conditions of remuneration and of social security norms throughout the Community; 6) approved the allocation of a large part of the first investments financed by the Community to new construction of workers' housing; and 7) requested the High Authority to seek, through the Council of Ministers, adoption of a coordinated policy of economic expansion and development of outlets, with the objective of a reduction in the cost price of coal and steel.

Western European Union

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-577
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
The State ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Not Given ◽  
The West ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Western European ◽  
German Contribution

The second part of the second ordinary session of the Assembly of the Western European Union (WEU) was held in Strasbourg from October 11 to 13, 1956, under the chairmanship of Mr. J. S. Maclay (United Kingdom). Following examination of a report presented by its General Affairs Committee, the Assembly adopted three recommendations to the WEU Council, concerning, respectively, cultural matters, WEU's activities in the Saar, and social questions. On October 12, the Assembly discussed the state of European defense, on the basis of a report presented by Mr. J. J. Fens (Netherlands, Popular Catholic). Following its debate, the Assembly adopted two further recommendations. The first called upon the Council to take an immediate decision concerning the nature of the reorganization of western defensive forces, and to give a clear lead to public opinion in the matter; it continued that it must be accepted that substantial conventional forces be retained in order to meet all eventualities, and that the west German contribution to European defense should be made effective as soon as possible. In the second recommendation, the Assembly expressed its belief that it could not hold an informed debate unless, with due regard to the requirements of security, all the documentation necessary was made available, and recommended that the Council urgently review its interpretation of the Brussels Treaty as regarded WEU's function in that field. The latter resolution, according to press reports, followed a debate marked by a sense of frustration, with nearly all the speakers complaining that the Council had not given the Assembly's defense committee sufficient information on which to base recommendations. A majority of the continental deputies were reported to favor the Council's becoming responsible to the Assembly, rather than to member governments, for its decisions, but they were reported to realize that the United Kingdom parliament would never accept the consequent limitation of sovereignty. However, in the meantime, the feeling was reported to be that governments could still do much to strengthen WEU.

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