Effects of fluid drilling germinating onion seeds on seedling emergence and subsequent plant growth

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Germinated Seeds ◽  
Fluid Drilling

SummaryThe seedling emergence from fluid-drilled germinating and natural onion seeds was compared at five sowing dates between 10 February and 18 May on irrigated and unirrigated plots in two experiments. In the second experiment fluid-drilled seeds selected for uniform germination were also included. There were few significant differences between the emergence of seedlings from germinating and natural seeds in the field sowings of Expt 1. However, a reduction in mean emergence time at the earliest sowing led to an increase in bulb weight while a reduction in the spread of emergence at sowing 3 led to a reduced coefficient of variation of bulb diameter at harvest. Under the less variable conditions on the irrigated plots of Expt 2 germinating seeds reduced mean emergence time and increased percentage emergence compared with natural seed at some sowings. Fluid-drilled selected germinated seeds, however, reduced mean emergence time and increased percentage emergence at every sowing and reduced the spread of emergence at all but the first sowing compared with natural seed.Low soil moisture content made seedling emergence more unpredictable and reduced the benefits gained by sowing germinated seeds. The results presented suggest that techniques to increase the proportion of germinated seeds at the point of sowing and economical methods of applying water during periods of low soil moisture following sowing are needed if the full benefits of fluid drilling are to be realized.

Improvement of carrot crop establishment by combining seed treatments with increased seed-bed moisture availability

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage ◽  
W. G. Pill
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Fluid Drilling

SUMMARYIn studies of carrots sown on three dates at Wellesbourne in 1986, mean time to seedling emergence and spread of times to seedling emergence of untreated and fluid-drilled seeds increased as seed-bed moisture at sowing decreased. These differences were not observed with irrigation before sowing.Osmotic priming increased the percentage of seeds with emerged radicles at the time of fluid drilling from 17% in the untreated control to 56%. Irrespective of seed-bed moisture, time to emergence was shorter from primed germinating seeds than from germinating seeds, both treatments giving earlier seedling emergence than untreated seeds. Seedling shoot weight was greater from treated than from untreated seeds.Seed-bed characteristics on unirrigated plots had no effect on seedling emergence when soil moisture was adequate but, where soil moisture was limiting, rolling the seed bed to increase capillarity resulted in 79% emergence compared with the 67% average from seed beds that were not rolled. Application of a soil conditioner to stabilize the seed-bed surface structure generally improved emergence when rain fell soon after sowing. The results suggested that a combination of seed-bed and seed treatments can significantly improve the predictability of crop establishment of carrots on different dates.

Effects of soil moisture and temperature on seedling emergence from natural and pre-germinated onion seeds

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Finch-Savage
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Germinated Seeds

SummaryThe emergence of seedlings from natural, germinating and selected uniformlygerminated onion seeds was compared in a range of changing patterns of soil moisture. The timing, spread and amount of seedling emergence from seeds in all three treatments were affected by the timing of water availability in the seed bed and these effects differed between treatments.The rate of seedling emergence in all three treatments under non-limiting soil moisture conditions was correlated with mean temperature, but this relationship was obscured in irrigation treatments where water stress occurred. However, if the seed bed was moist at sowing irrespective of subsequent moisture stress the reciprocals of the time to the start, time to 50% and time to the end of seedling emergence from uniformly germinated seeds were correlated with mean temperature (r > 0·87, D.F. 27).The results show that if the seed bed is irrigated prior to sowing and soil moisture is maintained during the first 3 days following sowing high levels of seedling emergence with both predictable timing and uniformity can be achieved by sowing uniformlygerminated seeds. Seedling emergence from natural and germinating seeds was much less predictable.

The influence of seed pre-treatments and soil conditions on the emergence of sesame seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Day
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment

Poor and uneven emergence of seedlings decreases the efficiency of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed production. In a glasshouse study, seedling emergence was reduced by low soil moisture content (less than 20%, w/v) and by waterlogging (common in soils with small soil particles). Watering events that failed to raise soil moisture content above 20% caused most seeds to germinate (more than than 80%), but only some of these seeds emerged from the soil (less than 50%). Gibberellic acid pre-treatment of seeds (50 or 1000 mg/L) failed to improve emergence of seeds from soils with an initial soil moisture content less than 20%. This result supports previous reports suggesting that gibberellic acid treatment does not influence seedling emergence, and may only be useful to overcome seed dormancy in those sesame varieties where dormancy is a problem. For maximum emergence it is recommended that sesame seeds be sown in non-waterlogged soils and that soil moisture content be maintained above 20% for a number of days after sowing.

scholarly journals Irrigation Levels Affect Plant Growth and Fruit Yield of Drip-Irrigated Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 748B-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Diaz-Perez* ◽  
Darbie Granberry ◽  
Kenneth Seebold ◽  
David Giddings ◽  
Denne Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Stage Of Development

Bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants have a high demand for water and nutrients and are sensitive to water stress during the establishment period and fruit setting. High levels of irrigation are often applied in order to maximize yields. However, field observations suggest that excessive irrigations may negatively affect bell pepper plants. The objective was to evaluate the effects of irrigation rate on plant growth and fruit yield. The trial was conducted in Spring 2003 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga. Drip-irrigated bell pepper (`Stiletto') plants were grown on black plastic mulch in 1-m wide beds (1.8-m centers). Plants were irrigated with an amount of water that ranged from 33% to 167% the rate of evapotranspiration (ET), adjusted by crop stage of development. Soil moisture content (% by volume) over the season was continuously monitored with time domain reflectometry sensors connected to a datalogger. The results showed that the average soil moisture content for the season increased with increasing rates of irrigation. Vegetative top fresh wt. and marketable fruit yield were reduced at both, low (33% ET) and high (166% ET) rates of water application. However, irrigation rate had a stronger effect on fruit yield than on top fresh wt. Plants supplied with high irrigation rates appeared to be more chlorotic compared to plants irrigated at medium rates (100% ET). There was a tendency for higher incidences of soil borne diseases (Pythium sp., Phytophtora capsici) in plants receiving higher rates of irrigation. The conclusion is high irrigation rates (>166% ET) are not recommended since they waste water and may result in both, higher incidences of soil-borne diseases and reduced bell pepper yields.

The influence of sowing depth and seed press wheel weighting on seedling emergence of crisp lettuce

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
Jane R. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Variable Weight ◽  
Different Depths

SummaryThe effects on emergence and growth of crisp lettuce seedlings as a result of sowing seeds at different depths and pressing them into the furrow bottom with a weighted seed press wheel were examined in three similar experiments in 1982, 1983 and 1984. Sowing depth had a considerable effect on percentage seedling emergence and the spread of emergence times but the pattern of response varied from year to year and appeared to be related to differences in soil moisture content. The most uniform emergence and the highest level of emergence were achieved by sowing shallowly (< 10 mm) with rainfall almost immediately after sowing then keeping the soil moisture content close to field capacity for 2 days. When rainfall or irrigation were delayed, drilling 15–20 mm deep gave more consistent results. Effects on seedling weight and variability of weight were associated with the time and uniformity of seedling emergence. Later emerging seedlings were lighter and a wide spread of emergence times gave seedlings of variable weight. There was virtually no effect on emergence of using additional weights on a seed press wheel.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING TREATMENT AND SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE EMERGENCE OF LETTUCE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. CHEVRIER ◽  
K. A. STEWART
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Fluid Drilling

Lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L. ’Boston Dark Green’) were sown by fluid drill and as dry seed into soils at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% field capacity (FC). Fluid drilling reduced the time to initial emergence and 50% emergence at soil moisture levels between 50% and 100% FC. At 25% FC, neither seeding method performed well with fluid drilled seed being entrapped inside the carrier gel after it had dehydrated. After 2 wk, no significant difference in final percent emergence was noted between seeding treatments at any soil moisture level. In a second experiment, fluid drilled lettuce seeds emerged earlier and reached 50% emergence sooner than dry seed, germinated seed sown without gel and dry-seed in gel at 40%, 50% and 75% FC. Gel-seeded treatments were not significantly affected by soil moisture whereas the emergence of seeding treatments without gel application was markedly improved as soil moisture content increased. After 2 wk, the percent emergence of dry seeded lettuce at 40% FC was significantly lower than the other seeding treatments. No differences were noted among treatments at 50% FC whereas at 75% FC, the emergence of dry seed in gel was significantly reduced.Key words: Lettuce, fluid drilling

Effects of Tillage Practices on Top Layer Soil Moisture Content and Soil Porosity in Banana Plantation

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3540-3543
Author(s):  
Ying Dui He ◽  
Xi Ding ◽  
Rui Mei Li ◽  
Yong Xia Liu ◽  
Bi Zun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Banana Plantation

Soil moisture content and soil porosity were measured in banana plantation under three tillage practices, including deep-tillage (DT), no-tillage (NT), and no-tillage plus straw cover (NTSC). In the experiments, the top layer soil was separated into three depth including 0~15 cm, 15~30 cm and 30 ~ 45 cm. The soil sampling were performed at four plant growth periods, including the stage of banana seedling (SBS), metaphase of banana (MB), the stage of pregnancy (SP) and pumping stage (PS). The results showed that: Among three depth of top layers, soil moisture content in 0~15 cm at four plant growth periods was lower than that in other two depth by three tillage practices. In 0~15 cm top layer soil, all the soil moisture at four plant periods by NTSC practice were highest. And all the soil moisture in soil treated by three tillage practices were increased with the plant growth. The soil porosity in this layer at SBS and MB stages by DT practice was significantly higher than that by NT and NTSC practices. In 15~30 cm layer soil, the soil moisture content and soil porosity at SBS stage was highest in the soil treated by DT practice compared to the that in soil treated by other two tillage practices. In 30~45 cm layer, the soil porosity at SBS stage by DT and NTSC practices were significantly lower than that by NT practice. At MB stage by DT practice it was significantly higher than that by other practices.

scholarly journals Forest canopy gaps offer a window into the future The case of subtropical coastal forests within an urban matrix in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. e003
Author(s):  
Astika Bhugeloo ◽  
Syd Ramdhani ◽  
Kabir Peerbhay ◽  
Olivier Kambol Kambaj ◽  
Sershen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
Primary Forests

Aim of the study: Alien and indigenous species emergence patterns within canopy gaps in urban subtropical forests are poorly understood. This study compared canopy gap floristics in relation to abiotic and physical characteristics across three subtropical urban forests differing in disturbance history.Area of study: Three Northern Coastal Forests of varying disturbance histories found in coastal subtropical urban KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa (SA).Materials and methods: Closed canopy ( n = 15 quadrats per forest ) and four gaps from three size classes (‘small’ < 25 m2, ‘medium’ 25 - 45 m2; ‘large’ > 45 m2) were surveyed for each forest using classical vegetation sampling techniques. Soil moisture content and air temperature were measured within each gap.Main results: Cumulatively all forests hosted 198 species. Species richness was highest in the primary highly disturbed forest followed by the primary least disturbed forest and lowest in the transitional highly disturbed forest. Alien taxa cover within gaps was correlated with higher indigenous seedling emergence in the primary forests. Species richness was positively correlated with gap size and soil moisture content, and negatively correlated with air temperature.Research highlights: Gap floristic patterns are influenced by size, abiotic factors, disturbance and forest successional status. Alien taxa may facilitate indigenous seedling emergence within gaps in primary forests. Floristic, abiotic and physical characteristics of canopy gaps should be monitored within urban forests as they can influence gap infilling regarding species composition and rate. This can inform management strategies including species reintroduction and enrichment planting.

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