Some effects of planting density and variety on the relationship between tuber size and tuber dry-matter percentage in potatoes

SummaryThree experiments are reported which investigated the effects of planting density and variety on the relationship between tuber dry-matter percentage and tuber size. In the first experiment dry-matter determinations were made on samples of tubers less than 3·8 cm and greater than 3·8 cm from different planting densities obtained at eight fortnightly harvests. Standard analysis of variance was used for each harvest date and apart from Maris Piper giving consistently higher dry-matter percentages than Pentland Crown for the same tuber sizes, effects were small and difficult to interpret. The reasons for the problems in interpretation, which were mainly due to differences in tuber size distribution, are discussed.In the second and third experiments the effects of tuber-size distribution were removed by regression analyses of tuber dry-matter percentage on tuber size in definable grades and curves were fitted to the data. These curves revealed that tuber dry-matter percentage tends to show a quadratic response to increasing tuber size and is affected by variety and stem density. The significance of these results is discussed.

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Effects of defoliation and time of harvest on tuber dry-matter percentage of Pentland Crown Potatoes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600069872 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 723-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. J. Wilcockson

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Mechanical Method ◽

Tuber Dry Matter ◽

The Relationship ◽

Time Of Harvest ◽

Main Factor

Two experiments are reported which investigated the effects of time and method of crop defoliation and of extending the interval between defoliation and harvest on the relationship between dry-matter percentage and tuber size in Pentland Crown potatoes.Differences in average tuber dry-matter content between seasons and treatments were large, but the relationship between tuber dry-matter percentage and tuber size was always negatively quadratic. The dry-matter content of tubers of all sizes invariably decreased after defoliation, by about 0·6 % on average for each week that harvest was delayed in 1983 and 0·3 % in 1984. The largest decrease was from 22·7 to 16·7 % over the 10-week period following mechanical defoliation in mid-August 1983. In 1984, chemical defoliation in mid-August gave a smaller decrease than the mechanical method (0·25 and 0·38%/week) but their effects were similar when carried out in mid-September. Water uptake was the main factor responsible for the decrease because evidence showed that fresh weights of tubers increased proportionally following defoliation whilst dry weights remained virtually constant.Natural senescence was late in both seasons experiments so that the crops foliage was still mostly alive when defoliation occurred, even in September and early October. Thus, the relatively large effects of late defoliation may have been greater than might be expected where haulm senescence is already well advanced by this time and water uptake has almost ceased. Nevertheless, the decline in dry-matter percentage which may occur between defoliation and harvest can be extremely important where potatoes for processing are concerned. It could make them unacceptable for particular outlets and should be considered when defoliation and harvesting programmes are planned.

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Seed-piece Spacing Influences Yield, Size Distribution, Net Returns, and Stem and Tuber Density of Three Processing Potato Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.536a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 536a-536

Author(s):

Stephen L. Love ◽

Asunta Thompson-Johns

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Seed Piece ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Russet Burbank ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Stem Density ◽

Economic Consideration ◽

Ranger Russet ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Net Returns

Seed-piece spacing is an important economic consideration in the production of potatoes and optimum varies by cultivar and intended market. A study was designed to determine the influence of seed-piece spacing on yield, tuber size distribution, net returns and stem and tuber density of three processing potato cultivars. Seed tubers of cvs. Russet Burbank, Frontier Russet and Ranger Russet were planted 8, 15, 23, 31, 46, 61, 76, or 91 cm apart at two locations in 1988 and 1989. Total, marketable (U.S. No. 1), and mid-size (226–452 g tubers) yield, yield of five incremental size categories, net profits from a typical processing contract, and stem and tuber density (number per m of row) were determined. All three cultivars achieved highest total yields at the narrowest (8 cm) spacing. Marketable and mid-size yield were optimized between 15 and 31 cm depending on the cultivar. The size distribution of tubers shifted from a predominance of small tubers at the narrow spacing treatments to a predominance of large tubers at the wide spacing treatments. The rate of shift across spacing treatments was cultivar dependent. Russet Burbank showed a bimodal response to spacing for net returns with optimums at the 23- and 46-cm spacing treatments. Frontier Russet and Ranger Russet showed optimums at 23 cm. All three cultivars gave maximum mid-size yields at a stem density of 10.5–12.1 per m of row and a tuber density of 23.9–24.9 per m of row.

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Seed Piece Spacing Influences Yield, Tuber Size Distribution, Stem and Tuber Density, and Net Returns of Three Processing Potato Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.4.629 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 629-633 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Stephen L. Love ◽

Asunta Thompson-Johns

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Seed Piece ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Russet Burbank ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Stem Density ◽

Ranger Russet ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Net Returns ◽

Optimum Spacing

Seed piece spacing is an important economic consideration in the production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The optimum spacing varies with cultivar and intended market. A study was designed to determine the influence of seed piece spacing on yield, tuber size distribution, net returns, and stem and tuber density of three processing potato cultivars. Seed tubers of cultivars Russet Burbank, Frontier Russet, and Ranger Russet were planted 8, 15, 23, 31, 46, 61, 76, or 91 cm apart at two locations in 1988 and 1989. Total, marketable (U.S. No. 1), and midsize (226–452 g tubers) yield, tuber size distribution, net profits from a representative processing contract, and stem and tuber density (number per meters of row) were determined. All three cultivars achieved highest total yields at the narrowest (8 cm) spacing. Maximum marketable and midsize (226–452 g) yield occurred between 15 and 31 cm, depending on the cultivar. Size distribution shifted from a predominance of small tubers at narrow spacings to a predominance of large tubers at wide spacings, and the rate of shift was cultivar-dependent. `Russet Burbank' showed a broad range of optimal spacing for net returns, with a maximum in the range of 23 to 46 cm. Optima for `Frontier Russet' and `Ranger Russet' were between 15 and 46 cm. Of the four tuber measurements, midsize yield appeared to be best for determining optimum spacing. Marketable yield was also a useful measurement. All three cultivars gave maximum midsize yields at a stem density of 10.5 to 12.1 per meter of row and a tuber density of 23.9 to 24.9 per meter of row. Tuber density showed some promise as a predictor of optimum seed piece spacing for new cultivars.

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Relationship between Visual Injury from Synthetic Auxin and Glyphosate Herbicides and Snap Bean and Potato Yield

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-14-00033.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 671-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jed B. Colquhoun ◽

Daniel J. Heider ◽

Richard A. Rittmeyer

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Total Yield ◽

Application Rate ◽

Potato Yield ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Target Movement ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

The Relationship

Agronomic crops with resistance to the herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D are currently in the regulatory approval process. The potential increased use of these herbicides has raised concern among vegetable producers about potential off-target movement and implications to crop yield. The overall goal of this research was to describe the relationship between visually estimated crop injury and snap bean and potato yield and quality. In snap bean in 2011, injury from dicamba 7 d after treatment (DAT) ranged from 19% at the 1.2 g ae ha−1application rate to 45% at the 7.0 g ae ha−1application rate. By 28 DAT in 2011, injury from 2,4-D was similar to the nontreated control. However, early-season injury in 2011 delayed snap bean flowering and reduced crop yield compared to the nontreated control for all treatments except where the 1.4 g ae ha−1rate of 2,4-D and glyphosate at 7.0 g ae ha−1were applied. Snap bean injury from dicamba was greater than that from 2,4-D at all rating timings in 2011 and two of three rating timings in 2012, and crop yield was reduced compared to where 2,4-D was applied and the nontreated control in both years. Potato tuber size distribution was variable and total yield did not differ among treatments and the nontreated control in 2011. In 2012, tuber size distribution was again variable, but more nonmarketable cull potatoes were harvested when dicamba was applied to 25-cm potato plants at the 7.0 g ae ha−1rate compared to any other treatment. Snap bean injury observations about 3 wk prior to harvest were strongly correlated with crop yield (r= −0.84 and −0.88 in 2011 and 2012, respectively), allowing time to make informed harvest decisions relative to crop quality. In contrast, the relationship between potato injury and tuber yield was poor and highly variable in both years.

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Comparison of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber size distribution fitting methods and evaluation of the relationship between soil properties and estimated distribution parameters

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000952 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

J. K. Mhango ◽

W. Hartley ◽

W. E. Harris ◽

J. M. Monaghan

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Tuber Number ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Relative Likelihood ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Accurate estimation of tuber size distribution (TSD) parameters in discretely categorized potato (Solanum tuberosum L) yield samples is desirable for estimating modal tuber sizes, which is fundamental to yield prediction. In the current work, systematic yield digs were conducted on five commercial fields (N = 119) to compare the Weibull, Gamma and Gaussian distribution functions for relative-likelihood-based goodness-of-fit to the observed discrete distributions. Parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for the three distributions but were also derived using the percentiles approach for the Weibull distribution to compare accuracy against the MLE approaches. The relationship between TSD and soil nutrient variability was examined using the best-fitting model's parameters. The percentiles approach had lower overall relative likelihood than the MLE approaches across five locations, but had consistently lower Root Mean Square Error in the marketable tuber size range. Negative relationships were observed between the percentile-based shape parameter and the concentrations of Phosphorus and Nitrogen, with significant (non-zero-overlapping 95% confidence interval) regression coefficients for P (−0.74 ± 0.33 for distribution of proportional tuber numbers and −1.3 ± 0.62 for tuber weights). Stem density was negatively associated with the scale and mode of tuber number (regression coefficients −0.98 ± 0.63 and −1.08 ± 0.78 respectively) and tuber weight (regression coefficients −0.99 ± 0.78 and −1.04 ± 0.69 respectively) distributions. Phosphorus is negatively related to the scale of the tuber-number-based distribution while positively associating with the tuber weight distribution. The results suggest that excess P application was associated with the increase in small tubers that did not contribute significant weight to the final yield.

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Foliar‐Applied Daminozide Effect on the Yield and Tuber Size Distribution of Potato

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200010020x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 88-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. B. Sanderson ◽

R. P. White ◽

H. W. Platt ◽

J. A. Ivany

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Tuber Size Distribution

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Effects of nitrogen application and seedpiece spacing on yield and tuber size distribution in eight potato cultivars

American Journal of Potato Research ◽

10.1007/bf02875695 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 301-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Walter J. Arsenault ◽

Debby A. LeBlanc ◽

George C. C. Tai ◽

Peter Boswall

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Tuber Size Distribution

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Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600071525 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. C. E. Wurr ◽

J. R. Fellows ◽

E. J. Allen

Keyword(s):

Complex Analysis ◽

Seed Tuber ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Planting Density ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Stem Density ◽

Seed Tubers ◽

Net Returns ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

The Cost

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

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The effects of the growth-regulating compounds methyl decanoate and 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid on potato tuber size

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600054708 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 251-255

Author(s):

D. C. E. Wurr

Keyword(s):

Potato Tuber ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Total Yield ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Tuber Initiation ◽

Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Methyl Decanoate

SummaryApplication of methyl decanoate to a potato crop about the time of tuber initiation reduced the total yield and the yield of tubers in the grade 2·5–5·5 cm though neither of these reductions were significant. However, application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid increased the yield of tubers 2·5–5·5 cm by up to 20% while having no significant effect on total tuber yield. This change in the tuber size distribution was due to a more even partition of photosynthate between tubers and not to an increase in the total number of tubers.

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