Relationship between Visual Injury from Synthetic Auxin and Glyphosate Herbicides and Snap Bean and Potato Yield

Agronomic crops with resistance to the herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D are currently in the regulatory approval process. The potential increased use of these herbicides has raised concern among vegetable producers about potential off-target movement and implications to crop yield. The overall goal of this research was to describe the relationship between visually estimated crop injury and snap bean and potato yield and quality. In snap bean in 2011, injury from dicamba 7 d after treatment (DAT) ranged from 19% at the 1.2 g ae ha−1application rate to 45% at the 7.0 g ae ha−1application rate. By 28 DAT in 2011, injury from 2,4-D was similar to the nontreated control. However, early-season injury in 2011 delayed snap bean flowering and reduced crop yield compared to the nontreated control for all treatments except where the 1.4 g ae ha−1rate of 2,4-D and glyphosate at 7.0 g ae ha−1were applied. Snap bean injury from dicamba was greater than that from 2,4-D at all rating timings in 2011 and two of three rating timings in 2012, and crop yield was reduced compared to where 2,4-D was applied and the nontreated control in both years. Potato tuber size distribution was variable and total yield did not differ among treatments and the nontreated control in 2011. In 2012, tuber size distribution was again variable, but more nonmarketable cull potatoes were harvested when dicamba was applied to 25-cm potato plants at the 7.0 g ae ha−1rate compared to any other treatment. Snap bean injury observations about 3 wk prior to harvest were strongly correlated with crop yield (r= −0.84 and −0.88 in 2011 and 2012, respectively), allowing time to make informed harvest decisions relative to crop quality. In contrast, the relationship between potato injury and tuber yield was poor and highly variable in both years.

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The effects of the growth-regulating compounds methyl decanoate and 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid on potato tuber size

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600054708 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 251-255

Author(s):

D. C. E. Wurr

Keyword(s):

Potato Tuber ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Total Yield ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Tuber Initiation ◽

Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Methyl Decanoate

SummaryApplication of methyl decanoate to a potato crop about the time of tuber initiation reduced the total yield and the yield of tubers in the grade 2·5–5·5 cm though neither of these reductions were significant. However, application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid increased the yield of tubers 2·5–5·5 cm by up to 20% while having no significant effect on total tuber yield. This change in the tuber size distribution was due to a more even partition of photosynthate between tubers and not to an increase in the total number of tubers.

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Some effects of planting density and variety on the relationship between tuber size and tuber dry-matter percentage in potatoes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600059165 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. C. E. Wurr ◽

E. J. Allen

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Planting Density ◽

Stem Density ◽

Standard Analysis ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Tuber Dry Matter ◽

Quadratic Response ◽

The Relationship

SummaryThree experiments are reported which investigated the effects of planting density and variety on the relationship between tuber dry-matter percentage and tuber size. In the first experiment dry-matter determinations were made on samples of tubers less than 3·8 cm and greater than 3·8 cm from different planting densities obtained at eight fortnightly harvests. Standard analysis of variance was used for each harvest date and apart from Maris Piper giving consistently higher dry-matter percentages than Pentland Crown for the same tuber sizes, effects were small and difficult to interpret. The reasons for the problems in interpretation, which were mainly due to differences in tuber size distribution, are discussed.In the second and third experiments the effects of tuber-size distribution were removed by regression analyses of tuber dry-matter percentage on tuber size in definable grades and curves were fitted to the data. These curves revealed that tuber dry-matter percentage tends to show a quadratic response to increasing tuber size and is affected by variety and stem density. The significance of these results is discussed.

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Influence of irrigation, nitrogen and seed piece spacing on yields and tuber size distribution of seed potatoes

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p96-087 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Doug Waterer

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Seed Piece ◽

Total Yield ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Russet Burbank ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Total N ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Seed Spacing ◽

Yield Responses

This study examined the influence of irrigation, soil nitrogen (N) levels and seed piece spacing on the yields and tuber size distribution of Norland, Russet Burbank and Shepody potatoes over three seasons at two sites in central Saskatchewan. The crops were grown under standard irrigated conditions or on dryland with in-row spacings of 15, 23 or 30 cm and total N levels of 200 or 300 kg ha−1 as either preplant or split applications. Irrigation greatly enhanced yields of all tuber size categories in the drier years but had less effect if seasonal precipitation reached or exceeded normal levels. Smaller size tubers formed a greater proportion of the total yield in crops exposed to drought stress. Norland was less affected by drought than the later-maturing cultivars. Yield responses to N were limited to situations where soil moisture was abundant or crop demand for nutrients was increased by close in-row spacings. Close in-row spacing increased total yields in some cases, while in others it resulted in a reduction in tuber size with little effect on overall yields. Yields for the cultivar Norland were less affected by seed piece spacing than yields for Russet Burbank or Shepody. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, drop seed, spacing, fertility

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Evaluation of the Effect of Density on Potato Yield and Tuber Size Distribution

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0026 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 2462-2472 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Alvin J. Bussan ◽

Paul D. Mitchell ◽

Michael E. Copas ◽

Michael J. Drilias

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Potato Yield ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Tuber Size Distribution

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Effect of pre-planting temperature and light treatments of seed tubers on potato yield and tuber size distribution

Potato Research ◽

10.1007/bf02358132 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. J. Haverkort ◽

M. Van De Waart ◽

K. B. A. Bodlaender

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Potato Yield ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Seed Tubers

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Genetic mapping of tuber size distribution and marketable tuber yield under drought stress in potatoes

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-019-2508-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 215 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ernest B. Aliche ◽

Marian Oortwijn ◽

Tom P. J. M. Theeuwen ◽

Christian W. B. Bachem ◽

Herman J. van Eck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Total Yield ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Tuber Number ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Marketable Tuber ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

Drought Effects

Abstract Drought sensitivity of potato leads to a reduction in total tuber yield and marketable yield. An investigation of drought effects on tuber yield attributes will facilitate our understanding of how to reduce such huge yield losses. We have evaluated tuber yield, tuber size distribution and marketable yield of a set of 103 European commercial potato cultivars under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in the field. The multi-year results from two locations, Connantre, France (2013–2015) and Nieuw-Namen in Zeeland, The Netherlands (2013–2014), were analysed. We used Normal and Gamma Distribution models to describe the tuber size distribution of tuber fresh weight and tuber number, respectively. The interactions among parameters of tuber size distribution and total/marketable tuber yield traits were analysed using correlation matrices and biplots. Finally, we used a 14K Infinium SNP marker array to find associations between the parameters or traits and genetic loci on the potato genome. Late foliage maturity facilitated a wider spread of tuber size distribution in favour of larger-sized tubers. Drought effects on total yield were representative of their impact on marketable yield, however, absolute values of total tuber number may not be indicative of marketable number of tubers. We found significant marker-trait associations between a region on chromosome 3 and the spread of tuber number distribution, size class with maximum tuber number and marketable fractions of tuber number and tuber weight. These findings will contribute to improvement and selection for drought tolerance in potato.

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Comparison of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber size distribution fitting methods and evaluation of the relationship between soil properties and estimated distribution parameters

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859621000952 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

J. K. Mhango ◽

W. Hartley ◽

W. E. Harris ◽

J. M. Monaghan

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Tuber Number ◽

Tuber Weight ◽

Relative Likelihood ◽

Tuber Size Distribution ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Accurate estimation of tuber size distribution (TSD) parameters in discretely categorized potato (Solanum tuberosum L) yield samples is desirable for estimating modal tuber sizes, which is fundamental to yield prediction. In the current work, systematic yield digs were conducted on five commercial fields (N = 119) to compare the Weibull, Gamma and Gaussian distribution functions for relative-likelihood-based goodness-of-fit to the observed discrete distributions. Parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for the three distributions but were also derived using the percentiles approach for the Weibull distribution to compare accuracy against the MLE approaches. The relationship between TSD and soil nutrient variability was examined using the best-fitting model's parameters. The percentiles approach had lower overall relative likelihood than the MLE approaches across five locations, but had consistently lower Root Mean Square Error in the marketable tuber size range. Negative relationships were observed between the percentile-based shape parameter and the concentrations of Phosphorus and Nitrogen, with significant (non-zero-overlapping 95% confidence interval) regression coefficients for P (−0.74 ± 0.33 for distribution of proportional tuber numbers and −1.3 ± 0.62 for tuber weights). Stem density was negatively associated with the scale and mode of tuber number (regression coefficients −0.98 ± 0.63 and −1.08 ± 0.78 respectively) and tuber weight (regression coefficients −0.99 ± 0.78 and −1.04 ± 0.69 respectively) distributions. Phosphorus is negatively related to the scale of the tuber-number-based distribution while positively associating with the tuber weight distribution. The results suggest that excess P application was associated with the increase in small tubers that did not contribute significant weight to the final yield.

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