The response of swede varieties and their hybrids to soil pH

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Denton ◽  
W. J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Inheritance Patterns ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Marked Resistance

SUMMARYFour swede varieties and their six F1 hybrids were grown for 2 years in plots varying in pH from 4·2 to 8·4. Yields were highest at intermediate pH's and the average yield of the hybrids was greater than that of the parents. The plants on the low pH plots (4·2, 4·6, 4·7) were less infected with mildew than those at high pH (6·7, 7·7, 8·4). There was no marked resistance to mildew amongst the varieties. The response by the parents and hybrids was assessed by regression analysis and showed that the variety Reform was most reactive and Harvester most stable. Stability patterns appeared to be inherited. Inheritance patterns for yield and number of leaves were determined. It was concluded that selection for better swedes should be carried out in environments other than those to which the crop is currently restricted.

scholarly journals The pH-based ecological coherence of active canonical methanotrophs in paddy soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Yuanfeng Cai ◽  
Zhongjun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
Rice Paddy Soils

Abstract. Soil pH is considered one of the main determinants of the assembly of globally distributed microorganisms that catalyze the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, direct evidence for niche specialization of microorganisms in association with soil pH is still lacking. Using methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) as a model system of C cycling, we show that pH is potentially the key driving force selecting for canonical γ (type I) and α (type II) methanotrophs in rice paddy soils. DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was combined with high-throughput sequencing to reveal the taxonomic identities of active methanotrophs in physiochemically contrasting soils from six different paddy fields across China. Following microcosm incubation amended with 13CH4, methane was primarily consumed by Methylocystis-affiliated type II methanotrophs in soils with a relatively low pH (5.44–6.10), whereas Methylobacter- or Methylosarcina-affiliated type I methanotrophs dominated methane consumption in soils with a high pH (7.02–8.02). Consumption of 13CH4 contributed 0.203 % to 1.25 % of soil organic C, but no significant difference was observed between high-pH and low-pH soils. The fertilization of ammonium nitrate resulted in no significant changes in the compositions of 13C-labeled methanotrophs in the soils, although significant inhibition of methane oxidation activity was consistently observed in low-pH soils. Mantel analysis further validated that soil pH, rather than other parameters tested, had significant correlation to the variation in active methanotrophic compositions across different rice paddy soils. These results suggest that soil pH might have played a pivotal role in mediating the niche differentiation of ecologically important aerobic methanotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems and imply the importance of such niche specialization in regulating methane emissions in paddy fields following increasingly intensified input of anthropogenic N fertilizers.

scholarly journals Effect of iron oxide on nitrification in two agricultural soils with different pH

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueru Huang ◽  
Xia Zhu-Barker ◽  
William R. Horwath ◽  
Sarwee J. Faeflen ◽  
Hongyan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
High Ph ◽  
N Transformation ◽  
Transformation Rates

Abstract. Iron (Fe) affects soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes both in anoxic and oxic environments. The role of Fe on soil N transformations such as mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification depends on its redox activity, which can be regulated by soil pH. We hypothesized that the effect of Fe oxide on N transformation processes would be different in soils as a function of pH. This study aimed to investigate N mineralization-immobilization, especially nitrification, as affected by Fe oxide in soils with different pH. A set of lab incubations under 100 % water holding capacity were carried out to investigate the effect of Fe oxide on N transformation rates in two subtropical agricultural soils with a low pH (pH 5.1) and a high pH (pH 7.8). 15N-labelled ammonium and nitrate were used separately to determine N transformation rates combined with Fe oxide (ferrihydrite) addition. Iron oxide addition stimulated net nitrification in the low pH soil (pH 5.1), while the opposite occurred in the high pH soil (pH 7.8). An explanation for this could be at low pH, Fe oxide increased NH3-N availability by stimulating N mineralization and inhibiting N immobilization. These results suggested that Fe oxide plays an important role in N transformations in soil ecosystem, and the effect of Fe oxide on N transformations depends on soil pH.

scholarly journals pH-based ecological coherence of active canonical methanotrophs in paddy soils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Yuanfeng Cai ◽  
Zhongjun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Paddy Soils

Abstract. Soil pH is considered one of the main determinants of the assembly of globally distributed microorganisms that catalyse the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. However, direct evidence for niche specialization of microorganisms in association with soil pH is still lacking. Using methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) as a model system of carbon cycling, we show that pH is potentially the key driving force selecting for canonical gamma- (type I) and alpha- (type II) methanotrophs in rice paddy soils. DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was combined with high-throughput sequencing to identify the taxonomic identities of active methanotrophs in physiochemically contrasting soils from 6 different paddy fields across China. Following microcosm amendment with 13CH4, methane was primarily consumed by Methylocystis-affiliated type II methanotrophs in soils with a relatively low pH (5.44–6.10), whereas Methylobacter/Methylosarcina-affiliated type I methanotrophs dominated methane consumption in soils with a high pH (7.02–8.02). Consumption of 13CH4 contributed 0.203 % to 1.25 % of soil organic carbon, but no significant difference was observed between high-pH and low-pH soils. The fertilization of ammonium nitrate resulted in no significant changes in the compositions of 13C-labelled methanotrophs in the soils, although significant inhibition of methane oxidation activity was consistently observed in low-pH soils. Mantel analysis further validated soil pH, rather than other parameters tested, had significant correlation to the variation of active methanotrophic compositions across different rice paddy soils. These results suggest that soil pH might have played pivotal roles in mediating the niche differentiation of ecologically important aerobic methanotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems and imply the importance of such niche specialization in regulating methane emissions in paddy field under increasingly intensified input of anthropogenic N fertilizers.

EFFECTS OF SURFACE SOIL PH ON SOIL CATION CONTENT, LEAF NUTRIENT LEVELS AND QUALITY OF APPLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
O. L. LAU
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Response ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

’Starkrimson’ Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.), 10–15 yr old, on seedling rootstock, were sampled in several orchards, selected for uniformly low soil pH (< 5.0), medium pH and high pH (6.5–7.3). Harrold Red Delicious, 20–25 yr old, were sampled in 18 orchards which had low, medium and high pH within each. Soils with low pH were generally characterized by higher exchangeable Mn and lower exchangeable Ca. Exchangeable soil Mg and K levels were not significantly related to soil pH. On soils of low pH, higher leaf Mn was the main plant nutrient response with both Harrold Red and Starkrimson trees. Significantly decreased leaf Ca was observed on the younger Starkrimson trees at low soil pH. Soil pH had no direct effect on fruit firmness, soluble solids, juice acidity, or flesh Ca, Mg and K contents. Poststorage fruit quality problems were primarily surface scald and were not related to differences in soil pH. Incidence of flesh browning was, however, related to low flesh Ca content.

scholarly journals Effect of iron oxide on nitrification in two agricultural soils with different pH

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5609-5617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueru Huang ◽  
Xia Zhu-Barker ◽  
William R. Horwath ◽  
Sarwee J. Faeflen ◽  
Hongyan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
High Ph ◽  
N Transformation ◽  
Soil N Transformation ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract. Iron (Fe) affects soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes both in anoxic and oxic environments. The role of Fe in soil N transformations including nitrification, mineralization, and immobilization, is influenced by redox activity, which is regulated by soil pH. The effect of Fe minerals, particularly oxides, on soil N transformation processes depends on soil pH, with Fe oxide often stimulating nitrification activity in the soil with low pH. We conducted lab incubations to investigate the effect of Fe oxide on N transformation rates in two subtropical agricultural soils with low pH (pH 5.1) and high pH (pH 7.8). 15N-labeled ammonium and nitrate were used separately to determine N transformation rates combined with Fe oxide (ferrihydrite) addition. Iron oxide stimulated net nitrification in low-pH soil (pH 5.1), while the opposite occurred in high-pH soil (pH 7.8). Compared to the control, Fe oxide decreased microbial immobilization of inorganic N by 50 % in low-pH soil but increased it by 45 % in high-pH soil. A likely explanation for the effects at low pH is that Fe oxide increased NH3-N availability by stimulating N mineralization and inhibiting N immobilization. These results indicate that Fe oxide plays an important role in soil N transformation processes and the magnitude of the effect of Fe oxide is dependent significantly on soil pH.

scholarly journals The pH of Australian soils: field results from a national survey

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice de Caritat ◽  
Michelle Cooper ◽  
John Wilford
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
National Scale ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Limestone Bedrock

The pH is one of the fundamental soil properties governing nutrient availability, metal mobility, elemental toxicity, microbial activity, and plant growth. The field pH of topsoil (0–0.10 m depth) and subsoil (~0.60–0.80 m depth) was measured on floodplain soils collected near the outlet of 1186 catchments covering >6 Mkm2 (6 × 1012 m2) or ~80% of Australia. Field pH duplicate data, obtained at 124 randomly selected sites, indicate a precision of 0.5 pH unit (or 7%), and mapped pH patterns are consistent and meaningful. The median topsoil pH is 6.5, while the subsoil pH has a median of 7 but is strongly bimodal (6–6.5 and 8–8.5). In most cases (64%) the topsoil and subsoil pH values are similar; among the sites exhibiting a pH contrast, those with more acidic topsoils are more common (28%) than those with more alkaline topsoils (7%). The distribution of soil pH at the national scale indicates the strong controls exerted by precipitation and ensuing leaching (e.g. low pH along the coastal fringe, high pH in the dry centre), aridity (e.g. high pH where calcrete is common in the regolith), vegetation (e.g. low pH reflecting abundant soil organic matter), and subsurface lithology (e.g. high pH over limestone bedrock). The new data, together with existing soil pH datasets, can support regional-scale decision-making relating to agricultural, environmental, infrastructural, and mineral exploration decisions.

Expression patterns of two carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase, in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, exposed to low pH and high pH

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ana Pavasovic ◽  
Peter B. Mather ◽  
Peter J. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Internal Ph ◽  
Ph Conditions

Carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (HAT) play vital roles in osmoregulation and pH balance in decapod crustaceans. As variable pH levels have a significant impact on the physiology of crustaceans, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which an animal maintains its internal pH. We examined expression patterns of cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, at three pH levels – 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 – over 24 h. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer. Expression increased at low pH after 12 h, and reached its maximum level by 24 h. CAg showed a significant increase in expression at 6 h after transfer at low pH. Expression of NKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated for up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h after transfer to low pH and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. Overall, CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish.

scholarly journals A method for the preparation of low-pH dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gradient gels

1981 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Jones ◽  
M T Wilson ◽  
V M Darley-Usmar
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Gel System

1. A low-pH lithium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gradient slab-gel system, suitable for electrophoresis, is described, and the migration properties of standard proteins are compared on this and conventional high-pH gels. 2. Cytochrome oxidase may be partially resolved into its component polypeptides. The order of migration of these is, however, dependent on the pH of the gel system.

scholarly journals Morphophenological characterization of ornamental ginger and selection for landscape use

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Castro ◽  
Ana Cecilia Ribeiro Castro ◽  
Charleston Gonçalves ◽  
Vivian Loges
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Inflorescence Length

Many species of Zingiber have great ornamental potential, due to durability and exotic appearance of the inflorescences. Despite its large phenotypic variability, they are scarcely exploited or not yet exploited regarding the ornamental potential. To conserve potential ornamental genotypes, and subsidize breeding program, the Agronomic Institute (IAC) maintain a Germoplasm Collection of Ornamental Zingiberales with promising accessions, including Zingiber. The aim was the morphophenological characterization of ten Zingiber accessions and the indication for landscape purposes. A large variation was observed to the evaluated characters: Clump height (CH); Inflorescence visualization (IV); Clump area (CA); Clump density (CD); Leaf stem Firmness (LSF); Number of leaf stems per clump (NLSC); Number of leaves per stem (NLS); Leaf color (LCol); Evergreen tendency (ET); Flower stem growth (FSG); Flower stem length (FSLe); Flower stem diameter (FSD); Flower stem per clump (FSC); Color sensorial perception (CSP); Flower stem weight (FSW); Inflorescence length (IL); Inflorescence diameter (ID); Bracts aspects (BAs); and Flowering season (FSe). The accessions very suitable and with the best performance to use for landscape purpose were Z. spectabile, IAC Anchieta (Z. spectabile), Z. newmanii.

Pollen̵1Pistil Interactions in Eucalyptus calophylla Provide No Evidence of a Selection Mechanism for Aluminium Tolerance

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Egerton-Warbuton ◽  
BJ Griffin ◽  
BB Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection For

Selection for aluminium (Al) tolerance was assessed by studying pollen-pistil interactions in Eucalyptus calophylla trees colonising a 30-year-old abandoned coal mine-site (soil pH 4.3) compared with E. calophylla trees on an adjacent forest-site (soil pH 5.3). Energy-dispersive X-ray micro-analysis of reproductive tissues demonstrated that low levels of Al occurred in the stigma, lower style and unfertilised ovules of forest-site flowers. In contrast, significantly higher levels of Al were detected in all reproductive tissues of mine-site flowers. Al concentrations were higher at the base of the style than in the stigma. Al was also detected in stigmatic exudates of mine-site flowers. Selection for Al tolerance occurred in the anther of mine-site flowers as pollen from mine-site flowers germinated six-fold (15.6%) compared with forest-site pollen (2.6%) at the highest concentration of Al (22 ppm) used. However, the rate of pollen tube growth was not significantly different between mine- and forest-sites at any Al concentration. Tolerance of Al by the mine-site pollen was not shared by the progeny as there was no increase in the survival or growth of mine-site seedlings in mine soils over forest-site seedlings. Controlled pollinations between mine-/forest-site pollen and mine-site pistils demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the number of mine- or forest-site pollen tubes at any level in the style in mine-site pistils. Pollen tube abnormalities principally occurred in mine-site pistils. We concluded that there is no evidence yet for a genetically-based tolerance of Al in E. calophylla on coal mining soils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document