Effect of green manuring and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of crops in rice-based cropping on acid lateritic soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
B. N. Mittra
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Available N ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Green Manure Crops

SummaryGreen manuring in situ with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) significantly improved growth and yield of transplanted rice. Giving the green manure crops 15 kg N/ha or 15 kg N and 30 kg P2O5/ha further increased yield. Interaction between green manuring and N fertilizer revealed that a considerable quantity of fertilizer N (45–60 kg N/ha) applied to rice could be replaced by incorporation of green manure crops to which a small amount of fertilizer had been applied. Residual fertility in terms of organic carbon and available N, P and K increased under green manuring, whereas N fertilizer made no impact on fertility build up. Grain yield of wheat and gram increased when grown after rice in plots which had grown green manure.

scholarly journals Time of incorporation of field legume herbage and its influence on the growth and yield of upland rice

2006 ◽  
pp. 12-31
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Rodolfo Escalada
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Green Manure Crops

Three species of legumes such as mungbean, cowpea, amd bushbean were incorporated into the soil at flowering to later stages of growth namely; after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd priming operations. These were followed by two croppings of upland rice. Significantly lower soil bulk densities were obtained after the first crop of rice when mungbean and bushbean herbage were used as green manure. The pH, O.M., P and K contents of the soil planted to rice were not markedly affected by the species and timing of field legume incorporation. Interaction effects between the two variables on O. M. and pH were noted after the harvest of the first and second crops of rice, respectively. Most of the growth and yield parameters of both crops of rice were not significantly influenced by the treatments involved. [his indicates the feasibility of modifying the usual practice of green manuring at flowering stage to later stages of growth using grain legumes without necessarily sacrificing their expected yields. Cowpea was the most suitable green manure crops for upland rice. Its use resulted in the highest combined net income for two croppings of rice, generating PhP 48,698.98 ha-1 or PhP 2.12 income per peso invested. Regardless of field legumes used, herbage incorporation after the first priming generated an income of PhP 1.56 per peso invested while green manuring at flowering stage gave only PhP 0.69.

Effect of combinations of organic materials and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of rice

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
B. N. Mittra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Available N ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Urea Uptake ◽  
Crop Harvest

SummaryIn a 2-year study, the growth and yield of lowland rice increased significantly with the combined use of organic materials and N fertilizer in an acid-lateritic soil. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) or water hyacinth compost (WHC) at 10 t/ha along with paddy straw (PS) at 2·5 t/ha increased grain yield by 28%, similar to the increase given by 30 kg N/ha as fertilizer. The combination of FYM and WHC with or without PS produced yields equivalent to those using 50–60 kg/ha N as fertilizer urea. Uptake of N increased but the recovery of applied N decreased both with the application of organic materials and with increasing N. Organic materials considerably improved the fertility status of the soil, as measured by % C and available N, after crop harvest, whereas N fertilizer made no impact on fertility build-up.

scholarly journals Effect of green manure crops, termination method, stubble crops, and fallow on soil water, available N, and exchangeable P

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Mooleki ◽  
Y. Gan ◽  
R.L. Lemke ◽  
R.P. Zentner ◽  
C. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Available N ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Exchangeable P

Green manure crops may have a role to play in the development of sustainable agricultural systems in the semiarid northern Great Plains of North America. This study determined the benefits of different green manure crops, seeding dates, and termination methods on soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and moisture, as well as the performance of durum wheat following green manures the following year. Field experiments were conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, from 2006 to 2009. Three green manure crops [forage pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.), and black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)] were seeded in May, June, and July, and terminated at full bloom using glyphosate, rototilling or by frost. Other treatments included summerfallow and stubble of selected crops harvested for grain or silage. Different green manure crops, seeding dates or termination methods had similar effects on soil moisture, available N, and exchangeable P at termination or the following spring. These effects of green manure management on soil residual characteristics were comparable to those observed under summerfallow, but higher than those on grain or silage stubble. Therefore, green manure is a viable alternative to summerfallowing and could be seeded any time during the growing season. If seeded late, green manure could be terminated by frost, thus saving on costs.

Effect of different rates of application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers in a rice-based cropping system

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
B. N. Mittra
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic C

SUMMARYThe effect on soil fertility and crop performance of different organic fertilizers; paddy straw (PS), farmyard manure (FYM), water hyacinth compost (WHC) and tank silt (TS), at different rates of application and in combination with N fertilizer, was studied in a rice-based cropping system on an acid lateritic soil at Kharagpur, India, during 1985/86. Organic manuring of wet-season rice (first crop) with 5 t PS/ha 10 days before transplanting and 10 t FYM or 10 t WHC/ha at transplanting increased grain yield as much as the application of 30 kg N/ha. Increasing the rates of FYM and WHC application up to 15 t/ha increased yield but increasing the rate of PS beyond 5 t/ha did not. Response to increasing amounts of N was not linear; there was a significant increase up to 90 kg N/ha and a decrease when N was applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers. There was a significant increase in the N uptake of the rice but a decrease in the recovery of applied fertilizer N with the application of increasing rates of organic and N fertilizer.The organic C content of the soil after the rice harvest increased significantly after PS application, whereas there was more available N after WHC and FYM. Increasing the rate of application of PS up to 15 t/ha increased organic C but not available N. Mineral N fertilizer had little effect on fertility build-up. Grain yields of wheat and gram (Cicer arietinum), grown after rice without any additional fertilizer, increased significantly. The residual N effect of the previous crop on wheat or gram yield was small and adding fertilizer directly is considered essential for higher productivity in these crops in a rice-based cropping system.

Effect of green manuring with dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) on growth and yield of direct-sown and transplanted rice under intermediate deepwater conditions (0–50 cm)

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
K. C. Das
Keyword(s):  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Sesbania Aculeata ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater

SUMMARYIn intermediate deepwater conditions (0–50 cm) at Cuttack, India during 1990 and 1991, rice and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) were either mixed-sown in different arrangements (parallel lines and mixed broadcasting) in dry soil by the end of May or rice seedlings were transplanted in plots grown with pure dhaincha after the accumulation of water in the field by mid-July. Incorporation of dhaincha in situ after 48 and 54 days of growth added 60·8–65·2 and 72·9–76·9 kg N/ha in the mixed stands compared with 81·3 and 85·1 kg N/ha in the pure stand in 1990 and 1991 respectively. Although the growth of rice when sown simultaneously with dhaincha was affected initially due to the more vigorous growth and shading by the latter, tillering of rice increased after the incorporation of green manure following an increase in inter-row spacings. The performance of the direct-sown and transplanted rice was similar in 1990, when the water level rose relatively slowly, but in 1991 the transplanted crop yielded significantly less due to the sudden accumulation of water to higher depths (48 cm), resulting in greater mortality of seedlings at planting. However, the grain yield of both directsown and transplanted crops increased with dhaincha green manuring compared with the control (no application of dhaincha) and was equal to the application of 40 kg N/ha applied as urea fertilizer. The highest yield was obtained when rice and dhaincha were grown at a 2:1 ratio in 20 cm wide rows and the clonal tillers uprooted from the adjoining rice rows were planted in lines vacated by dhaincha. The yield was, however, equal to that from treatments where rice and dhaincha were grown in alternate rows at 15 cm spacing or mixed broadcasting. Increase in yield under green manuring was due to greater panicle weight, which was probably due to a continued supply of N following decomposition of organic matter added through dhaincha. Therefore, green manuring of direct-sown rice with dhaincha was beneficial for higher crop productivity under excess water conditions.

scholarly journals Doses of Crotalaria juncea: Residual effect on zucchini and maize crop in sequence to broccoli

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-606
Author(s):  
Ellen Rúbia Diniz ◽  
Thiago de O Vargas ◽  
Amanda F Guedes ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Absolute Control

ABSTRACT Amounts of N from green manures not absorbed in the first cycle can be absorbed by the subsequent crops. Therefore, it is important to quantify and monitor the residual effects of green manure to increase the agronomic benefits of its use in cropping systems. Our purpose was to study the residual effect of doses of the Crotalaria juncea green manure applied in broccoli crop in the zucchini-maize succession. This study was carried out in a crop succession system organized in three crops, with seven treatments and four major doses of green manure as 0, 3, 6, and 9 t ha-1. The control treatments consisted of a mineral fertilization, a treatment with 25 t ha-1 compost, and another as absolute control without organic compost or mineral fertilizer. The experimental plot consisted of five rows spaced 0.8 m with 3 m in length. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with four replications in a split-plot scheme in time for growth with variables of adjustment of statistical models by the response surface methodology. With the highest dose of green manure, the yield of zucchini plants was greater than the yield with 25 t ha-1 compost control and similar with mineral fertilizer. As for the maize yield in the dose of 9 t ha-1 green manure, the yield was superior only to absolute control. There was a residual effect of C. juncea mass, which was applied in broccoli crop for growth and yield of zucchini and maize grown in succession. The residual effect is dependent on the amount of weight of C. juncea applied, with the greatest effects in larger doses.

Response of maize to trash burning and nitrogen fertilizer in a newly opened secondary forest

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Iremiren
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Year

SUMMARYThe growth and yield of maize grown on an unploughed newly opened secondary forest in Nigeria in 1985–87 was studied. In each year, trash was either removed or burnt in situ and each of these treatments was given N fertilizer or none. In the first year, only N fertilizer increased yields. In the second and third years, yields were increased by N fertilizer and by trash burning. Trash burning consistently increased the amount of P in the soil.

Split strategies and intercropping dhaincha for in situ green manuring and seed production in wet-seeded rice

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
S. Anbumani ◽  
B. Chandrasekaran ◽  
T. Nadanassababady ◽  
P. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
The Self ◽  
N Application ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
Self Production ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
The Ideal

In a wet-seeded rice establishment system, it is feasible to raise dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata. W.) in alternate rows as an intercrop using a newly developed joint rice and green manure seeder. Intercropping dhaincha exclusively for in situ green manuring recorded a higher grain yield of rice (with green manure) than sole rice. Besides in situ green manuring, leaving every 20th row for seed production achieved not only the self manuring of the land, but also the self-production of green manure seed (dhaincha). Leaving dhaincha at narrow spacings (10th or 15th row) for seed production affected the growth, development and yield of rice in the adjacent rows. Within the total dose of fertiliser N, split dose of 25, 33, 21 and 21% at 20 days after sowing (DAS), at green manure incorporation (37 DAS), 55 DAS and 70 DAS were found to be the ideal method of N application, alleviating the temporary lock-up of N, if any, upon green manure incorporation. Thus, the sustainability of the green manure intercrop for in situ incorporation in the rice culture and of green manure seed production were proved by the study.

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