Effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) on yields and yield components of early and late maturing coriander (Conundrum sutivum)

SUMMARYExperiments were done during 1990/91 and 1991/92 at Bangalore to estimate the reduction in yield caused by powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC) on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) cultivars differing widely in time to maturity. Powdery mildew resulted in smaller reductions in yield in the early maturing than the late maturing cultivars. Although the results of this study suggest that even expensive control measures can be recommended for managing powdery mildew in late maturing cultivars, because a small increase in the severity of powdery mildew infection may cause a considerable economic loss, they also indicate that such measures may not be economically viable for early maturing cultivars.

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Listeriosis

10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0014 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. McLauchlin

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Control Measures ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Food Borne ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

The Uk ◽

Almost All ◽

Considerable Economic Loss

Listeriosis occurs in a variety of animals including humans, and most often affects the pregnant uterus, the central nervous system (CNS) or the bloodstream. During pregnancy, infection spreads to the foetus, which will either be born severely ill or die in-utero. In non-pregnant animals, listeriosis usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis. In humans, infection most often occurs in the immunocompromised and elderly, and to a lesser extent the pregnant woman, the unborn, or the newly delivered infant. Infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics, however 20–40% of human cases are fatal..In domestic animals (especially in sheep and goats) listeriosis usually presents as encephalitis, abortion, or septicaemia, and is a cause of considerable economic loss.The genus Listeria comprises six species of Gram-positive bacteria. Almost all cases of listeriosis are due to Listeria monocytogenes although up to 10% of cases in sheep are due to Listeria ivanovii.Listeriae are ubiquitous in the environment worldwide, especially in sites with decaying organic vegetable material. Many animals carry the organism in the faeces without serious infection. The consumption of contaminated food or feed is the principal route of transmission for both humans and animals, however other means of transmission occur.Human listeriosis is rare (<1 to > 10 cases per million people in North America and Western Europe), but because of the high mortality rate, it is amongst the most important causes of death from food-borne infections in industrialized countries. In the UK, human listeriosis is the biggest single cause of death from a preventable food-borne disease. Listeriosis in domestic animals is a cause of considerable economic loss. Control measures should be directed towards both to exclude Listeria from food or feed as well as inhibiting its multiplication and survival. Silage which is spoiled or mouldy should not be used, and care should be taken to maintain anaerobic conditions for as long as possible.Dietary advice is available for disease prevention, particularly targeted at ‘at risk’ individuals to modify their diet to avoid eating specific foods such as soft cheese and pâté.

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The Perfect Stage of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) of Beta vulgaris Found in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-11-10-0803 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 494-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. E. Hanson ◽

J. M. McGrath

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

North Dakota ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

The United States ◽

Perfect Stage ◽

Swiss Chard ◽

Erysiphe Polygoni ◽

Powdery Mildew Infection

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC [synonym E. betae {Vanha} Weltzien]) affects several different crops of Beta vulgaris, including sugar beet, Swiss chard, and table beet. The disease has been prevalent in many sugar beet-growing areas of the United States since the first major epidemic in beet in 1974 (3). Powdery mildew in the United States was primarily associated with the asexual stage of the pathogen until the perfect stage was found, first in western states such as Idaho and Colorado (2), then in more Midwestern states such as Nebraska, and most recently in North Dakota (1). Similar to North Dakota, powdery mildew has not been a major problem in the Michigan growing area. It does appear sporadically, particularly on sugar beets that have not been sprayed to control other foliar diseases. In 2010, powdery mildew infection on sugar beet was observed in late August in a field in the Saginaw Valley of Michigan. Plants were inspected periodically for the presence of the sexual stage. In early October, sugar beet and Swiss chard plants with heavy powdery mildew infection also were observed at the Michigan State University (MSU) Horticultural Demonstration Gardens in East Lansing and on sugar beet at the MSU Plant Pathology and Botany research farms. On both the Saginaw Valley sugar beet and Swiss chard on the MSU campus, ascomata were observed on a few leaves in mid-October. No ascomata were found on sugar beet at the other two locations. The majority of ascomata were dark brown to black when located, although a few light tan ascomata were observed on the Swiss chard. Ascomata varied from 70 to 100 μm in diameter. Asci contained one to four hyaline or golden yellow ascospores similar to those described in other growing regions on sugar beet (1,2). No ascomata had been detected on powdery mildew-infected sugar beet from either the Saginaw Valley or the MSU research farms the previous two years. These results appear to indicate a spread of the ability to form the perfect stage eastward from the western United States. This may be due to movement of one mating type because E. polygoni has been reported to be heterothallic on some crops (4). The presence of the perfect stage indicates that sexual recombination could occur in E. polygoni on Beta species in Michigan, creating the potential for more rapid development of new strains that might vary in fungicide sensitivity and response to host resistance. References: (1) C. A. Bradley et al. Plant Dis. 91:470, 2007 (2) J. J. Gallian and L. E. Hanson. Plant Dis. 87:200, 2003. (3) E. G. Ruppel. Page 13 in: Compendium of Beet Disease and Insects. E. D. Whitney and J. E. Duffus, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1986. (4) C. G. Smith. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55:355, 1970.

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Oil Application Reduces Powdery Mildew Severity in Black and Red Currants

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.11.3.445 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 445-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kim E. Hummer ◽

Deric D. Picton

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Control Measures ◽

Ribes Nigrum ◽

Sound Control ◽

The Pacific ◽

Leaf Surfaces ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

Powdery Mildew Infection

Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) severely infects young shoots and leaves of black currants (Ribes nigrum) and red currants (R. rubrum) in the Pacific northwestern U.S. Environmentally sound control measures are being sought as alternatives to sulfur or demethylation-inhibiting fungicides. This study examined the effect of mineral oil spray on powdery mildew infection in susceptible black and red currants. Mineral oil at 8 mL·L-1(8000 ppm) was applied to plants until runoff at 0-, 2-, and 4-week intervals from April through June in 1999 and 2000 on eight currant cultivars growing in Corvallis, Ore. Shoot and leaf surfaces were rated for powdery mildew incidence in early July both years. Oil applications significantly reduced mildew severity in vegetative growth as compared with that of the unsprayed control. The disease control from 2-week interval and 4-week interval oil applications was not significantly different.

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Comparative Study of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) Disease Severity and Its Effect on Yield and Yield Components of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in the Southeastern Oromia, Ethiopia

Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology ◽

10.4172/2157-7471.1000410 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 08 (05) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teshome E ◽

Tegegn A

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Yield Components ◽

Field Pea ◽

Pisum Sativum L ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Erysiphe Polygoni ◽

Effect On Yield

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AtSTP8, an endoplasmic reticulum‐localized monosaccharide transporter from Arabidopsis , is recruited to the extrahaustorial membrane during powdery mildew infection

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/nph.17347 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Liu ◽

Mengxue Liu ◽

Liqiang Tan ◽

Baoyu Huai ◽

Xianfeng Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Monosaccharide Transporter ◽

Powdery Mildew Infection

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The effect of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. avenae) on yield, yield components and grain quality of spring oats

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1988.tb03323.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 455-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. W. RODERICK ◽

I. T. JONES

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Yield Components ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Erysiphe Graminis

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Identification of a major locus conferring resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni DC) in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) by QTL analysis

Genome ◽

10.1139/g03-057 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 738-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M E Humphry ◽

T Magner ◽

C L McIntyre ◽

E A.B Aitken ◽

C J Liu

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Linkage Map ◽

Qtl Analysis ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mapping Population ◽

Susceptible Variety ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Causal Organism ◽

Major Locus ◽

Erysiphe Polygoni

A major locus conferring resistance to the causal organism of powdery mildew, Erysiphe polygoni DC, in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) was identified using QTL analysis with a population of 147 recombinant inbred individuals. The population was derived from a cross between 'Berken', a highly susceptible variety, and ATF 3640, a highly resistant line. To test for response to powdery mildew, F7 and F8 lines were inoculated by dispersing decaying mungbean leaves with residual conidia of E. polygoni amongst the young plants to create an artificial epidemic and assayed in a glasshouse facility. To generate a linkage map, 322 RFLP clones were tested against the two parents and 51 of these were selected to screen the mapping population. The 51 probes generated 52 mapped loci, which were used to construct a linkage map spanning 350 cM of the mungbean genome over 10 linkage groups. Using these markers, a single locus was identified that explained up to a maximum of 86% of the total variation in the resistance response to the pathogen.Key words: mungbean, powdery mildew, Erysiphe polygoni, QTL, molecular markers.

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The ultrastructure of M1-a-mediated resistance to powdery mildew infection in barley

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b75-286 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (22) ◽

pp. 2589-2597 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H. H. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Host Cell ◽

Electron Density ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Dense Material ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Electron Dense Material ◽

Host Cytoplasm ◽

Powdery Mildew Infection ◽

Cell Protoplast

M1-a-mediated resistance in barley to invasion by the CR3 race of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei does not occur in every host cell with the same speed and severity. In some cells ultrastructural changes within the host cell as a result of resistance will occur within 24 h after inoculation, whereas in other cells these changes may take up to 72 h. In some cells the ultrastructural changes are so drastic that they give the appearance of a hypersensitive death of the host cell, whereas in other cells the changes are very slight. In any case, at the end of these changes the fungus ceases growth. The ultrastructural changes occur in penetrated host epidermal cells as well as non-infected adjacent epidermal and mesophyll cells.The following ultrastructural changes have been observed: (1) an electron-dense material which occurs either free in the vacuole or adhering to the tonoplast (the material is granular or in large clumps); (2) an increased electron density of the host cytoplasm and nucleus; (3) a breakdown of the tonoplast so that the cytoplasmic constituents become dispersed throughout the cell lumen; and (4) the deposition of papillar-like material in areas other than the penetration site. The first three changes take place within the host cell protoplasts and are directly attributable to the gene M1-a. These changes are typical of stress or incompatibility responses and thus M1-a appears to trigger a generalized incompatibility response in the presence of race CR3. The papillar-like material occurs outside the host cell protoplast in the same manner as the papilla and probably is not directly attributable to M1-a.

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Bright-Field and Fluorescence Microscopic Study of Development of Erysiphe polygoni in Susceptible and Resistant Bigleaf Hydrangea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-2-0130 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 130-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yonghao Li ◽

Mark T. Windham ◽

Robert N. Trigiano ◽

Sandra M. Reed ◽

James M. Spiers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Early Response ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Colony Development ◽

Susceptible Cultivar ◽

Bright Field ◽

Erysiphe Polygoni ◽

Infected Cells ◽

Germ Tubes

Temporal development of Erysiphe polygoni and responses of bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) to the fungal attack were investigated using bright-field and fluorescence microscopy. Conidia germinated 2 h after inoculation (HAI) and formed primary appressoria at the tip of the primary germ tubes within 4 HAI. Secondary germ tubes were initiated from primary appressoria or other parts of conidia 12 HAI. Hyphae developed through elongation of secondary germ tubes, and paired lateral appressoria were formed along hyphae within 2 days after inoculation (DAI). Conidiophores and conidia were formed 5 DAI. In the susceptible cultivar Nikko Blue and the resistant cultivar Veitchii, the fungus established a parasitic relationship, which was indicated by the formation of haustoria under primary appressoria and development of secondary germ tubes at 1 DAI. A hypersensitive response (HR) and accumulation of callose were detected in both resistant and susceptible cultivars at 3 DAI. Resistance to powdery mildew in Veitchii was evident by manifestation of early accumulation of callose, relatively high percentage of necrotic infected cells, and restricted colony development compared to the susceptible cultivar Nikko Blue. Restricting hyphal growth and sporulation by early response of callose accumulation and HR are important resistance mechanisms that could be used in screening hydrangeas for resistance to powdery mildew.

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