Effectiveness of the water-insoluble component of triple superphosphate for yield and phosphorus uptake by plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. JOHNSTON ◽  
I. R. RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
The Uk

The water-insoluble phosphorus (P) component (‘residue source’) was separated from four commercial triple superphosphate (TSP) products and its agronomic effectiveness evaluated. Two of the TSP products were sourced from the USA and two from the UK. Effectiveness was measured using a pot trial technique with ryegrass as the test crop. The residue sources were evaluated on 13 soils varying in key properties: readily plant-available P, texture, pH and organic matter content. Four of the soils were from Germany, one from Spain, five from the UK and three from France. Grass dry-matter yield and P offtake were measured at every cut on every soil. For both of these variables, significant responses to applied P were obtained on all soils. Mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) was used as the comparative P source and effectiveness of the residue sources was estimated relative to that of MCP. Using dry-matter data, the residue sources were 44–87% as effective as MCP; P offtake data provided corresponding estimates of 35–79%. Both methods of estimation indicated the same ranking of residue sources in terms of relative effectiveness, those derived from USA products being more effective than those derived from UK products. The ranking was the same for all soils. The effectiveness of the residue sources relative to that of MCP appeared little affected by measured soil properties: texture, pH, available P or organic carbon content. The results indicate there is little difference in agronomic effectiveness of TSP products with water solubility greater than 85%.

Residual effects of phosphorus and soyabean crop on maize in the Guinea savanna of West Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
I. Ogoke ◽  
A. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Application ◽  
Total Soil N

Two seasons of cropping were carried out at three sites in the Guinea savanna to evaluate the residual effects of soyabean on maize. The experiment was laid out as a splitplot design in a randomized complete block with three replications. In the first season, four soyabean varieties with a fallow treatment (control) received phosphorus (P) applied as triple superphosphate (20% P) at the rates of 30 and 60 kg P ha −1 . Maize was grown in these plots in the second season without fertilizer application. At all sites, regardless of the previous crop, total soil N remained low (<1.5 g kg −1 ). Available P was affected by the P rate in the previous year at all sites. From initial values ranging from 5.2–16.2 mg kg −1 in the first season, available P significantly (p<0.05) increased in the second season to 9.8–42.8 mg kg −1 when 30 or 60 kg P ha −1 was applied, compared to 7.7–18.6 mg kg –1 at no P application. Relative to no P application in the previous year, the application of 60 kg P ha −1 significantly increased total dry matter at 6 weeks after planting by 19%, total harvest dry matter by 28%, and grain yield by 37%.

Low effectiveness of three rock phosphates as phosphorus fertilizers and liming materials on an acid clay-loam

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Yeates ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Buffering

The effectiveness of three finely ground rock phosphates (PRs) was compared with ordinary superphosphate (OSP) for subterranean clover growth and for increasing soil bicarbonate-extractable P levels over two successive 8-week periods on a very acid clay-loam (pH (0.01 M CaCl2) 4.3) in a glasshouse experiment. All PR sources were poorly effective compared to OSP. Maximum dry matter and P uptake of each PR source was less than that of OSP at each harvest. Relative to surface application, mixing throughout the soil reduced the effectiveness of OSP for dry matter and P uptake, but had little effect on the PR sources. Relative to OSP, the effectiveness of PR sources did not increase at the second harvest. Bicarbonate-extractable P levels for soil-incorporated Island PR plateaued below the highest rate applied. Phosphorus uptake by the herbage at harvests 1 and 2 was not well related to soil bicarbonateextractable P levels at harvest 1, and source dependency was indicated. Soil pH was markedly increased by each of PR sources at application rates within the rates required to reach maximum dry matter and P yield. Increased soil pH at high PR applications is likely to have reduced PR dissolution, and contributed to low agronomic effectiveness. Dry matter yield at both harvests was dependent on P concentration in the tops, regardless of the P source or method of P application. A higher soil buffering capacity for pH, P or Ca than was present in this soil seems necessary for sufficient PR dissolution to achieve the same agronomic effectiveness as OSP.

scholarly journals Preface to 'Role of Reactive Phosphate Rock Fertilisers for Pastures in Australia'

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. I
Author(s):  
Peter W. G. Sale
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Laboratory Finding ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Available P ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
P Buffering Capacity

Summary. The dissolution of North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) in soil was investigated in a laboratory study using surface soils sampled from 28 permanent pasture sites. The relationships between phosphorus (P) dissolved, P availability and various soil properties were investigated using simple and multiple linear regression and the findings related to the relative effectiveness of NCPR for pasture production at the sites. The extent of dissolution of NCPR was positively correlated to P buffering capacity (r2 = 0.42). Phosphorus buffering capacity and titratable acidity together accounted for 72% of the variance in dissolution. Bicarbonate-extractable P (‘available’ P) generally increased as dissolution increased. However, the increase in available P was consistently lower for soils with higher P buffering capacity. The proportion of dissolved P that was available also decreased with increasing P buffering capacity (r2 = 0.63). Consequently, the increase in available P was highest for soils with very low to low P buffering capacity. This suggests that the effectiveness of NCPR as a fertiliser may be more closely related to the availability of dissolved P, than to the amount of NCPR dissolved in a soil. Consistent with this laboratory finding, the agronomic effectiveness of NCPR relative to superphosphate measured in the field tended to decrease with increasing P buffering capacity. The agronomic effectiveness of NCPR was comparable with superphosphate only at certain sites, and with some noted exceptions, most of these had surface soils with very low to low P buffering capacity. The high relative effectiveness of NCPR at these sites was mostly attributed to the loss of superphosphate by leaching. Since NCPR dissolves much more slowly than superphosphate, only a small amount of the P applied as NCPR would be lost during leaching events. Slow dissolution of the remaining NCPR probably supplied a small amount of dissolved P over an extended period of time, and due to the low P buffering capacity, much of this was available to plants.

scholarly journals Growth and phosphorus uptake of faba bean and cotton are related to Colwell-P concentrations in the subsoil of Vertosols

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. McLaren ◽  
M. J. Bell ◽  
I. J. Rochester ◽  
C. N. Guppy ◽  
M. K. Tighe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Use

Recent studies report low and variable phosphorus (P) fertiliser use efficiency (PUE) for cotton in the northern grains region (NGR) of eastern Australia. This may be due to cotton accessing P pools that are not currently tested for in the subsoil (10–30 cm) or variation in response to P source and placement strategy. Two glasshouse studies were used to investigate this, incorporating two soil P tests to assess readily and slowly available P pools (Colwell, and a dilute acid colloquially referred to as the BSES extractant), and five different P fertiliser placement strategies in the subsoil. Eighteen Vertosols were collected across southern to central Queensland in the NGR, and then used to grow faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) sequentially in the same 28-L pot. Readily available P pools assessed by Colwell-P were of major importance for faba bean and cotton dry matter, as well as for tissue P concentrations. Cotton was less responsive to extractable subsoil P concentrations than faba bean, suggesting either greater internal PUE or improved ability to accumulate P under conditions of limited availability. We recommend that subsoil P fertilisation should occur before sowing faba bean to maximise PUE in a cotton–faba bean rotation. Faba bean and cotton both recovered more P when the subsoil was fertilised, but no individual P fertiliser placement strategy was superior. Phosphorus extracted using the BSES method was not correlated with faba bean or cotton dry matter or tissue P concentration over the single crop cycle. We also recommend that Colwell-P be measured in the topsoil and subsoil to understand the quantity of plant-available P in Vertosols of the NGR, and that further research is needed to describe the resupply of the readily available P pool from slowly available P pools during a single crop cycle.

Growth characters and yield of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) as affected by contents of water–soluble P in triple superphosphate/dicalcium phosphate and triple superphosphate/rock phosphate mixtures

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Govil ◽  
Rajendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Phosphorus Application

SUMMARYA field experiment was made during the rainy seasons of 1968 and 1969 on a sandy loam soil to study the response of Sorghum hybrid CSH–1 to phosphorus in relation to content of water-soluble phosphate in fertilizers. Triple superphosphate, dicalcium phosphate, rock phosphate (200-mesh), nitrophosphate and mixtures of triple superphosphate with dicalcium phosphate and rock phosphate in 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3 ratios were studied. The amounts of phosphorus applied were 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. Phosphorus application significantly affected dry matterproduced, plant height, days to 50% bloom, number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, stover and grain yield. Triple superphosphate and 3:1 triple superphosphate/dicalcium phosphate mixture were the most effective while rock phosphate and 1:3 triple superphosphate/rock phosphate mixture the least. Differences among sources were more marked in 1968 and at the higher amount i.e. 60 kg P2O5/ha. The response of sorghum to phosphorus was considerably lowered when the water solubility waa below 50% in triple superphosphate/dicalcium phosphate mixtures and below 75% in triple superphosphate/rock phosphate mixtures. Relative effectiveness was assessed by calculating ‘superphosphate equivalents’ and ‘multiple regressions’. Using superphosphate equivalents dicalcium phosphate, nitrophosphate and rock phosphates were 47–53%, 35–56% and 3–25%, respectively, as effective as triple superphosphate.

The effect of phosphate buffering capacity and other soil properties on North Carolina phosphate rock dissolution, availability of dissolved phosphorus and relative agronomic effectiveness

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Babare ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
P. W. G. Sale
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Available P ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
North Carolina Phosphate Rock ◽  
P Buffering Capacity

Summary. The dissolution of North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) in soil was investigated in a laboratory study using surface soils sampled from 28 permanent pasture sites. The relationships between phosphorus (P) dissolved, P availability and various soil properties were investigated using simple and multiple linear regression and the findings related to the relative effectiveness of NCPR for pasture production at the sites. The extent of dissolution of NCPR was positively correlated to P buffering capacity (r2 = 0.42). Phosphorus buffering capacity and titratable acidity together accounted for 72% of the variance in dissolution. Bicarbonate-extractable P (‘available’ P) generally increased as dissolution increased. However, the increase in available P was consistently lower for soils with higher P buffering capacity. The proportion of dissolved P that was available also decreased with increasing P buffering capacity (r2 = 0.63). Consequently, the increase in available P was highest for soils with very low to low P buffering capacity. This suggests that the effectiveness of NCPR as a fertiliser may be more closely related to the availability of dissolved P, than to the amount of NCPR dissolved in a soil. Consistent with this laboratory finding, the agronomic effectiveness of NCPR relative to superphosphate measured in the field tended to decrease with increasing P buffering capacity. The agronomic effectiveness of NCPR was comparable with superphosphate only at certain sites, and with some noted exceptions, most of these had surface soils with very low to low P buffering capacity. The high relative effectiveness of NCPR at these sites was mostly attributed to the loss of superphosphate by leaching. Since NCPR dissolves much more slowly than superphosphate, only a small amount of the P applied as NCPR would be lost during leaching events. Slow dissolution of the remaining NCPR probably supplied a small amount of dissolved P over an extended period of time, and due to the low P buffering capacity, much of this was available to plants.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLACEMENT OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. BULLEN ◽  
R. J. SOPER ◽  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Chamber Experiment ◽  
Glycine Max L

Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted on Southern Manitoba soils, low in available soil phosphorus, to investigate the effects of various placement methods and levels of phosphorus fertilizer on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill ’Maple Presto’). It was found that soybean responded well to applied phosphorus on low-P soil in growth chamber studies. In the first growth chamber experiment, P was applied in solution to 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5% and 1% of the total soil volume. Dry matter yields, total phosphorus uptake and utilization of fertilizer P increased at each level of applied P as the size of the phosphated band was decreased. The results were partly attributed to greater chemical availability of P in the smaller zones of P fertilizer reaction. In a second growth chamber experiment, soybeans responded differently to phosphorus banded in six different locations. Placement of the fertilizer 2.5 cm directly below the seed was more effective in increasing dry matter yield, total phosphorus uptake and fertilizer P utilization than placement 2.5 cm and 5 cm away at the same depth or placement 5 cm below the seed, whether the band was directly below, 2.5 cm away or 5 cm away. Soybean yield responses in the field were greatest with P banded 2.5 cm directly below the seed on low-P soils. Placement of P 2.5 cm below the seed resulted in grain yields that were 64% and 50% higher (at the two sites) than those obtained in control plots. Sidebanding P, 2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm away from the seed at the same level of application, improved grain yields of control plots by 40% and 39%. Seed placement and broadcast applications of P were not as effective in increasing grain yields. Broadcasting P in fall or in spring at rates of up to 52.38 kg P/ha did not result in significantly higher grain yields than those obtained in control plots. Placement of P in contact with the seed appeared to reduce seedling emergence, resulting in depressed yields when 52.38 kg P/ha were applied. Key words: Glycine max L. Merrill, ’Maple Presto’

PREDICTION OF DIGESTIBLE ENERGY INTAKE BY SHEEP OF DIETS CONTAINING GROUND ROUGHAGE AND GRAIN

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Digestible Energy

Digestibility and intake of diets containing 8, 28, 48 or 68% ground wheat straw plus ground crested wheatgrass and rapeseed meal, and diets containing 33, 48, 63 and 78% ground crested wheatgrass plus barley and rapeseed meal was measured with four yearling wethers per diet. Digestible energy (DE) content ranged from 2.07 to 2.95 kcal/g dry matter (DM) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) (%) from 48.7 to 71.1%. Regression of DE intake y (kcal/w0.75kg/d) on DE content (x) was curvilinear; y = −2,133 + 1,626x − 277.9x2, r = 0.996, P < 0.01, SE = ± 7.3. There was also a curvilinear relationship between diet density, as fed, (x) g (DM)/ml and DMD (%), y = 9.057 + 364.1x − 530.0x2, r = 0.970, P < 0.01, SE = ± 2.4. A linear regression equation was calculated over the DE range (2.07–2.52) for which there was an obvious increase in DE intake with increasing diet DE content; y = −700.6 + 361x, r = 0.994, P < 0.01, SE = ± 9.4, y = DE intake (kcal/w0.75kg/d), x = DE [kcal/g (DM)]. Using this regression equation and assuming a linear increase in DE intake with increase in diet DE content up to a point at which the apparent energy demand of the animal is satisfied gave a more accurate prediction of DE intake than when the curvilinear regression equation, y = −2,133 + 1,626x − 277.9x2, was used empirically. Accuracy of the prediction was further improved by expressing DE/unit ration volume instead of per unit DM. The sheep used in the present experiments had an apparent energy demand of 230 kcal/w0.75kg/day which was met at diet DE contents above 0.48 kcal/ml or 2.6 kcal/g (DM). There was a high correlation between in vivo DE content of the diet, y [kcal/g (DM)] and in vitro (x) digestible organic matter content, x, (%), r = 0.991, P < 0.01, y = 0.38 + 0.037x, SE = ± 0.04.

scholarly journals Influence of Lime and Phosphorus Application Rates on Growth of Maize in an Acid Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Asbon Opala
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Available P ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The interactive effects of lime and phosphorus on maize growth in an acid soil were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. A completely randomized design with 12 treatments consisting of four lime levels, 0, 2, 10, and 20 t ha−1, in a factorial combination with three phosphorus rates, 0, 30, and 100 kg ha−1, was used. Maize was grown in pots for six weeks and its heights and dry matter yield were determined and soils were analyzed for available P and exchangeable acidity. Liming significantly reduced the exchangeable acidity in the soils. The effect of lime on available P was not significant but available P increased with increasing P rates. There was a significant effect of lime, P, and P by lime interactions on plant heights and dry matter. Without lime application, dry matter increased with increasing P rates but, with lime, dry mattes increased from 0 to 30 kg P ha−1but declined from 30 to 100 kg P ha−1. The highest dry matter yield (13.8 g pot−1) was obtained with a combined 2 t ha−1of lime with 30 kg P ha−1suggesting that lime application at low rates combined with moderate amounts of P would be appropriate in this soil.

The agronomic effectiveness of reactive phosphate rocks 1. Effect of the pasture environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. G Sale ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
P. G. Simpson ◽  
D. C. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
P Sorption ◽  
Reactive Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Phosphate Rock ◽  
Very High

Summary. The agronomic effectiveness of directly applied North Carolina reactive phosphate rock was determined for 4 years from annual dry matter responses at 26 permanent pasture sites across Australia as part of the National Reactive Phosphate Rock Project. Fertiliser comparisons were based on the substitution value of North Carolina reactive phosphate rock for triple superphosphate (the SV50). The SV50 was calculated from fitted response curves for both fertilisers at the 50% of maximum yield response level of triple superphosphate. The reactive phosphate rock was judged to be as effective as triple superphosphate in the 1st year (and every year thereafter) at 4 sites (SV50 >0.9), and was as effective by the 4th year at 5 sites. At another 9 sites the reactive phosphate rock was only moderately effective with SV50 values between 0.5 and 0.8 in the 4th year, and at the final 8 sites it performed poorly with the 4th year SV50 being less than 0.5. Pasture environments where the reactive phosphate rock was effective in the 1st year were: (i) those on sandy, humic or peaty podsols with an annual rainfall in excess of 850 mm; (ii) those on soils that experienced prolonged winter inundation and lateral surface flow; and (iii) tropical grass pastures in very high rainfall areas (>2300 mm) on the wet tropical coast on North Queensland. The highly reactive North Carolina phosphate rock became effective by the 4th year at sites in southern Australia where annual rainfall exceeded 700 mm, and where the surface soil was acidic [pH (CaCl2) <5.0] and not excessively sandy (sand fraction in the A1 horizon <67%) but had some phosphorus (P) sorption capacity. Sites that were unsuitable for reactive phosphate rock use in the medium term (up to 4 years at least) were on very high P-sorbing krasnozem soils or high P-sorbing lateritic or red earth soils supporting subterranean-clover-dominant pasture, or on lower rainfall (< 600 mm) pastures growing on soils with a sandy A1 horizon (sand component >84%). No single environmental feature adequately predicted reactive phosphate rock performance although the surface pH of the soil was most closely correlated with the year-4 SV50 (r = 0.67). Multiple linear regression analysis found that available soil P (0–10 cm) and the P sorption class of the surface soil (0–2 cm), together with annual rainfall and a measure of the surface soil"s ability to retain moisture, could explain about two-thirds of the variance in the year-4 SV50 . The results from this Project indicate that there are a number of specific pasture environments in the higher rainfall regions of Australia where North Carolina reactive phosphate rock can be considered as an effective substitute P fertiliser for improved pasture.

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