Relationships between carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield in winter wheat under well-watered and drought conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. ARAVINDA KUMAR ◽  
S. N. AZAM-ALI ◽  
J. W. SNAPE ◽  
R. M. WEIGHTMAN ◽  
M. J. FOULKES
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Dh Lines

SUMMARYThe association of carbon isotope discrimination of grain (Δ13C) with yield performance under rain-fed and well-watered conditions was analysed using a doubled-haploid (DH) winter wheat population, derived from the cross between cvars Beaver×Soissons, within field experiments at two site-seasons. The aim of this work was to quantify associations between Δ13C and yield responses to drought and to test effects of major genes (the semi-dwarf genes, Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, an awn suppressor gene, B1 and the 1BL.1RS wheat–rye chromosome translocation) segregating in the population for associations with Δ13C and drought performance. Carbon isotope discrimination, through its negative relationship with transpiration efficiency, may be used as a surrogate for this trait. Grain Δ13C was positively associated with grain yield under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions in each site-season and, overall, explained 0·34 of the phenotypic variation in grain yield amongst DH lines under drought and 0·14 under well-watered conditions. There was a positive association between specific leaf lamina N content (SLN) at anthesis and Δ13C under drought amongst DH lines in one site-season, suggesting higher SLN may confer increased stomatal conductance via higher photosynthetic capacity, hence increased grain Δ13C. Overall the Rht-D1b (semi-dwarf) lines had slightly higher Δ13C of grain (20·0‰) than the Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a (tall) group of lines (19·8‰). There were no significant differences between the Rht-B1b (semi-dwarf) or the Rht-B1b/Rht-D1b (dwarf) lines and the tall lines. Comparing their performance under irrigated and unirrigated conditions, the Rht groups of lines (Rht-B1b semi-dwarf, Rht-D1b semidwarf and dwarf and tall groups) responded no differently to drought for Δ13C. The Rht-D1b semi-dwarf lines had higher grain yield (9·50 t/ha) than the tall lines (8·76 t/ha), while the yield of the Rht-B1b semi-dwarf and dwarf lines did not differ significantly from the tall lines. In each site-season, the presence of the 1BL.1RS chromosome increased grain Δ13C (P<0·001), with an overall increase from 19·7‰ in the 1B lines to 20·0‰ in the 1BL.1RS lines (P<0·001). However, the 1BL.1RS and 1B lines responded similarly to drought. The effect of the presence/absence of awns on grain Δ13C was not statistically significant in either site-season. Overall, the present results show that Rht-D1b confers higher Δ13C and grain yield, and the 1BL.1RS translocation confers higher Δ13C. This implies that modern UK wheat cultivars may have lower water-use efficiency during the grain filling period than their predecessors, and therefore may require more water to fulfil their yield potential.

Genotype by environment interaction for grain yield and carbon isotope discrimination of barley in Mediterranean Spain

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Voltas ◽  
I. Romagosa ◽  
A. Lafarga ◽  
A. P. Armesto ◽  
A. Sombrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Crossover Point ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Isotope Discrimination

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been found to be either positively or negatively related to grain yield of small grain cereals when grown in contrasting environments. In order to clarify a possible association between grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Δ of mature kernels, five 6-rowed and five 2-rowed barley cultivars were evaluated in 22 rainfed environments of northern Mediterranean Spain. Analyses of variance suggested that the genotypic Δ values were more consistent across environments than the genotypic yields. Genotype×environment (G×E) interaction for grain yield was further explored by fitting an AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) model. The first 2 multiplicative axes were found significant. The AMMI2 model provided more accurate estimates of genotypic yields within environments than the conventional unadjusted means across replicates. AMMI2 estimates were used for input into cluster analysis, grouping environments that ranked genotypic yields similarly. Three major groups were obtained, with average yields of 2.42 t/ha (cluster I), 3.06 t/ha (cluster II), and 5.16 t/ha (cluster III). The genotypic ranking for Δ did not vary substantially across clusters, but it changed for grain yield. The average genotypic yields in the low-yielding cluster I ranked opposite to those in the high-yielding cluster III, suggesting the existence of a crossover point at an intermediate yield level. The association between grain yield and Δ for genotypic means within clusters was variable. In cluster I, yield and Δ tended to be negatively related, whereas they were positively related in clusters II and III. Genotypes with lower Δ, i.e. with higher transpiration efficiency, performed better in low-yielding environments (mostly those grouped in cluster I). On the contrary, a high genotypic Δ was of advantage in medium (cluster II) and high-yielding environments (cluster III). This observation supports the assumption that drought tolerance and high yield potential under non-limiting growing conditions may be antagonistic concepts in barley. Genotypic means for kernel number per m 2 and Δ were consistently and positively related within clusters, suggesting that a constitutively high Δ may have been driven by a large genotypic reproductive sink. The convenience of using Δ as a selection criterion in areas exhibiting a considerable G×E interaction for grain yield is discussed.

Carbon isotope discrimination of two-rowed and six-rowed barley genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhen Jiang, Dominique Roche ◽  
David J. Hole
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Yield Parameters

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been widely used to estimate the water-use efficiency (WUE) of C3 cereals including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Genetic lines of barley belong to two phenotypic classes for ear morphology, either two-rowed or six-rowed, a simply inherited trait. We tested the value of Δ as a predictor of grain yield and WUE for these two types of barley under different conditions of water availability. We also investigated if differences in plant morphology and yield parameters between these two types resulted in different carbon dynamics and different Δ values for grain, awn and flag leaf. We conducted field experiments for 3 consecutive years with genetic lines of both ear types in northern Utah and southeastern Idaho under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, including two line-source sprinkler experiments. Correlations between grain yield and Δ values of flag leaf, awn and grain were stronger in combined analyses across ear types than in analyses within two-rowed (2R) and six-rowed (6R) types. Nevertheless, we found that Δ of mature awns and grains were a good predictor of yield for both barley types under low to moderate water stress. However, Δ was not a reliable predictor for barley yield under severe water stress. Pearson’s correlations were used to test associations between Δ values and several yield parameters (heading date, above-ground dry matter, harvest index, grain mass per fertile tiller). Our data indicated that among the field-grown genetic lines tested, the two types of barley differed in Δ values for grain, awn and flag leaf. Values of Δ for 2R barley were usually lower, suggesting higher WUE, than those for 6R types. Fundamental differences in sink size or grain mass per fertile tiller between 2R and 6R cultivars probably have important consequences on carbon/water metabolism at the whole tiller level. Key words: Barley, carbon isotope discrimination, yield, awn, drought, irrigation

scholarly journals Carbon isotope discrimination and yield of upland rice as affected by drought at flowering

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1939-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRIZ DA SILVEIRA PINHEIRO ◽  
ROGER BRIAN AUSTIN ◽  
MARIA PEREIRA DO CARMO ◽  
MICHAEL ALAN HALL
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Isotope Discrimination

Field experiments involving upland rice genotypes, sown in various dates in late season, were carried out to assess the relationship of carbon isotope discrimination with grain yield and drought resistance. In each one of the three years, one trial was kept under good water availability, while other suffered water shortage for a period of 18-23 days, encompassing panicle emergence and flowering. Drought stress reduced carbon isotope discrimination measured on soluble sugars (deltas) extracted from stem uppermost internode at the end of the imposition period, but had relatively less effect on bulk dry matter of leaves, sampled at the same period, or that of uppermost internodes and grains, sampled at harvest. The drought-induced reduction in deltas was accompanied of reduced spikelet fertility and grain yield. In the three trials subjected to drought, genotypes with the highest yield and spikelet fertility had the lowest deltas. However, this relationship was weak and it was concluded that deltas is not a sufficiently reliable indicator of rice drought resistance to be useful as a screening test in breeding programs. On the other hand, grain yield and spikelet fertility of genotypes which were the soonest to reach 50% flowering within the drought imposition period, were the least adversely affected by drought. Then, timing of drought in relation to panicle emergence and to flowering appeared to be a more important cause of yield variation among genotypes than variation in deltas.

Relationship of grain yield with carbon isotope discrimination and ash content in lines derived from a bread wheat cultivar

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. TSIALTAS ◽  
I. S. TOKATLIDIS ◽  
E. TAMOUTSIDIS ◽  
I. XYNIAS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Relationship Of

The objective was to explore, in lines derived from a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, the association of grain yield with carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and ash content (Ash) determined in both flag leaf and kernel. Divergent selection within the cv. Nestos, based on individual plant yield under very low density (11547 plants/ha), produced 20 lines. Progeny evaluation was conducted in two sites of Northern Hellas (Greece) at both low (11547 plants/ha) and high (5000000 plants/ha) density. The results showed significant differences between lines for grain yield, Δ and Ash. However, only the conclusions on grain yield were similar in low and high density, perhaps because the selection criterion under low density was grain yield. This, combined with the lack of any strong relationship of grain yield with either Δ or Ash, failed to confirm the usefulness of these physiological traits as indirect selection criteria, when the within-cultivar variation for grain yield is exploited. The possible association of grain yield with Δ and Ash appeared to be influenced by various factors such as drought, level of grain yield and altitude. Results also showed that less plant-to-plant variability, as expressed by the coefficients of variation (CV) of single-plant yields, was associated with decreased drought response and higher yield stability. The less stressed lines were those that used water more conservatively till anthesis and maintained a high photosynthetic rate during grain filling.

Carbon Isotope Discrimination as a Surrogate of Grain Yield in Drought Stressed Triticale

2017 ◽  
pp. 603-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Munjonji ◽  
Kingsley Kwabena Ayisi ◽  
Bram Vandewalle ◽  
Geert Haesaert ◽  
Pascal Boeckx
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Discrimination

Transpiration effciency and its relationship with carbon isotope discrimination under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in Stylosanthes scabra

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala R. Thumma ◽  
Bodapati P. Naidu ◽  
Don F. Cameron ◽  
Len M. Bahnisch
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
High Degree

Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca is a widely sown tropical pasture legume in northern Australia and has a high degree of drought resistance. Identification of traits contributing to the drought resistance of Seca may be valuable for use in breeding programs. Transpiration efficiency (TE) has been suggested as one such trait contributing to drought resistance. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed for estimating TE indirectly in C3 plants. A glasshouse experiment was conducted using 8 accessions of S. scabra to identify whether Seca differs in TE from other accessions of S. scabra and to determine the relationship between TE and Δ under both well-watered and water-stressed treatments. Seca maintained the highest TE (lowest Δ) under both control and stress treatments, and leaf Δ was significantly and negatively correlated with TE under both control and stress conditions. A significant and negative relationship was found between Δ and dry matter production under stress treatment. The interaction between accession and watering treatment was not significant for either TE or Δ. We also found a signirficant agreement between the performance in the field and in the laboratory for these 8 accessions. These results indicate that TE could be one of the significant factors contributing to drought resistance of Seca. Furthermore, Δ and/or specific leaf area may be useful as selection criteria in breeding programs to identify the lines with high TE.

Stability of Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Grain Yield in Durum Wheat

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Merah ◽  
E. Deléens ◽  
I. Souyris ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
P. Monneveux
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Isotope Discrimination
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