Cotton responses to different light–temperature regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ROUSSOPOULOS ◽  
A. LIAKATAS ◽  
W. J. WHITTINGTON
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
High Light ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Temperature Regimes

A series of experiments investigating the interactive effects of light and temperature on vegetative growth, earliness, fruiting, yield and fibre properties in three cultivars of cotton, was undertaken in growth rooms. Two constant day/night temperature regimes with a difference of 4 °C (30/20 and 26/16·5 °C) were used throughout the growing season in combination with two light intensities (75 and 52·5 W m−2).The results showed that significant interactions occurred for most of the characters studied. Although the development of leaf area was mainly temperature-dependent, plants at harvest had a larger leaf area when high temperature was combined with low rather than with high light intensity. Leaf area was least in the low temperature–low light regime. However, the plants grown under the high temperature–low light combination weighed the least.Variations in the number of nodes and internode length were largely dependent on temperature rather than light. Light did, however, affect the numbers of branches, sympodia and monopodia. The first two of these were highest in the high light–high temperature regime and the third in the low light–low temperature regime.All other characters, except time to certain developmental stages and fibre length, were reduced at the lower light intensity. Variation in temperature modified the light effect and vice versa, in a character-dependent manner. More specifically, square and boll dry weights, as well as seed cotton yield per plant, were highest in high light combined with low temperature, where the most and heaviest bolls were produced. But flower production was favoured by high light and high temperature, suggesting increased boll retention at low temperature, especially when combined with low light. Low temperature and high light also maximized lint percentage.Fibres were shortest in the high temperature–high light regime, where fibre strength, micronaire index and maturity ratio were at a maximum. However, the finest and the most uniform fibres were produced when high light was combined with low temperature.Cultivar differences were significant mainly in leaf area and dry matter production at flowering.

scholarly journals Effects of light and temperature on lettuce seedlings.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Verkerk ◽  
C.J.T. Spitters
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
High Temperature Regime ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

In the first of 2 experiments lettuces were grown either under natural light conditions in the glasshouse in December and January or under 8- or 16-h daylengths, with several temperature regimes, and the leaf area per plant was measured after 22 and 45 days. Under natural light growth during the first 22 days was slight but subsequent growth was greatest with a light/dark temperature regime of 13/13 deg C, followed by one of 17/17 deg . With an 8-h day growth with diurnally changing temperatures was much greater than with constant ones, the best results being obtained with a regime of 25/17 deg . With a 16-h day the effect of diurnal temperature was much less marked and a constant high temperature regime of 21/21 deg gave better results than one of 25/17 deg . In the second experiment the plants were grown for 4 weeks under the same temperature regimes with 8- or 16-h daylengths, but the light intensity was varied by placing the plants at 2 vertical distances from the overhead lamps and all plants receiving a 16-h daylength were shaded by cheesecloth. The best results were obtained with a 16-h daylength with the plants placed close to the lamps; the effects of temperature were not so marked, but regimes of 25/17, 21/13 or 17/17 deg were the most satisfactory. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Environmental Influence on the Tolerance of Corn to Atrazine

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Peptide Conjugates ◽  
Before And After

Corn(Zea maysL.) in the two to three-leaf stage grown 18 to 21 days in a growth chamber under cold, wet conditions was injured by postemergence application of 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) plus emulsifiable phytobland oil. Injury was most severe when these plants were kept under cold, wet conditions for 48 hr after the herbicidal spray was applied, followed by exposure to high light intensity and high temperature. Under these growth chamber conditions, approximately 50% of the atrazine-treated plants died. Since wet foliage before and after application increased foliar penetration and low temperature decreased the rate of detoxication to peptide conjugates, atrazine accumulated under cold, wet conditions. This accumulation of foliarly-absorbed atrazine and the “weakened” conditions of the plants grown under the stress conditions is believed to be responsible for the injury to corn. Hydroxylation and the dihydroxybenzoxazin-3-one content in the roots were reduced at low temperature, but it is unlikely that this contributed to the death of the corn.

The tillering pattern in barley varieties: II. The effect of temperature, light intensity and daylength on the frequency of occurrence of the coleoptile node and second tillers in barley

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Q. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYControlled-environment experiments showed that development of the coleoptile node tiller (T1) was suppressed much more than that of the tiller appearing in the axil of the first true leaf (T2) by high temperature (24/15 °C; 19/10 °C; 10/6 °C), by reduced photoperiod (16 h; 12·5 h) or by low light intensity (1100 ft-c; 1000 ft-c), but minimally in the newest variety, Deba Abed. Unlike previous field experiments, the T1 tiller appeared on more Spratt Archer than Maris Badger plants. Maris Badger plants produced more T1 tillers in a high-low temperature regime (19/10 °C; 10/6 °C) than in continuous low temperature (10/6 °C). In a field experiment T1 tiller number (and yield), but not the number of other major shoots, were severely reduced by late sowing of Spratt Archer, progressively reduced in Maris Badger, but minimally in Deba Abed. This seemed to be associated with higher temperatures at later sowings.

Effect of heat stress during seed development and maturation on wheat (Triticum durum) seed quality. II. Mitochondrial respiration and nucleotide pools during early germination

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grass ◽  
J. S. Burris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Marzak and Oum-rabia wheat seeds were produced under three temperature regimes (20:15, 28:21, 36:29 °C) starting 10 d after anthesis through harvest. Nucleotide levels and respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from imbibing embryos were determined. Mitochondrial structure from the radicle meristem region of imbibed embryos was examined under electron microscopy. Embryos from low-temperature treatments showed rapid accumulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and higher energy levels and rates of oxygen uptake than embryos from high-temperature treatments. Embryos from medium-temperature treatments exhibited intermediate values. Parallel to these metabolic changes during early seed germination, results from electron microscopy revealed visible differences in mitochondrial structure. Mitochondria from the low-temperature regime were well developed with visible membranes and cristae; those from the high-temperature regime were degenerating. These results provide clear evidence of the influence of parent temperature conditions on the seed metabolism during early stages of germination. Key words: Embryo, mitochondria, nucleotide, oxygen uptake, vigor, wheat

scholarly journals Interaction of vernalization, photoperiod and light intensity in floral initiation of endive.

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
J.F. Harrington ◽  
K. Verkerk ◽  
J. Doorenbos
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Limited Period

Vernalization of germinating endive seed or of young endive plants hastened floral initiation, but at the expense of vegetative growth. High temperatures after vernalization promoted bolting. Long days hastened bolting in both vernalized and non-vernalized plants, again at the expense of vegetative growth. A limited period of short days immediately after sowing also promoted flowering, and it is suggested that such short-day treatment may act as a partial substitute for low temperature. High light intensity had a supplementary effect in promoting bolting but, in contrast to vernalization and long days, caused more rapid vegetative growth than low light intensity.-Lab. TuinbPl., Wageningen. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Glyphosate Activity in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Under Different Temperature Regimes and Light Levels

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
Stephen C. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Temperature Regime ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Temperature Regimes

The response of potato (Solanum tuberosumL. 'Superior’) to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at rates between 0.28 and 2.24 kg ae/ha was determined in four environments: 24/13 or 13/4 C temperature regimes with light levels of 650 ± 53 or 320 ± 45 μE · m−2· S−1. Light level did not affect phytotoxicity ratings or shoot fresh weight following glyphosate application. Greater phytotoxicity and reduced fresh weight accumulation were observed from glyphosate at rates above 0.56 kg/ha in a high-temperature regime than for comparable plants grown at low temperature. Studies of14C-glyphosate uptake and translocation indicated that the differences in phytotoxicity were due to less glyphosate absorption at low temperature and not a shift in distribution patterns within the plant.

Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Different Wheat Cultivars under High Light Intensity and High Temperature Stresses

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2196-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Li QI ◽  
Lin HU ◽  
Hai-Bin DONG ◽  
Lei ZHANG ◽  
Gen-Song WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Temperature Stresses

scholarly journals Effects of alkalinity and salinity at low and high light intensity on hydrogen isotope fractionation of long-chain alkenones produced by <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i>

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5693-5704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. Weiss ◽  
Eva Y. Pfannerstill ◽  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
Marcel T. J. van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract. Over the last decade, hydrogen isotopes of long-chain alkenones have been shown to be a promising proxy for reconstructing paleo sea surface salinity due to a strong hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity across different environmental conditions. However, to date, the decoupling of the effects of alkalinity and salinity, parameters that co-vary in the surface ocean, on hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones has not been assessed. Furthermore, as the alkenone-producing haptophyte, Emiliania huxleyi, is known to grow in large blooms under high light intensities, the effect of salinity on hydrogen isotope fractionation under these high irradiances is important to constrain before using δDC37 to reconstruct paleosalinity. Batch cultures of the marine haptophyte E. huxleyi strain CCMP 1516 were grown to investigate the hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity at high light intensity and independently assess the effects of salinity and alkalinity under low-light conditions. Our results suggest that alkalinity does not significantly influence hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones, but salinity does have a strong effect. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the fractionation responses to salinity recorded in alkenones grown under both high- and low-light conditions. Comparison with previous studies suggests that the fractionation response to salinity in culture is similar under different environmental conditions, strengthening the use of hydrogen isotope fractionation as a paleosalinity proxy.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of two tropical weeds to shade: I. Growth and biomass allocation

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schultz (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), two weeds found in pastures and crop areas in Brazilian Amazonia, were grown in controlled environment cabinets under high (800-1000 µmol m-² s-¹) and low (200-350 µmol m-² s-¹) light regimes during a 40-day period. For both species leaf dry mass and leaf area per total plant dry mass, and leaf area per leaf dry mass were higher for low-light plants, whereas root mass per total plant dry mass was higher for high-light plants. High-light S. cayennensis allocated significantly more biomass to reproductive tissue than low-light plants, suggesting a probably lower ability of this species to maintain itself under shaded conditions. Relative growth rate (RGR) in I. asarifolia was initially higher for high-light grown plants and after 20 days started decreasing, becoming similar to low-light plants at the last two harvests (at 30 and 40 days). In S. cayennensis, RGR was also higher for high-light plants; however, this trend was not significant at the first and last harvest dates (10 and 40 days). These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

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