Multivariate distributions for the life lengths of components of a system sharing a common environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 418-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis V. Lindley ◽  
Nozer D. Singpurwalla
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Parallel System ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Multivariate Distributions ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
The Common

In assessing the reliability of a system of components, it is usual to suppose the components to fail independently of each other. Often this is inappropriate because the common environment acting on all components induces correlation. For example, a harsh environment will encourage early failure of all components. A simple model that incorporates such dependencies is described, and several properties of this model investigated. Calculations are carried out for a parallel system of two components. Inequalities for multicomponent systems are suggested. The results generalize easily.

Multivariate distributions for the life lengths of components of a system sharing a common environment

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis V. Lindley ◽  
Nozer D. Singpurwalla
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Parallel System ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Multicomponent Systems ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Multivariate Distributions ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
The Common

In assessing the reliability of a system of components, it is usual to suppose the components to fail independently of each other. Often this is inappropriate because the common environment acting on all components induces correlation. For example, a harsh environment will encourage early failure of all components. A simple model that incorporates such dependencies is described, and several properties of this model investigated. Calculations are carried out for a parallel system of two components. Inequalities for multicomponent systems are suggested. The results generalize easily.

scholarly journals A Model of the International Monetary System*

2017 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Farhi ◽  
Matteo Maggiori
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Rate System ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Triffin Dilemma ◽  
World Supply

AbstractWe propose a simple model of the international monetary system. We study the world supply and demand for reserve assets denominated in different currencies under a variety of scenarios: a hegemon versus a multipolar world; abundant versus scarce reserve assets; and a gold exchange standard versus a floating rate system. We rationalize the Triffin dilemma, which posits the fundamental instability of the system, as well as the common prediction regarding the natural and beneficial emergence of a multipolar world, the Nurkse warning that a multipolar world is more unstable than a hegemon world, and the Keynesian argument that a scarcity of reserve assets under a gold standard or at the zero lower bound is recessionary. Our analysis is both positive and normative.

Peirce on facts, propositions, and the index

Semiotica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (228) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Richard Kenneth Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Common Environment ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Way

Abstract Peirce holds that our logic should be the basis for our metaphysics. He also thinks that facts and propositions are structurally isomorphic. However, unlike many theorists who take propositions such as snow is white and grass is green as their paradigmatic examples, Peirce takes it rains (Latin: pleurit) and similar propositions as his paradigmatic examples. I explore how his analysis of such propositions and the way in which they convey meaning becomes more complex from 1895 to 1909, how this impacts his metaphysics, and how he can claim that something like the common environment of two interlocutors can itself be an index.

Multivariate Lomax distribution: properties and usefulness in reliability theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Theory ◽  
Multivariate Distributions ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Lomax Distribution ◽  
Multivariate Generalization ◽  
Multivariate Lomax Distribution

A model incorporating the effect of a common environment on several components (structurally independent) of a system is developed. A multivariate generalization of the Lomax (Pareto type 2) distribution is obtained by mixing exponential variables. Its relationship to other multivariate distributions is discussed. Several properties of this distribution are reported and their usefulness in reliability theory indicated. Finally, a further generalization of this multivariate Lomax distribution is presented.

The Social and Cognitive Dynamics of Paradigmatic Change: A Scientometric Approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Paradigmatic Change ◽  
Citation Measures ◽  
Information Processing Approach

ArgumentKuhnian phases of paradigmatic development correspond to characteristic variations of citation measures. These correlations can in turn be predicted from a simple model of human information processing when applied to the common environments of scientists. By combining a scientometric and a human information processing approach to the history of scientific thought, structures of disciplinary development, and in particular paradigmatic cycles, can be more reliably assessed than before. Consequently, the quantitative historian of science is liberated to some extent from the vagaries of qualitative judgment, as exemplified by traditional narrative type approaches to the history of science.

scholarly journals A Stable and Indurative Superhydrophobic Film with Excellent Anti-Bioadhesive Performance for 6061 Al Protection

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5564
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Xinwen Zhang ◽  
Ruoyun Wang ◽  
Fei Long ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Harsh Environment ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Porous Framework ◽  
The Common

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted intensive attention in the antifouling field because of their excellent anti-bioadhesive performance and environmental friendliness. However, promising surfaces have met great challenges of poor mechanical robustness under harsh serving conditions. Herein, an organic-inorganic composite strategy, that the silane-modified TiO2 nanoparticles are compounded into the porous framework provided by the stable and indurative aluminum oxide film, is proposed to address the common serious problem in superhydrophobic surfaces. Different from the traditional superhydrophobic surfaces, this composite film possesses a ~18 μm thick layer which can provide strong support to silane-modified TiO2 nanoparticles. The resulting film can reserve superhydrophobicity to the surface even after a thickness loss of ~15 μm under continuous abrasion. At the same time, the results of the bacterial adhesive tests also verify that the film has the same long-term anti-bioadhesive performance. The film with superhydrophobicity, excellent anti-bioadhesive property, and stable robustness will make it a promising candidate for serving in a harsh environment, and the design concept of this film could be applied to various substrates.

A method to assess the environment for genetic studies: The common environment index and the household relationships interview

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saundra MacD Hunter ◽  
Peter A. Rosenbaum ◽  
Ingrid B. Borecki ◽  
Robert C. Elston ◽  
Gerald S. Berenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Environment ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Environment Index

Study on Performance of Normal and Compaction-Free Porous Concrete Permeable Base

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Sheng ◽  
Hai Bin Li ◽  
Bo Wen Guan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Strength ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vibration Compaction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Drainage Capacity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Drainage

Moisture damage is one of the main forms of early failure in the pavement. Water can be released from the road structure by setting porous concrete permeable base. The common construction technology for porous concrete is traditional vibration compaction, which is helpful for the strength formation of the base. However, it is unhelpful for the stability and smoothness of the base during the construction. In this study, compaction-free porous concrete (CPC) permeable base was proposed, which can not only satisfies both porosity and the structural strength, but also guarantees the stability and the smoothness of the base during construction. The performance of normal porous concrete (NPC) and CPC, such as strength, drainage capacity, shrinkage and frost resistance, were studied in the paper. The laboratory tests show that all of them have good performance. In addition, the field evaluations, such as strength, drainage capacity, deflection, smoothness of the base, were tested. The results show that both of NPC and CPC have good drainage capacity, and the strength of NPC is higher than CPC, but the smoothness of NPC is weaker than CPC.

Sleep and Dream Characteristics in Twins

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gedda ◽  
G. Brenci
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Common ◽  
Two Age Groups

A study of sleep and dream characteristics has been carried out by questionnaire on a sample of 77 MZ and 76 DZ same-sex twin pairs of two age groups, 6–8 and 16–18 years. Genetic effects could not be detected in the younger age group and appeared to be rather limited in the older one, possibly as a result of the limited variability of the considered variables and of the levelling influence of the common environment.

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