Estimation of illegal abortions

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Goodhart
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
Previous Conclusion ◽  
The Law ◽  
Opinion Polls

Figures published in the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (1967), and also for a population of known size in Aberdeen, confirm a previous conclusion, derived primarily from mortality statistics, that currently accepted estimates of 100,000 illegal abortions in Great Britain each year before the Abortion Act 1967 came into operation are much exaggerated. A National Opinion Polls estimate of 31,000 is also regarded as too high, and the Aberdeen data suggest that the true figure probably did not exceed 20,000. It is important to arrive at an accurate estimate for the proper assessment of the demographic and other effects of the change in the law. The Registrar General's figures for legal terminations during the first months' operation of the Act are discussed in a postscript.

Civil Liberties1

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
The Law ◽  
Parliamentary Supremacy

This chapter examines the changes in civil liberties in Great Britain during the twentieth century. It suggests that, for those 100 years, the law and practice of civil liberties have pulled in many directions at the same time. The doctrine of parliamentary supremacy gave Parliament the opportunity either to extend effective protection for rights or to interfere with them more extensively, and some rights, such as those derived from the idea of equality, have been advanced by Parliament.

The Law of Neutrality and State Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-87
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Frei
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Coherent State ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
State Practice ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
The Law

Chapter 3 explores how Great Britain applied and implemented its neutrality policy after 1870, building a coherent state practice based on its Foreign Enlistment Act. Several case studies from various conflicts after 1870 highlight the main areas of dispute between neutral Great Britain and belligerent powers, dealing with the sale of ships, coaling, contraband, and the destruction of ships. More broadly, the chapter shows the challenges which Great Britain faced in the application of its domestic legislation. It shows the important role of the Foreign Office and the Law Officers of the Crown in dealing with these matters, and how they shaped the understanding of neutrality more generally.

Some Notes on the Fusion of Life Assurance Funds

1966 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-252
Author(s):  
J. H. Kitton ◽  
J. M. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ultimate Control

The merger, a few years ago, of two large composite insurance company Groups brought together under one ultimate control three substantial life assurance funds each fully operative and transacting all types of ordinary life assurance and annuity business. Those three funds have now been fused together by the legal transfer of the life businesses of two of the companies in the Group to the parent company and, as this fusion seems to be the first of its kind which has been undertaken for many years, and certainly the first of such size in the life assurance history of Great Britain, it has been suggested that the operation is of sufficient interest to actuaries generally as to warrant the submission of a paper to a sessional meeting. We are, however, conscious of the fact that, whilst the operation may have added to our history as a practical application of the law and some of our principles, it has not added either to previous knowledge or to our technique. The law governing the operation has remained virtually unchanged since the comprehensive review of life company amalgamations by the late K. J. Britt in the paper he submitted to the Institute in April 1931 (J.I.A. 62, 276) and probably the whole of the technical aspects involved have been expounded by Redington in the masterful review of the principles of life office valuations which he submitted in April 1952 (J.I.A. 78, 286).

Service of Process in England on Overseas Companies and Article 5(5) of the Brussels Convention

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson E. Enonchong
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Common Law ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Brussels Convention ◽  
English Court ◽  
Natural Person ◽  
The Law ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Article 5 ◽  
A Company

It is generally accepted that, in actions in personam, the foundation of the court's jurisdiction at common law is the service of process.1 To this extent the rules as to service define the limits of the court's jurisdiction. So, for a claimant to establish the jurisdiction of the English court over an overseas company2 he must be able to serve process on the company in accordance with the rules of service. The general rule is that an overseas company, like an individual, may be served with process in England if present within the jurisdiction.3 However, since a company is only a legal (not natural) person, it cannot be present in the same way as an individual. It has therefore been necessary for special rules to be laid down by which it can be determined whether or not an overseas company is present in England and therefore may be served with process here. Before 1992 those rules were contained in sections 691 and 695 of the Companies Act 19854 (the pre-1992 regime). However, in 1992 the law was amended and a separate provision was laid down in section 694A of the Companies Act 1985 to regulate the service of process on any overseas company with a branch in Great Britain (the 1992 regime).

scholarly journals Sixth letter on voltaic combinations, addressed to Michael Faraday, Esq., D. C. L., F. R. S., Fullerian Professor of Chemistry in the Royal Institution of Great Britain, &c., by John Frederic Daniell, Esq., Foreign Sec. R. S., Professor of Chemistry in King’s College, London

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 384-384
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
King's College ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
The Law ◽  
Michael Faraday

The purport of this letter is to follow the consequences of the law of Ohm, and the expressions which result from it, relative to the electromotive force, and to the resistances in the course of a voltaic circuit; to apply this theory to the verification of the conclusions which the author had formerly deduced from his experiments; and to suggest additional experiments tending to remove some obsculities and ambiguities which existed in his former communications. In following out these principles, the author is led to offer various practical remarks on the different forms of voltaic batteries which have been proposed with a view either to the advancement of our theoretical knowledge of the science, or to the service of the arts. The author enters more particularly into an explanation of the principles on which the cylindric arrangement of the battery he has introduced is founded, which appear to him to have been greatly misunderstood. The formulæ and the calculations which form the body of this paper are not of a nature to admit of being reported in the present abstract.

Reorganization and Improvement of the Foreign Service

1924 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-777
Author(s):  
J. W. Garner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Law ◽  
Deep Interest

By an act of Congress passed at the last session the United States has followed the example of a number of European states since the war and provided for the reorganization of its foreign service. The act was passed after long discussion and it embodies recommendations made by various recent Secretaries of State, including Mr. Bryan, Mr. Lansing, Mr. Colby,and Mr. Hughes; by Mr Wilbur J. Carr, formerly Director of the Consular Service and now an Assistant Secretary of State; by the Hon. John W.Davis, former ambassador to Great Britain, and other persons interested in the reform of the foreign service. The author of the act was the Hon.John J. Rogers of Massachusetts, to whose deep interest and untiring zeal the passage of the law was mainly due.

scholarly journals On the temperature of steam, and its corresponding presure

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 960-960
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Law

In this paper, which is a continuation of a former paper bearing the same title, the author states that the law given in that paper, in reference to steam when superincumbent on the water in the boiler, may be rendered applicable to the determination of its pressure when insulated therefrom, as in the case of the expansive engine, of which the cylinder being in part filled with steam of the same temperature as that in the boiler, the communication is suddenly cut off, and the stroke is completed by the pressure on the piston of the steam whilst expanding within the cylinder. He considers that the power of expansive engines has been greatly overrated, instancing those of the Great Britain, which were of the estimated power of 1200 horses, but which he states he can prove did not exceed in actual power that of 300 horses. This he attributes to the inapplicability of Mariotte’s law without a particular limitation. Having premised that “it is assumed that, by nature’s law in the generation of steam, of the temperature 100° and of a pressure of 15 lbs. on a square inch, the density of the Matter of Heat, is to that of atmospheric air of the same temperature and pressure exactly as 1 to 2,” he then gives general laws, by means of which, he considers, the pressure of steam when cut oft from its generating source may be correctly estimated.

The Effects on Mortality of Recent Advances in Treatment

1948 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Conybeare
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Perfect Health ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Mortality statistics have now been available for the population of Great Britain for just over a hundred years and during this period there has been a steady and sustained decrease in mortality at all ages and in both sexes, though the extent of the decrease has been progressively less with increasing age.The main part of the improvement in mortality during the latter half of the nineteenth century was due to improvements in sanitation and hygiene and above all the provision, at any rate in cities, of a reasonably safe water supply. Cholera which occurred in severe epidemic form in London between 1832 and 1866 had disappeared completely well before the beginning of the twentieth century. The widespread epidemics of typhoid fever which occurred as a result of water supplies becoming contaminated with sewage ceased when adequate precautions were taken to safeguard the sources and transmission of water in cities. It is true that small and localized epidemics of typhoid still occur, but these are all found to be due to contamination of food or water by ‘typhoid carriers’. A recent epidemic in Wales, in which some 150 cases of typhoid occurred, was shown to have been caused by the eating of ice-cream which was handled and sold by a man in perfect health but who, following an attack of typhoid many years previously, had continued to pass virulent typhoid organisms in the stools. Fortunately the notification of cases of the disease enables the public health authorities rapidly to track down carriers in this type of epidemic.

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