GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT BASED ON FERTILITY AND MORTALITY DIFFERENTIAL INDICES OF NATURAL SELECTION IN NORTH-WEST AND EASTERN HIMALAYAN POPULATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-825
Author(s):  
Krishan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
North West ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Total Selection

SummaryThere is contradictory evidence of having fewer live births and higher embryonic mortality among high-altitude populations than their counterparts at lower altitude. This study explores the geospatial differences in selection intensities among human populations living in different ecological settings. Reproductive data from post-menopausal women were collected from 75 women from near Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, at an altitude of 2150 m above sea level and 100 women from Jind, Haryana, at an altitude of 227 m. Secondary data were taken from 85 women from the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh at an average altitude of 3420 m. A comparison of the study data was made with similar data from different populations living in the western and eastern Himalayas. The total selection intensity index based on Johnston and Kensinger’s index was highest in Shimla and lowest in Kinnaur. The fertility selection component was highest in Shimla and lowest in Kinnaur. The prenatal mortality contribution to the total selection was highest in Shimla (30.76%) and lowest in Kinnaur (2.14%), while the contributions of normalized postnatal mortality were 16.39% and 57.80% in Shimla and Kinnaur, respectively. The fertility component of selection was higher than the mortality component in Shimla, while in the other two places the reverse was observed. Hypoxic conditions at high altitude seem to have little effect on the fertility and embryonic mortality rates of indigenous people. The geospatial differences in the selection intensities may be due to differences in ethnic, behavioural ecology, environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors.

Investigating Occupation Wise Perception of Customers Towards Access to Cooperative Banking Services

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Andotra ◽  
Tarsem Lal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Cooperative Banks ◽  
Secondary Information

The present paper aims at investigating the occupation-wise perception of customers towards access to cooperative banking services. The study is both expressive and evaluative in nature. In order to investigate the perception of customers towards access to cooperative banking services, both primary and secondary data has been collected. The primary data have been collected from 540 customers of cooperative banks operating in three northern states of India i.e J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab. The technique of factor analysis has been used through SPSS (version 17.00) with Principal Component Analysis along with varimax rotation for summarisation of the total data into minimum factors. Secondary information was collected from published sources i.e books, journals, files, cooperative bulletins, organizational reports, annual drafts of Planning and Statistical Department (Government of J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Punjab), RBI reports, magazines, and Internet. ANOVA has been applied for data analysis. The results of the study shows that there exits significant means difference between perception of customers towards access to Cooperative banking service.

Genetic evidence of shared ancestry among diverse ethno-linguistic human populations of Himachal Pradesh

Gene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 145373
Author(s):  
Abhishek Singh ◽  
Vivek Sahajpal ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Malay Shukla ◽  
Kailash Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Shared Ancestry

scholarly journals Dynamics of natural selection in two generations (on the example of the population of the Kirovograd region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
K. K. Kovleva ◽  
N.A. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Total Selection

Aim. In connection with the success of modern medicine, the pressure of natural selection in various civilized human populations is weakening, which leads to the accumulation of a genetic load. The purpose of this work was to trace the change in the intensity of natural selection among population of the Kirovograd region in two successive generations. Methods. The collection of material was carried out in 2020 and 2021. Anonymous questionnaires were conducted and medical histories of women of post-reproductive age of the Kirovograd region were studied. The first generation included 40 women born in 1937–1959; the second generation consists of 273 women born in 1960–1981. Results. The total selection index was 0.27 in the first generation, and 0.37 in the second generation. The percentage of women who have not had pregnancies increased from the first generation to the second from 2.5 to 3.7, respectively. Conclusions. The index of total selection in the Kirovograd region population for one generation increased by almost one and a half times (from 0.27 to 0.37), as well as the index of differential fertility (from 0.25 to 0.35). Keywords: reproductive characteristics, Kirovograd population, Crow's index, selection, generations.

scholarly journals Occurrence of high altitude cerebral edema (hace) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPO) simultaneously at 12000 ft: a rare phenomen

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
T. K. Rath ◽  
L. C. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude Cerebral Edema ◽  
Rapid Ascent ◽  
Male Sex

High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPO) are the most dreaded complications related to high altitude. Authors managed a case of HACE and HAPO simultaneously set at unusually low height (1200 ft) in a patient. The altitude was not too much to develop these comorbidities as studied earlier. Relationship with altitude was immaterial in our case. However, rapid ascent without proper acclimatisation, young and tender age, male sex and smoking were associated contributing factors. He was managed with standard protocol and descent to lower altitude.

scholarly journals High-altitude Pulmonary Hypertension: an Update on Disease Pathogenesis and Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aibek E. Mirrakhimov ◽  
Kingman P. Strohl
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Heart Catheterization ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Low Oxygen Concentration

High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) affects individuals residing at altitudes of 2,500 meters and higher. Numerous pathogenic variables play a role in disease inception and progression and include low oxygen concentration in inspired air, vasculopathy, and metabolic abnormalities. Since HAPH affects only some people living at high altitude genetic factors play a significant role in its pathogenesis. The clinical presentation of HAPH is nonspecific and includes fatigue, shortness of breath, cognitive deficits, cough, and in advanced cases hepatosplenomegaly and overt right-sided heart failure. A thorough history is important and should include a search for additional risk factors for lung disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH) such as smoking, indoor air pollution, left-sided cardiac disease and sleep disordered breathing. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and echocardiography can be used as screening tools. A definitive diagnosis should be made with right-sided heart catheterization using a modified mean pulmonary artery pressure of at least 30 mm Hg, differing from the 25 mm Hg used for other types of PH. Treatment of HAPH includes descent to a lower altitude whenever possible, oxygen therapy and the use of medications such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase 5 blockers, fasudil and acetazolamide. Some recent evidence suggests that iron supplementation may also be beneficial. However, it is important to note that the scientific literature lacks long-term randomized controlled data on the pharmacologic treatment of HAPH. Thus, an individualized approach to treatment and informing the patients regarding the benefits and risks of the selected treatment regimen are essential.

Effect of natural radionuclide’s in the environment along the Jwalamukhi thrust of Himachal Pradesh, North West Himalayas, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Thakur ◽  
Reetika Bhadwal ◽  
Jitender Kumar ◽  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Rohit Mehra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
North West

Spatiotemporal change of water level in ungauged high-altitude tropical lakes: a DInSAR approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Palomino-Ángel ◽  
Raúl F. Vázquez ◽  
Henrietta Hampel ◽  
Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo ◽  
Pablo V. Mosquera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Water Level Change ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Water Level Changes ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
High Altitude Lake ◽  
Lake Systems

<p>Spatiotemporal characteristics of physical responses of lakes to external and environmental changes are still largely unknown due to the consistent lack of monitoring of water level and corresponding changes in water storage in lakes. Understanding these changes is a fundamental step in advancing regional management of natural and anthropogenic systems that depend on the water resources of lakes. As an illustrative example, we here report a case study involving lakes of the headwater topical Andes mountain range, which, despite guaranteeing water security to millions of downstream inhabitants, still remain significantly ungauged. We present a novel evaluation of the potential of Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar DInSAR techniques for the spatiotemporal analysis of patterns of water level change in lakes such as the ones comprising these ungauged high-altitude lake systems. Time series of Sentinel-1B data for the years 2017 and 2018 were used to generate continuous interferograms representing water level changes in twenty-four lakes of the Cajas National Park, Ecuador. The relation of these water level changes with climatic and topographical factors were analyzed to validate the methodology, and determine any patterns of change and response to climatic drivers. We found relatively high Pearson correlation coefficients between regional precipitation and water level change as estimated from the interferograms. Furthermore, we found an important negative relationship between water level change, as obtained from the DInSAR phase, and lake surface area. The study revealed a spatial trend of this correlation in terms of the altitude of the lakes at the basin scale; that is, lower correlation values were found in the headers of the basins, whilst higher correlation values were found at lower basin altitudes. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of DInSAR techniques based on Sentinel-1 data for the monitoring of hydrologic changes in open water surfaces, and the possible validation of the DInSAR results with precipitation when gauged water level data is missing. These results are a basis to propose monitoring strategies in ungauged high-altitude lake systems in regions with similar data gauging constraints. Future work will encompass the integration of ongoing water level gauging for further validation of the herein depicted lake water level estimation approach.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document