THE BAIGAS OF MADHYA PRADESH: A DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. REDDY ◽  
B. MODELL
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Menarche Age

This paper outlines the demographic characteristics of the Baiga tribe, one of the most primitive of the aboriginal tribal groups of Central India. The Baiga population has grown steadily since the first anthropological study of the tribe in the 1930s. Age at menarche, age at marriage, breast-feeding, and time interval between marriage and first conception are natural. There are more females than males. Sub-tribe endogamy is common; consanguineous marriage is favoured (34% of marriages are between first cousins) and marital distance is low (mean 7·1 km). Though the mean menarcheal age is high (15·2 years), mean age at first marriage is low (16·6 years), giving a long reproductive period.

scholarly journals Reproductive behaviour in women in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 517-521
Author(s):  
T. Kazerooni ◽  
A. R. Talel ◽  
A. Sadeghi Hassanabadi ◽  
M. M. Arasteh ◽  
J. Saalabian
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Age At Menopause ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Mean

Data on the reproductive behaviour of women in Shiraz are presented. A total of 9934 randomly selected women aged >/= 35 years of all socioeconomic levels were interviewed. The mean age at menarche +/- standard deviation was 13.96 +/- 1.23 years, mean age at first marriage was 17.10 +/- 4.24 years and mean age at first pregnancy was 19.50 +/- 3.90 years. The mean number of children was 4.56 +/- 1.70 children, although for illiterate women it was 6.76 +/- 1.76 children and for high-school or university-educated women it was 3.36 +/- 1.70 children. The mean age at menopause was 47.80 +/- 3.78 years

scholarly journals Demystifying the Effects of Age at Marriage and Age at First Birth on Completed Family Size in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkuye Moyo ◽  
Tina Nanyangwe-Moyo ◽  
Xiaochun Qiao ◽  
Jilei Wu ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Completed Family Size

The link between age at marriage and first birth in explaining completed family size is not always direct, due to heterogeneity in circumstances, that compel individual women to marry or initiate childbearing at a particular age. We analyzed data for 1020 women aged 45-49 in 2014 of the 1965-1969 birth cohort from the 2013-14 ZDHS. We fitted a bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression to establish the effect of mother’s age at first marriage and at first birth on completed family size (CFS). Chi-square test of proportions measuring differences in proportions and relative risk ratios (RRR) with confident intervals at 95% are reported. Our results show that the average CFS was 6.7 (95% CI: 6.5 – 6.9) among women completing their reproductive span in 2014 with mean age at first marriage and birth being 18.3 years (95% CI: 18.0 – 18.5) and 18.9 years (95% CI: 18.7 – 19.1) respectively. Women marrying at younger ages and having their first birth at younger ages were more likely (RRR: 0.262; 95% CI:0.126-0.547 and RRR: 0.176; 95% CI:0.068-0.497 respectively) to have higher CFS than their compatriots that initiated both marriage and childbearing at or after age 22. Having no education, being a rural resident and having a medium household wealth all increased the risk of having higher CFS. Women that marry before age 19 have a higher likelihood of having 6 or more children by the end of their reproductive period. The study concludes that apart from a woman’s age at first marriage and first birth, a complex network of factors interact to determined CFS.

scholarly journals Measuring Independent and Controlled Effects of Age at Marriage and Age at First Birth on Completed Family Size among women aged 45-59 in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkuye Moyo ◽  
Tina Nanyangwe-Moyo ◽  
Xiaochun Qiao ◽  
Jilei Wu ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Completed Family Size

Background The link between age at marriage and first birth in explaining completed family size is not always direct, due to heterogeneity in circumstances, that compel individual women to marry or initiate childbearing at a particular age. We analyzed data for 1020 women aged 45-49 in 2014 of the 1965-1969 birth cohort from the 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). Methods We fitted a bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression to establish the relationship between a mother’s age at first marriage and at first birth on completed family size (CFS). Chi-square test of proportions measuring differences in proportions and relative risk ratios (RRR) with confidence intervals at 95% are reported. Results Our results show that the average CFS was 6.7 (95% CI: 6.5 – 6.9) among women completing their reproductive span in 2014 with mean age at first marriage and birth being 18.3 years (95% CI: 18.0 – 18.5) and 18.9 years (95% CI: 18.7 – 19.1) respectively. Women marrying at younger ages and having their first birth at younger ages were more likely (RRR: 1.187; 95% CI: 1.138-1.239 and RRR: 0.195; 95% CI: 0.074-0.511 respectively) to have higher CFS than their compatriots that initiated both marriage and childbearing at or after age 22 controlling for covariates as presented in the controlled model. The independent effects model shows that the risk of having 1-3 children compared to 6 or more children was lower (RRR: 0.073; 95% CI: 0.009-0.611; RRR: 0.136; 95% CI: 0,046-0.402 and RRR: 0.421; 05% CI: 0.135-1.312) for women whose ages at first marriage were <15, 15-18 and 19-21 respectively relative to 22+. Women with 1-3 children were 2.5 times more likely to use contraception than women with 6 or more children. Conclusion Having no education, being a rural resident and having a medium household wealth all increase the risk of having higher CFS. Women that marry before age 19 have a higher likelihood of having 6 or more children by the end of their reproductive period. The study concludes that apart from a woman’s age at first marriage and first birth, a complex network of factors interact to determined CFS.

AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE IN NEPAL: DIFFERENTIALS AND DETERMINANTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIKA RAM ARYAL
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Right Censoring ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
High Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Rural Nepal

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to investigate the differentials and determinants of female age at first marriage in rural Nepal. The life table technique was employed to calculate median age at marriage. The proportional hazard model was used to study the effect of various socioeconomic variables, and to identify the magnitude and significance of their effects on the timing of first marriage. The data were taken from a sample survey of Palpa and Rupandehi districts in rural Nepal. Both married and unmarried females of marriageable age were included in the survey. Median age at marriage was about 17 years for data from only married females, whereas it was about 18 years for data from married as well as unmarried females of marriageable age. Median age at marriage was about 16 years for uneducated females and 19 years for females educated up to intermediate or higher level. The analysis underestimates the median age at marriage for married females, probably due to right censoring. The risk of getting married early decreased gradually with increasing year-of-birth cohort. The risk of early marriage was higher among females of high socioeconomic status compared with those of low socioeconomic status. Females engaged in service married earlier than those engaged in household work. High socioeconomic status families are motivated, for religious and prestige reasons, to get their daughters married at an early age, preferably before menarche. Thus, education, occupation and age at menarche are the most powerful factors in deciding the timing of first marriage in Nepal.

scholarly journals Reproductive period and risk of dementia in a diverse cohort of health care members

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (17) ◽  
pp. e2005-e2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Catherine Lee ◽  
Maria M. Corrada ◽  
Claudia H. Kawas ◽  
Charles P. Quesenberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Life Course Health ◽  
Large Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Menarche Age

ObjectiveWomen have >50% greater lifetime risk of dementia than men but the role of female-specific endocrine milieu is not well-understood. This study evaluates associations between indicators of estrogen exposure from women's reproductive period and dementia risk in a large diverse population.MethodsWe evaluated 15,754 female members (29.9% nonwhite) of Kaiser Permanente with clinical examinations and health survey data from 1964 to 1973 and were members as of January 1, 1996. In midlife (mean age 51.1 years), women reported age at menarche and menopause and hysterectomy status. Reproductive span was calculated as menopause age minus menarche age. Dementia diagnoses were abstracted from January 1, 1996 to September 30, 2017 medical records (mean age at start of dementia follow-up 76.5 years). Cox proportional hazard models evaluated associations between aspects of reproductive span and dementia risk adjusting for demographics and life course health indicators.ResultsForty-two percent of women developed dementia. Compared to menarche at age 13.0 (mean menarche age), menarche at ≥16 was associated with 23% greater dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.50) adjusting for demographics and life course health indicators. Natural menopause at age <47.4 (mean menopause age) was associated with 19% elevated dementia risk (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07–1.31). Reproductive spans <34.4 years (mean duration) were associated with 20% elevated dementia risk (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.08–1.32). Hysterectomies were associated with 8% elevated dementia risk (HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.16).ConclusionIn this large prospective cohort study, endocrine events signaling less estradiol exposure (i.e., later age at menarche, younger age at menopause, shorter reproductive span, and hysterectomies) were associated with elevated risk of dementia.

scholarly journals Differentials in Female Age at Marriage in Pakistan: Have they Changed or Not?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Aneel Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage

Age at marriage is an important factor to study the marriage patterns of a country because of strong relationship between age at first marriage and childbearing. In this study, effects of one major socio-cultural factor female education and place of residence have been illustrated. The present study attempted to find differentials in female age at marriage in Pakistan since Pakistan has begun to face early demographic transition since 90’s. The investigation of differentials in female age at marriage in this study is generally based on data analysis of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2006-07. While comparative analysis also discussed in a separate section with findings of PDHS, 2012-13. The age at first marriage of women lived in major urban areas seemed to carry with them the influence of the urban lifestyle and are also influenced by the educational enrollment opportunities.

Age at marriage in Sri Lanka: stabilizing or declining?

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
Age At First Marriage

SummaryOver the last four decades in Sri Lanka, age at first marriage for males increased marginally, and for females it rose considerably, but there has been no recent increase in female age at marriage. Among the younger cohorts, estimated ages at which some married indeed show a declining mean age at marriage. Coale-McNeil estimates indicate that there is no real decline in female age at marriage in Sri Lanka. Marriages were delayed as a result of economie hardship or increased mortality to the mid-1970s, but once the overall economy improved after 1977, more marriages took place. Female age at marriage in Sri Lanka remained slightly below 24 years, the age which is anticipated by younger cohorts, and this level is likely to persist for some time.

The age of Roman Girls at Marriage: Some Reconsiderations

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 28-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent D. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Types

The age at which girls tend to marry is one of the most important factors in determining the overall rates of fertility in a given population, and hence its general demographic profile. It also affects a whole range of social institutions of reproduction, above all the ‘shape’ of the family, the relationships between the mother and her children, between husband and wife, and the ways in which property can be redistributed through inheritance. It is the simple and restricted purpose of this paper to re-examine the data that have hitherto been used to determine the age at marriage of girls in Roman society. For the purposes of this study, ‘Roman society’ is defined as the conglomerate of urban-centred communities that developed in Europe west of the Adriatic, as well as in the lands of the Danubian Basin. It is conceded that family types and modes of family formation in the eastern parts of the empire were different from those in the west, and therefore require separate analysis. In performing this task, the analysis presented here also attempts to demonstrate the highly specific nature of the set of data employed in the ‘age-at-marriage’ debate, and to question its relevance to the age at first marriage of most girls in the western Roman empire. Having demonstrated the limited validity of these data, I shall then suggest another method that might usefully be employed to approach the problem. Finally, to complete the argument, a series of hypotheses will be advanced that seek to link the range and modes of age at first marriage of girls of various status groups and classes to other social and economic factors in the Roman world.

scholarly journals Correlates and Consequences of Delayed Marriage in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Abdul Shukur Abdullah ◽  
Nai Peng Tey ◽  
Irwan Nadzif Mahpul ◽  
Nur Airena Aireen Azman ◽  
Rosdiana Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Malaysian Population ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Multiple Classification Analysis ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
Cross Tabulation

This paper aims to examine the correlates of age at first marriage and the consequences of late marriage. Data for this paper were drawn from the 2014 Malaysian Population and Family Survey. Simple cross-tabulation and multiple classification analysis were used for the analysis. Age at marriage of women varied across socio-economic groups. Among the ethnic groups, the Other Bumiputera entered marriage earliest, followed by the Malays, Indians and Chinese. Age at marriage was positively associated with urbanisation, educational level, and women’s autonomy in marriage. The assumption of modern norms and ideas, and escalating cost of marriage are important determinants of marriage postponement. Late marriage has a direct impact on demographic outcomes, resulting in ultra-low fertility for some groups of the population. Marriage postponement has positive socio-economic outcomes for individuals. However, postponing marriage beyond the prime reproductive age may result in some reproductive health problems.

scholarly journals Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage from Retrospective Data: A Multiregional Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Espenshade
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Never Married ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Age At First Marriage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

In this paper the author applies the framework of multiregional population analysis to marital status changes as revealed by longitudinal retrospective data on marital histories collected as part of the June 1975 Current Population Survey supplement. Four marital statuses are used: never married, presently married, divorced, and widowed. Marital status life tables are computed for three periods: 1960–1965, 1965–1970, and 1970–1975, and, for each period, differences between males and females and between whites and blacks are described. We examine the proportion of a life-table cohort ever marrying, the mean age at first marriage, the number of marriages per person marrying, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce, the average duration of a marriage (or a divorce, or a widowhood), and the like.

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