The Transition in Household Energy Use for Cooking in India: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey

This article seeks to assess the transition in household energy use for cooking in India based on data from two rounds of the India Human Development Survey in 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. In this study, we have used the multinomial logistic regression and Multiple Classification Analysis conversion model to assess the transition in household energy use according to the socio-economic characteristics of households. Our findings suggest that although the transition from solid fuel to clean fuel is universal across households, it is greater among the socio-economically better-off households than their poorer counterparts. The use of solid fuel for cooking was more prevalent among the socio-economically disadvantaged households than among their socio-economically better-off counterparts in both 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. Convergence in clean cooking fuel use across the households can be possible only when socio-economically disadvantaged households progress faster than their already better-off counterparts. JEL Codes: B5, C23, D31, I3, Q5

Effect of Constructivist Instructional Strategy on Students Achievement in Secondary School Mathematics Curriculum in Rivers State, Nigeria

The study examined effect of constructivist strategy on students Achievement in Senior Secondary Mathematics in Rivers State. The research was guided by three research questions and corresponding hypotheses. The population is all the thirty four thousand, one hundred and sixty eight (34,168) of all Senior secondary II (SS11) students in Rivers State during the 2018/2019 Academic year. A sample size of 280 students in four intact classes were selected through purposive sampling technique. Two of each of the classes were used as experimental and control groups. Non randomized pre-test, post test control group design was used for the study. Instrument used for the study was Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) made up of 25 items drawn from simple statistics and Lesson Packages. The instrument was validated by experts and reliability coefficient of the instrument was obtained through test-retest method. The scores obtained were subjected to Pearson product moment correlation coefficient analysis and the result yielded 0.82. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), Mean and Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) were used in analyzing the data. Findings reveals that constructivist strategy was more effective in facilitating students achievement in Mathematics than expository method. The result did not show a significant difference in students’ achievement in Mathematics in terms of gender and school type. The study therefore recommended among others the use of constructivist strategy in the teaching and learning of Mathematics in schools.

Correlates and Consequences of Delayed Marriage in Malaysia

This paper aims to examine the correlates of age at first marriage and the consequences of late marriage. Data for this paper were drawn from the 2014 Malaysian Population and Family Survey. Simple cross-tabulation and multiple classification analysis were used for the analysis. Age at marriage of women varied across socio-economic groups. Among the ethnic groups, the Other Bumiputera entered marriage earliest, followed by the Malays, Indians and Chinese. Age at marriage was positively associated with urbanisation, educational level, and women’s autonomy in marriage. The assumption of modern norms and ideas, and escalating cost of marriage are important determinants of marriage postponement. Late marriage has a direct impact on demographic outcomes, resulting in ultra-low fertility for some groups of the population. Marriage postponement has positive socio-economic outcomes for individuals. However, postponing marriage beyond the prime reproductive age may result in some reproductive health problems.

Sustainable Development and Rural Tourism in Depopulated Areas

The high degree of depopulation in certain areas of Spain is a serious threat to the country, and is aggravated by the ongoing loss of population from those areas. Rural tourism is one of the activities that can help prevent this depopulation. However, to successfully promote such tourism, we must consider the elements that have the greatest influence on tourists when they choose one location over another, or one accommodation over another. Extensive data have been collected from 1658 valid surveys of tourists in one of the most depopulated areas of Spain. Several multivariate techniques were then applied to the data, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA). Factors were obtained that identified both the different motivations that influence tourists, and the variables that identify the province based on its image. An analysis was then made of how both the variables thus identified the influence of the formation of the image that tourists take away from the visit. Tourists are most strongly motivated by natural landscapes, monuments, or events of cultural interest, i.e., natural and cultural attractions rather than social ones, and the cognitive image has the greatest influence on the formation of the new image. The principal findings of this research are that the future of many of these depopulated areas depends on successfully promoting both their beautiful landscapes and their cultural heritage, as well as developing and improving the areas themselves so that the depopulation is slowed down or even reversed, to the benefit of the local population. This would also benefit the local and regional authorities and the establishments linked to rural tourism in the area, increasing their profits and raising the level of employment in the province.

Analisis Pengaruh Kepadatan Penduduk Dan Jumlah Lansia Terhadap Kasus Kematian Akibat Covid-19 di Provinsi DKI Jakarta Menggunakan Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) adalah virus yang menyebabkan penyakit Covid-19. Di Indonesia, jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi positif Covid-19 sudah lebih dari 1,7 juta orang dengan jumlah kasus kematian mencapai 49 ribu orang. DKI Jakarta merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan kasus kematian akibat Covid-19 tertinggi di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepadatan penduduk dan jumlah penduduk lansia terhadap jumlah kasus kematian akibat Covid -19 di DKI Jakarta. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) dengan unit observasi sebanyak 267 kelurahan yang berada di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan penduduk dan jumlah penduduk lansia berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap jumlah kasus kematian akibat Covid-19 di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Semakin tinggi kepadatan penduduk maka jumlah kematian akibat Covid-19 cenderung meningkat. Begitu juga dengan jumlah penduduk lansia, semakin tinggi jumlah penduduk lansia, maka jumlah kasus kematian akibat Covid-19 juga cenderung meningkat.

PERBANDINGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA DI INDONESIA SEBELUM DAN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19

Since Covid-19 arrived in Indonesia, all policies have been carried out to stop the spread of this virus, one of which is the PSBB. The impact of the PSBB is felt by the drastic increase in the number of unemployed in Indonesia. Using Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA), this research was conducted in order to see the condition of the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) in each province in Indonesia between before and during the pandemic, and to find out the factors that influenced it. The results show that both before and after the pandemic, provinces with an HDI below the national figure led to higher TPT. The growth rate of GDRP and UMP has a different effect between before and during the pandemic. Other results also show that before the pandemic, UMP had the greatest influence on TPT. But after the pandemic, the one that had the biggest impact was HDI.

Identification of factors that differentiate motor vehicles that have experienced wear or failure of brake system components during the warranty service period

The paper focuses on issues related to selected automotive brakes with the aim of applying the proposed methodology to other structural systems of this type. The main aim of the paper is to identify the factors that differentiate the course of wear and occurrence of a fault in brake system components of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles during the warranty service period. The following methods were used in this study: systematic literature review, process analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics, including analysis of variance and multiple classification analysis. As a result of an analysis of 295 brake system repairs, six differentiating factors that allowed for ex post analysis of the repairs were identified. An analysis of the interaction of these factors made it possible to distinguish three groups of motor vehicles depending on the cause of failure of the braking system. Based on the data generated in the warranty process, it is possible to determine the factors that differentiate the occurrence of a fault and the course of brake disc and pad wear.

Amino Acid Metabolomic Profiles in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells under Essential Amino Acid Restriction

Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in culture are a useful model for elucidating mammary gland metabolism and changes that occur under different nutrient disponibility. MECs were exposed to different treatments: 100% EAA for 8 h and 24 h restriction (R); 2% EAA for 8 h and 24 h R; 2% EAA for 8 h and 24 h + 100% EAA for 8 h and 24 h restriction + re-feeding (R + RF). Western blotting and protein quantification was performed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) software identified the amino acids (AAs) and signaling pathways. The chi-squared test, multiple classification analysis, and analysis of variance were used for the purification and identification of data. Intracellular casein levels were not affected. The KEGG analysis revealed that the important pathways of metabolism of AAs, which were involved in processes related to metabolism and biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan (fumarate, acetyl-CoA, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle), were affected by both R and R + RF treatments, mainly through the glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase-2 enzyme. Additionally, metabolic processes mediated by the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and asparagine synthase proteins positively regulated the carbohydrate pathway, pyruvate, and TCA cycles, as well as the metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (carbohydrate and TCA cycle). We hypothesized that MECs have the capacity to utilize alternative pathways that ensure the availability of substrates for composing milk proteins.

Risk factors for tooth loss with a mean follow-up period of 13.9 years in supportive periodontal therapy patients

Background Clinical evidence indicates that there are various risk factors of tooth loss. However, the degree of this risk among other risk factors remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, the authors evaluated the hazard ratios of several risk factors for tooth loss. Methods Included patients had all been treated for dental disorders, were in the supportive phase of periodontal therapy by dental hygienists, and visited a Japanese dental office continually during a 10-year period. Periodontal parameters, tooth condition, and general status of all teeth (excluding third molars) at the initial visit and at least 10 years later were evaluated by using multiple classification analysis. Results The authors evaluated a total of 7584 teeth in 297 patients (average age: 45.3, mean follow-up time: 13.9 years) Non-vital pulp was the most significant predictor of tooth loss according to Cox hazards regression analysis (hazard ratio: 3.31). The 10-year survival rate was approximately 90% for teeth with non-vital pulp and 99% for teeth with vital pulp. Fracture was the most common reason for tooth loss. Conclusions Non-vital pulp had the most significant association with tooth loss among the parameters. Therefore, it is very important to minimize dental pulp extirpation.

Evaluation of Sex and Age Influence on Plagiarism as Academic Dishonest Behaviour among Postgraduate Students of Federal Universities in South-South Zone of Nigeria

The study investigated evaluation of sex and age influence on plagiarism as academic dishonest behaviour among postgraduate students of federal universities in South-South, Nigeria. The study which is a survey research, involved a multi-stage stratified random sampling technique of 440 males and 490 females from 3 universities and 3 faculties of the same universities in South-South, Nigeria. The sample was selected through a stratified random sampling approach. The study adopted frequencies, percentages, factor analysis and multiple classification analysis statistical tools. A questionnaire developed and validated by the researcher titled: "Academic Dishonest Behaviour Questionnaire (ADBQ") with Cronbach coefficient alpha reliability of 0.83 was used for data collection. Two research questions and one hypothesis were formulated for the study. The findings indicated that the students used for this study were involved in Sex and Age influence on plagiarism aspect of academic dishonest behaviours. Generally, there is a significant influence of age on plagiarism as academic dishonest behaviour among students. Male students show a positive inclination toward plagiarism on academic dishonest behaviour than their female counterparts while on the other hand, ages 20-24years, show more culpability than other ages. It is therefore recommended among others that there should be synergy among stakeholders in the educational process to fight this menace of Plagiarism.