139. A Comparison between Blood Meal and Wheat Gluten as a Supplement to a Low-Protein Diet for Dairy Cows

1936 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Low Protein

1. A ration for dairy cows which supplied less protein than the recognized protein standards for milk production and contained less lysine than most rations normally used in English farming practice was selected. A comparison was then made between cows receiving this ration supplemented with (a) wheat gluten, a lysine-poor protein, and (b) blood meal, a lysine-rich protein. The addition of blood meal produced no measurable effect on the milk yields, but there was a small and almost significant advantage in the live weights of the cows.2. In a subsidiary experiment a large increase in the dietary protein produced a very small and non-significant increase in milk yield.

scholarly journals Insulin-like growth factor-I, but not growth hormone, is dependent on a high protein intake to increase nitrogen balance in the rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Sanchez-Gomez ◽  
Kjell Malmlöf ◽  
Wilson Mejia ◽  
Antonio Bermudez ◽  
Maria Teresa Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Igf I

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of dietary protein level on the protein anabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Female growing rats were fed on either a high- or a low-protein diet with crude protein contents of 222 and 83 g/kg respectively. The diets contained the same amount of metabolizable energy (15·1 MJ/kg) and were given during a 14 d period. During the same time, three groups of rats (n 8) on each diet received subcutaneous infusions of either saline, recombinant human GH (rhGH) or recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I). rhGH and rhIGF-I were given in doses of 360 and 500 μg/d respectively. The low-protein diet alone reduced significantly (P < 0·05) IGF-I concentrations in serum and in tissue taken from the gastrocnemius muscle as well as IGF-I mRNA from the same muscle. The responses to rhGH and rhIGF-I in terms of muscle IGF-I and its mRNA were variable. However, when rhIGF-I was infused into rats on the high-protein diet, significantly elevated levels of IGF-I in muscle tissues could be observed. This was associated with a significantly (P < 0·05) increased N balance, whereas rhGH significantly (P < 0·05) enhanced the N balance in rats on the low-protein diet. Thus, it can be concluded that the level of dietary protein ingested regulates not only the effect of IGF-I on whole-body N economy but also the regulation of IGF-I gene expression in muscles. The exact mechanism by which GH exerts its protein anabolic effect, however, remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Serum metabolites associated with dietary protein intake: results from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) randomized clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M Rebholz ◽  
Zihe Zheng ◽  
Morgan E Grams ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
Mark J Sarnak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
P 16

ABSTRACT Background Accurate assessment of dietary intake is essential, but self-report of dietary intake is prone to measurement error and bias. Discovering metabolic consequences of diets with lower compared with higher protein intake could elucidate new, objective biomarkers of protein intake. Objectives The goal of this study was to identify serum metabolites associated with dietary protein intake. Methods Metabolites were measured with the use of untargeted, reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry quantification in serum specimens collected at the 12-mo follow-up visit in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study from 482 participants in study A (glomerular filtration rate: 25–55 mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2) and 192 participants in study B (glomerular filtration rate: 13–24 mL · min−1 · 1.73 m−2). We used multivariable linear regression to test for differences in log-transformed metabolites (outcome) according to randomly assigned dietary protein intervention groups (exposure). Statistical significance was assessed at the Bonferroni-corrected threshold: 0.05/1193 = 4.2 × 10−5. Results In study A, 130 metabolites (83 known from 28 distinct pathways, including 7 amino acid pathways; 47 unknown) were significantly different between participants randomly assigned to the low-protein diet compared with the moderate-protein diet. In study B, 32 metabolites (22 known from 8 distinct pathways, including 4 amino acid pathways; 10 unknown) were significantly different between participants randomly assigned to the very-low-protein diet compared with the low-protein diet. A total of 11 known metabolites were significantly associated with protein intake in the same direction in both studies A and B: 3-methylhistidine, N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine, xanthurenate, isovalerylcarnitine, creatine, kynurenate, 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-16:0/20:4), 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE (P-18:0/20:4), 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (P-16:0/20:4), sulfate, and γ-glutamylalanine. Conclusions Among patients with chronic kidney disease, an untargeted serum metabolomics platform identified multiple pathways and metabolites associated with dietary protein intake. Further research is necessary to characterize unknown compounds and to examine these metabolites in association with dietary protein intake among individuals without kidney disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03202914.

scholarly journals Low-protein diet prevents tissue lipoprotein lipase activity increase in growing rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boualga ◽  
M. Bouchenak ◽  
J. Belleville
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Epididymal Fat

The time course of changes in tissue lipolytic activities was studied in young rats during the consumption of a low-protein diet containing 50 g protein/kg (40 g wheat gluten +10 g casein/kg) for 28 d followed by balanced refeeding with 200 g protein/kg (160 g wheat gluten +40 g casein/kg) for 28 d. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were compared with the values of a control group fed a balanced diet containing 200 g protein/kg for 56 d. At the end of protein malnutrition period, the epididymal fat tissue LPL activity represented 36 %, and that of heart and gastrocnemius was 44 %, of those of the control group. These differences were accompanied by lower serum- and VLDL-triacylglycerols (TAG), respectively 47·6 % and 31 % of the control group values, probably resulting from reduced synthesis of VLDL-apolipoproteins (29 % of control group values), concomitant with liver lipid accumulation (4·8-fold) and little lipid storage in epididymal fat tissue. At day 2 of refeeding, there was no significant difference in liver and epididymal fat tissue LPL activities between experimental and control rats. At the end of the refeeding period, LPL activity of epididymal fat and liver lipolytic activity had increased and became similar to control group values. The consumption of a low-protein diet prevented the increase in extrahepatic LPL activities as observed in the control group. The alterations in LPL activity suggest that a low-protein diet limits lipid storage in adipose tissue due to reduced serum VLDL-TAG availability.

scholarly journals Peri-conception and first trimester diet modifies reproductive development in bulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Copping ◽  
M. D. Ruiz-Diaz ◽  
C. S. Rutland ◽  
N. P. Mongan ◽  
M. J. Callaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testis Development ◽  
Low Protein

Nutritional perturbation during gestation alters male reproductive development in rodents and sheep. In cattle both the developmental trajectory of the feto–placental unit and its response to dietary perturbations is dissimilar to that of these species. This study examined the effects of dietary protein perturbation during the peri-conception and first trimester periods upon reproductive development in bulls. Nulliparous heifers (n = 360) were individually fed a high- or low-protein diet (HPeri and LPeri) from 60 days before conception. From 24 until 98 days post conception, half of each treatment group changed to the alternative post-conception high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost) yielding four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design. A subset of male fetuses (n = 25) was excised at 98 days post conception and fetal testis development was assessed. Reproductive development of singleton male progeny (n = 40) was assessed until slaughter at 598 days of age, when adult testicular cytology was evaluated. Low peri-conception diet delayed reproductive development: sperm quality was lowered during pubertal development with a concomitant delay in reaching puberty. These effects were subsequent to lower FSH concentrations at 330 and 438 days of age. In the fetus, the low peri-conception diet increased the proportion of seminiferous tubules and decreased blood vessel area in the testis, whereas low first trimester diet increased blood vessel number in the adult testis. We conclude that maternal dietary protein perturbation during conception and early gestation may alter male testis development and delay puberty in bulls.

scholarly journals Brief dietary protein dilution using carbohydrate rich drink protects from kidney ischemia and reperfusion injuries trough IGF-1

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Emsley ◽  
T Agius ◽  
D Macabrey ◽  
A Faivre ◽  
S Déglise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Kidney Ischemia

Abstract Objective Lifelong low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets extend lifespan in rodent. Consistently in human, the administration of oral carbohydrate drinks the day before surgery might improve clinical outcome. However, the fundamental questions of what represents a macronutritionally balanced diet, and how this impact surgical stress remain unanswered. Methods Here, we induced dietary protein dilution by giving mice ad libitum access to 50% sucrose water, without any food restriction. Mice were randomized into four regimens: regular diet (17,6 % protein, Ctrl), and a low protein diet (5.6% protein, LP), with or without high sucrose water (50% sucrose) for 7 days. At the end of the preconditioning, calorimetric data, fasting blood glucose, IGF1, glucose tolerance, and finally resistance to renal failure following a bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion was evaluated. Results We demonstrate that access to carbohydrate drinks promotes dietary protein restriction despite a total caloric intake that was twice higher. This short-term self-restriction in daily protein, independent of caloric intake, improved insulin sensitivity, reduced serum triglyceride, and enhanced mitochondrial respiration as well as energy expenditure. Importantly, a 7-day pre-conditioning protein dilution regimen promotes recovery following kidney ischemia and reperfusion (IRI), a model of surgical stress. This protection from kidney IRI inversely correlated with pre-operative protein intake, but not carbohydrate or fat. The benefit of a low protein, high-carbohydrate regimen was independent of the protein sensing pathway eIF2α/ATF4, NRF2 and hydrogen sulfide, but instead required Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) downregulation. Conclusion These results support further clinical studies of a low protein diet combined with carbohydrate drinks prior to surgery.

Lack of correlation between milk glucose concentrations and rates of milk production in the rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray R. Grigor ◽  
Janet M. Carrington ◽  
Peter G. Arthur ◽  
Peter E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein

SummaryConcentrations of lactose, α-lactalbumin (α-la), glucose and glucose-6-phosphate were measured in milk obtained from rats under conditions where the rates of milk production varied from 0 to 2·6 g/h. In the milk from rats fed a low protein diet where milk production was 0·9 g/h, the concentration of α-la was 1·5 mg/ml, being significantly lower than that in the milk of control rats at 2·9 mg/ml and where the rate of milk production was 2·6 g/h. No differences were detected in the glucose concentrations. When rats were fed restricted amounts of the control diet and where milk production varied from 0 to 1·7 g/h during the course of the day, no differences in the concentrations of either α-la or glucose were detected. These results suggest that considerable caution must be used in interpreting the significance of milk glucose in the rat.

scholarly journals Specific adaptation of gastric emptying to diets with differing protein content in the rat: is endogenous cholecystokinin implicated?

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Shi ◽  
V Leray ◽  
C Scarpignato ◽  
N Bentouimou ◽  
S Bruley des Varannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Time Course ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Low Protein

Background—Recent studies indicate that gastric emptying may be influenced by patterns of previous nutrient intake. Endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK), whose synthesis and release can be affected by dietary intake, has a major role in the regulation of gastric emptying.Aims—To evaluate the influence of diets with differing protein content on gastric emptying of differing liquid test meals and plasma CCK levels in the rat and to check whether the inhibitory effect of exogenous CCK on gastric emptying is modified after long term intake of diets with differing protein content. Methods—Rats were fed for three weeks with high protein, medium protein (regular), or low protein diet. On day 22 gastric emptying of a peptone meal was studied. In addition, basal and postprandial CCK levels after the different dietary regimens were measured by bioassay. The time course of dietary adaptation was studied and its specificity assessed through the use of different (peptone, glucose, and methylcellulose) test meals. The effect of exogenous CCK-8 on gastric emptying was studied at the end of the adaptation period (three weeks).Results—Feeding the animals with a high protein diet for three weeks resulted in a significant (p<0.05) acceleration (by 21.2 (8.2)%) of gastric emptying while feeding with a low protein diet was followed by a significant (p<0.05) delay (by 24.0 (6.2)%) in the emptying rate. When the time course of the effect of dietary adaptation on gastric emptying was studied, it appeared that at least two weeks are required for dietary protein to be effective. The regulatory effect of dietary protein on gastric emptying proved to be dependent on meal composition. Only the emptying rate of a protein containing meal (40% peptone) was significantly modified by previous dietary intake. No significant (p>0.05) changes were observed with glucose and methylcellulose meals whose emptying rates were similar in rats receiving a high protein or low protein diet. A peptone meal strongly and significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma CCK levels in rats fed a medium protein (regular) diet. Results were similar in rats receiving a low protein diet (p<0.05) but not in rats on a high protein diet (p>0.05). As a consequence, postprandial plasma levels of CCK in rats fed with a medium or low protein diet were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in rats receiving a high protein diet. In rats on high and low protein diets, dose response curves to CCK-8 were virtually identical, suggesting that dietary protein intake has no influence on the effect of exogenous CCK.Conclusions—These results clearly show that gastric emptying of a protein containing meal can be modified by previous dietary protein intake. This effect, which is time dependent and meal specific, may be related to changes in endogenous CCK release which will affect emptying rate. While the exact mechanisms underlying this adaptive response need to be studied and clarified further, these results emphasise the importance of dietary history in the evaluation and interpretation of gastric emptying data.

Effect of Dietary Protein Restriction on the Development of Renal Failure after Subtotal Nephrectomy in Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. El-Nahas ◽  
H. Paraskevakou ◽  
S. Zoob ◽  
A. J. Rees ◽  
D. J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subtotal Nephrectomy ◽  
Low Protein

1. We have examined the effect of a low protein diet on the development of glomerular sclerosis and progressive renal failure after subtotal nephrectomies in rats. 2. Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied after five-sixths nephrectomy; group 1 were maintained on a normal diet (13.5 g day−1 kg−1 body weight) and group 2 were fed with a low protein diet (6 g day−1 kg−1 body weight). 3. Rats maintained on a low protein diet survived for longer, and had significantly less glomerular sclerosis and significantly greater glomerular filtration rates when the experiment ended after 7 months. 4. We conclude that dietary protein influences favourably the development of glomerular scarring and renal failure after subtotal nephrectomy in rats.

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