scholarly journals Interruption of machine milking in dairy cows: effects on intramammary pressure and milking characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Pfeilsticker ◽  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Ejection Rate ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Milking Machine

SUMMARYExperiments were designed to test the hypothesis that milk ejection rate decreases during milking, thereby causing insufficient refill of the cistern and decreasing milk flow rate towards the end of milking. In a first series of experiments machine milking of the left front quarters of 11 cows was interrupted for 2 min after removal of 25, 50 or 75% of expected total milk yield, while milking was continued in the other three quarters. Milk flow was recorded during machine-on times. Intramammary pressure (IMP) was recorded during premilking teat stimulation and during interruption of milking. IMP during interruption of milking decreased with decreasing amounts of milk remaining in the udder. The IMP did not change during these interruptions when they occurred after 25 and 50% of expected total milk yield was removed. Thus, the ejection rate could keep up with the milk flow or removal rate. However, IMP increased during interruption of milking following removal of 75% of total yield, although significantly so only in cows with a high milk flow rate. Obviously, more milk was removed than was transported to the cisternal cavity. It is likely that a reduced ejection rate caused the decreased milk flow rate. In a second series of experiments the pulsation ratio of the milking machine was changed from the usual 70:30 to 50:50 with the aim of reducing the milk flow rate and thus adapting to the ejection rate at the end of milking. The changed pulsation ratio caused a reduced peak flow rate and a prolonged high milk flow period, whereas the main flow rate did not change significantly.

scholarly journals Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by Lactocorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Strapák ◽  
Peter Antalík ◽  
Iveta Szencziová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by LactocorderThe aim of this work was to evaluate chosen milk flow characteristics of Holstein dairy cows, using mobile electronic milk flow meters - Lactocorders. A total of 181 Holstein dairy cows were evaluated and divided according to parity, lactation stage and bimodality in order to carry out a detailed comparison of measured milkability traits. The average total milk yield was 11.98±3.41 kg per milking with an average milk flow rate of 2.52±0.75 kg min-1 and a maximum milk flow rate of 3.94±1.30 kg min-1. The total milk yield showed positive correlations with the average milk flow rate (r = 0.48; P<0.001) and also with the maximum milk flow rate (r = 0.32; P<0.001). More than 47% of milk flow curves were classified as bimodal. Bimodality was positively correlated with the duration of the incline phase (r = 0.73; P<0.001) and negatively correlated with the quantity of milk obtained during the first minute of milking (r = -0.34; P<0.001). In relation to the lactation stage - the highest average milk flow rate was reached by Holstein dairy cows at the beginning of the lactation (up to 100 days in milk), and in relation to parity - the highest milk flow rates were measured in second-lactation dairy cows.

scholarly journals Pre-milking mechanical teat stimulation and milking performance of dairy buffaloes in early lactation

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Francesco Maria Tangorra ◽  
Stefania Leonardi ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
Nicola Rota ◽  
Paolo Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Automatic Removal

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of pre-milking mechanical teat stimulation on milk yield and milking performance of dairy buffaloes in early lactation. For this purpose, twenty-two healthy Italian Mediterranean buffaloes in their first to third lactation and in early lactation (<120 days in milk) were subjected to two treatments of teat stimulation: i) washing of the teats with water for about 5 s and attaching of the milking unit within 60 s, without any pre-milking massage (farm milking routine); ii) fast pulsation (FP), achieved by increasing pulsation rate to 120 pulsations per min during the first 60 s after application of teat cups. Each treatment lasted for 10 days and the following parameters were measured: milk yield (kg/milking), milk yield at 2 min after unit attachment (kg), time between milking unit attachment and its automatic removal (min), peak milk flow rate (kg/min), and milking time to reach peak flow rate (min). The average milk flow rate (kg/min) was calculated by dividing milk yield by the actual milking time. Milk yield was not affected by mechanical pre-stimulation and during the first 2 min of milking 20.2% and 19.6% of total milk yield were milked respectively when treatments 1 and 2 were applied. The time elapsed from attachment of the milking cluster until its automatic removal was less than 8 min both for buffaloes subjected to FP, and for buffaloes subjected just to washing of the teats before attaching the milking unit. FP stimulation did not show an enhancing effect on peak and average milk flow rates and on milking time to reach peak flow rate.

The influence of the milk ejection reflex on the flow rate during the milking of ewes

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Labussière ◽  
J. Martinet ◽  
R. Denamur
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Milk Ejection Reflex ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
The Individual

SummaryIn order to obtain more information on the importance of the milk ejection reflex in the lactation of normal ewes, experiments were conducted to determine whether the neuroendocrine reflex is able to modify the parameters which characterize the flow rate of the milk under normal milking conditions.Ewes were allowed to suckle their lambs freely during the 3 days following parturition. They were then milked with a machine and the individual milk production was measured volumetrically at each milking. Different fractions obtained during milking (‘machine milk’, ‘machine strippings’ and ‘hand strippings’), and the milk flow, were measured using a sensitive recording system. In further experiments, machine milking was performed after intravenous administration of oxytocin, during general anaesthesia, and after unilateral or bilateral denervation of the mammary gland.The ewes fell into 2 categories: those giving most of their milk in 1 rapid emission, and those giving it in 2 quite separate emissions. The results indicated that the second emission found in some of the ewes was the milk emptied from the acini by the neuroendocrine ejection reflex. Disappearance of the second emission resulted from the administration of oxytocin before milking—which induces passage of the milk from the acini into the mammary cistern—and also from general anaesthesia or denervation of the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Quarter milk flow patterns in dairy cows: factors involved and repeatability

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tancin ◽  
A.H. Ipema ◽  
D. Peskovicova ◽  
P.H. Hogeverf ◽  
J. Macuhova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk

The objectives of our study were to describe the variation of quarter milk flow parameters and to determine the factors that affect these parameters the most. Additionally, repeatabilities (r<sub>2</sub>) of the quarter milk flow traits (duration of milk flow, time to reach peak flow, peak flow rate, and duration of milk flow in single phases &ndash; increase, plateau, decline and blind phase) were calculated. Repeatability of total milk yield and milk yield in single phases was calculated, too. The data from 39 Holstein cows, in their first to third lactation and free of clinical mastitis, were used for statistical analysis. A total of 1 656 curves of quarter milk flows were recorded during six consecutive days. At the last evening and morning milking samples of milk from each quarter were collected for determination of somatic cell count (SCC). Peak flow rate, quarter position, time of milking (morning and evening) and SCC significantly affected most of the measured traits. The highest r2 were for total milk yield and yield of plateau phase 0.53 and 0.50, resp. The lowest r2 were calculated for the duration of increase phase, and milk yield of the increase and blind phase 0.26, 0.12 and 0.21, resp. Peak flow rate, SCC, time of milking and front-rear position influenced the values of r2 of traits to various extent.

scholarly journals The first observation of milkability of the sheep breeds Tsigai, Improved Valachian and their crosses with Lacaune

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mačuhová ◽  
M. Uhrinčať ◽  
J. Mačuhová ◽  
M. Margetín ◽  
V. Tančin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electronic Recording ◽  
Milk Level ◽  
Suitable Potential

The aim of this study was to evaluate the milkability of two purebred breeds Tsigai (TS, <i>n</i> = 14) and Improved Valachian (IV, <i>n</i> = 15), their crosses with Lacaune 50% TS × 50% LC (<i>n</i> = 13), 50% IV × 50% LC (<i>n</i> = 9) and purebred Lacaune (LC, <i>n</i> = 19). The measurements of the milk flow were performed on day 90 ± 10 of lactation during evening machine milking. The recording of milk flow was carried out by the equipment for graduated electronic recording of milk level in a jar in one-second intervals. The milk flow curves were classified into four types: 1 peak (1P), 2 peaks (2P), plateau I (maximal milk flow over 0.4 l/min (PLI)), plateau II (maximal milk flow less than 0.4 l/min (PLII)). The last two types refer to ewes with steady milk flow during milking. Udder morphology traits were measured (cisternal depth, teat angle) and subjectively assessed by the use of linear scores (cistern depth, teat position). The average total milk yield was 0.335 ± 0.043, 0.392 ± 0.042, 0.407 ± 0.042 l in purebred TS, IV, LC resp. and 0.397 ± 0.046, 0.434 ± 0.056 l in crosses TS × LC and IV × LC, resp. The frequency of occurrence of different types of milk flow /1P:2P:PLI:PLII/ was 27, 47, 22, 4%, resp. The highest milk yield was observed in ewes with PLI (0.481 ± 0.045 l), followed by 2P (0.401 ± 0.029 l) and 1P (0.293 ± 0.036 l) type of milk flow curve (<i>P</i> = 0.0112). An opposite effect was observed in the percentage of machine stripping yield where 1P had 41.94 ± 3.83%, 2P 21.29 ± 3.04% and PLI 15.90 ± 4.70% (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). LC and TS × LC, IV × LC had the more horizontal teat position than TS and IV. It can be supposed that at least during around 69% milkings the sheep released oxytocin in response to machine milking and that TS, IV and their crosses with LC also have a suitable potential for machine milking.

scholarly journals Cisternal milk in the dairy cow during lactation and after preceding teat stimulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Pfeilsticker ◽  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Total Milk

SummaryExperiments were designed to determine the cisternal milk during machine milking in unfamiliar surroundings, which has previously been shown to inhibit milking-related oxytocin (OT) release and milk ejection. The first experiment was performed with 22 cows in early, mid and late lactation. After cisternal milk was removed, 10 i.u. OT were twice injected intravenously to remove the remaining milk. Total milk yield, cisternal milk yield, cisternal milk fraction (17 and 12% in early and late lactation) and the milk yield obtained in response to the first OT injection significantly decreased from early to late lactation. Cisternal milk yield was similar in front and rear udder halves. However, owing to higher total yield, the cisternal milk fraction was lower in rear than in front halves. Cisternal milk yield and cisternal milk fraction were smaller in primiparous than in older cows. In a further experiment milk distribution in the bovine udder was evaluated after preceding teat stimulation and milk ejection. Teats of 12 cows were manually stimulated for 1 min at 15, 60 or 120 min before milking. Total milk yield was not significantly different with or without teat stimulation. However, cisternal milk yield and fraction were significantly higher in teat stimulated cows than in unstimulated controls but were similar whether cows were stimulated 15, 60 or 120 min before milking.

Investigation of correlations and milking parameter distribution on cattle farms in eastern Croatia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
P. Mijić ◽  
I. Knežević ◽  
M. Baban ◽  
M. Domaćinović ◽  
D. Rimac
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Parameter Distribution ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cattle Farms

Recently secondary cattle selection traits have been given more attention in developed cattle breeding countries in establishing a selection index. In this way, milking traits have acquired a prominent place. This paper aimed to determine coefficients of correlation and regression between a number of milking traits, that could be helpful in establishing a selection index for breeding bulls and their dams. A further goal was to determine the distribution of milking parameters. The data of 303 Holstein Friesian and 235 Simmental cows were analysed.  The results showed that in both cow breeds correlations existed between milk yield and average milk flow (0.39 and 0.49), as well as between milk yield and milking time (0.53 and 0.35). Negative correlations were found between average milk flow and milking time (-0.49 and -0.56). For the Holstein Friesian breed, 67.0% of the cows had a total milk flow in the range of 1.61 to 3.60 kg/min, whereas in the Simmental breed 72.2% of the cows had a total milk flow of 2.40 kg/min.  The milk flow rate can be indirectly affected by selecting cows with higher milk production. The definition of an optimal milk flow rate and the determination of breeding goals for milking traits will lead to faster progress in milking trait improvement and an easier choice of quality breeding bulls and dams.

Effects of Milking Methods on Milk Yield, Milk Flow Rate, and Milk Composition in Cow

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. p9765
Author(s):  
Anand Mishra ◽  
Shailendra Khatri ◽  
Sanjeet Kumar Jha ◽  
Shamshad Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Flow

532. The relationship between mastitis and the method of stripping after machine milking

1954 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Neave ◽  
T. M. Higgs ◽  
D. Simpkin ◽  
J. Oliver ◽  
F. H. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Partial Vacuum

At the end of normal machine milking some milk, which cannot be removed unaided even by the most efficient milking machine, remains in the udder sinus. This milk, often some 10% of the total yield depending upon the age of the cow, udder shape, partial vacuum of the milking machine and teat-cup liner design, was formerly most frequently removed by hand. As a result of advice and encouragement farmers are rapidly changing to manipulation of the teat-cups, known as machine stripping. This practice has renewed interestin the old controversy about the effect of the method of stripping on udder health.

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