scholarly journals Pre-milking mechanical teat stimulation and milking performance of dairy buffaloes in early lactation

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Francesco Maria Tangorra ◽  
Stefania Leonardi ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
Nicola Rota ◽  
Paolo Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Automatic Removal

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of pre-milking mechanical teat stimulation on milk yield and milking performance of dairy buffaloes in early lactation. For this purpose, twenty-two healthy Italian Mediterranean buffaloes in their first to third lactation and in early lactation (<120 days in milk) were subjected to two treatments of teat stimulation: i) washing of the teats with water for about 5 s and attaching of the milking unit within 60 s, without any pre-milking massage (farm milking routine); ii) fast pulsation (FP), achieved by increasing pulsation rate to 120 pulsations per min during the first 60 s after application of teat cups. Each treatment lasted for 10 days and the following parameters were measured: milk yield (kg/milking), milk yield at 2 min after unit attachment (kg), time between milking unit attachment and its automatic removal (min), peak milk flow rate (kg/min), and milking time to reach peak flow rate (min). The average milk flow rate (kg/min) was calculated by dividing milk yield by the actual milking time. Milk yield was not affected by mechanical pre-stimulation and during the first 2 min of milking 20.2% and 19.6% of total milk yield were milked respectively when treatments 1 and 2 were applied. The time elapsed from attachment of the milking cluster until its automatic removal was less than 8 min both for buffaloes subjected to FP, and for buffaloes subjected just to washing of the teats before attaching the milking unit. FP stimulation did not show an enhancing effect on peak and average milk flow rates and on milking time to reach peak flow rate.

scholarly journals Quarter milk flow patterns in dairy cows: factors involved and repeatability

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tancin ◽  
A.H. Ipema ◽  
D. Peskovicova ◽  
P.H. Hogeverf ◽  
J. Macuhova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk

The objectives of our study were to describe the variation of quarter milk flow parameters and to determine the factors that affect these parameters the most. Additionally, repeatabilities (r<sub>2</sub>) of the quarter milk flow traits (duration of milk flow, time to reach peak flow, peak flow rate, and duration of milk flow in single phases &ndash; increase, plateau, decline and blind phase) were calculated. Repeatability of total milk yield and milk yield in single phases was calculated, too. The data from 39 Holstein cows, in their first to third lactation and free of clinical mastitis, were used for statistical analysis. A total of 1 656 curves of quarter milk flows were recorded during six consecutive days. At the last evening and morning milking samples of milk from each quarter were collected for determination of somatic cell count (SCC). Peak flow rate, quarter position, time of milking (morning and evening) and SCC significantly affected most of the measured traits. The highest r2 were for total milk yield and yield of plateau phase 0.53 and 0.50, resp. The lowest r2 were calculated for the duration of increase phase, and milk yield of the increase and blind phase 0.26, 0.12 and 0.21, resp. Peak flow rate, SCC, time of milking and front-rear position influenced the values of r2 of traits to various extent.

Influence of milk flow rate and streak canal length on new intramammary infection in dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Grindal ◽  
Andrew W. Walton ◽  
J. Eric Hillerton
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mastitis Control

SummaryEighteen cows with a wide range of quarter peak flow rates (0·35–2·22 kg/min) were inoculated with Streptococcus agalactiae and Str. dysgalactiae 4 mm into each streak canal every 3 d for 12 d. Thirty of the 72 quarters developed intramammary infection. Mean peak flow rate and length of streak canal of those quarters that became infected were 1·26 ± 0·08 kg/min (mean ± SEM) and 11·47 ± 0·41 mm respectively, compared with 1·01 ± 0·05 kg/min and 12·05 ± 0·35 mm for those that remained uninfected. Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of infection increased significantly with the increase in peak flow rate (P = O·O1). The influence of streak canal length on new infection, after allowing for the effect of peak flow rate, was not significant at the 5% level (P = 0·07), suggesting that there may be an inverse relationship between teat duct length and infection, but that it is of secondary importance to peak flow rate. If increased mass of milk distends the teat duct by raising intramammary pressure, then quarter susceptibility to infection is further compromised. These results strongly suggest that the benefits of reduced infection from mastitis control, achieved despite dramatic increases in milk flow rate and milk yield, are significantly underestimated.

scholarly journals Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by Lactocorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Strapák ◽  
Peter Antalík ◽  
Iveta Szencziová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by LactocorderThe aim of this work was to evaluate chosen milk flow characteristics of Holstein dairy cows, using mobile electronic milk flow meters - Lactocorders. A total of 181 Holstein dairy cows were evaluated and divided according to parity, lactation stage and bimodality in order to carry out a detailed comparison of measured milkability traits. The average total milk yield was 11.98±3.41 kg per milking with an average milk flow rate of 2.52±0.75 kg min-1 and a maximum milk flow rate of 3.94±1.30 kg min-1. The total milk yield showed positive correlations with the average milk flow rate (r = 0.48; P<0.001) and also with the maximum milk flow rate (r = 0.32; P<0.001). More than 47% of milk flow curves were classified as bimodal. Bimodality was positively correlated with the duration of the incline phase (r = 0.73; P<0.001) and negatively correlated with the quantity of milk obtained during the first minute of milking (r = -0.34; P<0.001). In relation to the lactation stage - the highest average milk flow rate was reached by Holstein dairy cows at the beginning of the lactation (up to 100 days in milk), and in relation to parity - the highest milk flow rates were measured in second-lactation dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effect of ewes entry order into milking parlour on milkability and milk composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mačuhová ◽  
V. Tančin ◽  
J. Mačuhová ◽  
M. Uhrinčať ◽  
L. Hasoňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Order Of Entry ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate how the order in which the ewes in a milking group enter the milking parlour affects their milkability and milk composition. Therefore, the order of entry into the milking parlour was evaluated in ewes of one flock (n = 353) during six evening milkings. In all, the sheep were milked in 15 milking groups. The sheep entering the milking parlour in the first milking group achieved 15 points and the sheep of each next milking group one point less, i.e. the sheep of the last group achieved 1 point. In the analysis, only the ewes with the highest and the lowest average number of points were included and assigned to the first (FG, n = 19) and the last group (LG, n = 29), respectively. After the last milking, the individual milk samples were collected from the jar to analyze the composition and somatic cell count. Machine milk yield in 30 s (0.15 ± 0.09 and 0.11 ± 0.05 l) and 60 s (0.26 ± 0.16 and 0.19 ± 0.10 l), peak flow rate (1.04 ± 0.39 and 0.77 ± 0.29 l/min), and latency time (14 ± 3 and 20 ± 13 s) significantly differed (P &lt; 0.05) between FG and LG, respectively. Total milk yield (0.41 ± 0.17 and 0.35 ± 0.14 l) and machine milk yield (0.27 ± 0.15 and 0.22 ± 0.10 l) tended to be higher (P = 0.05 and P = 0.09) in FG than in LG, respectively. No significant differences were observed in milk composition between FG and LG. It seems that ewes which enter the milking parlour in early milking groups have better parameters of milkability than those milked in later groups.

A note on the relationship between the rate of machine-milking and milk production of Ayrshire heifers

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

SUMMARYRecords of milking rate, milk yield and milk composition were collected over 12 yr from 123 Ayrshire heifers in their first lactation in one herd. Three direct measures of milking rate, i.e. peak flow rate, machine rate and overall rate were closely correlated and each was also correlated with total lactation yield of milk. Milking rate accounted for only a very small part of the variation in fat and total solids percentages. The mean yield of milk per milking in early lactation was a better predictor of total lactation yield than was milking rate but, among animals giving the same early lactation yield of milk, the faster milkers gave higher lactation yields than the slower milkers.

Effect of suckling during early lactation and changeover to machine milking on plasma oxytocin and cortisol levels and milking characteristics in Holstein cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Tančin ◽  
L'Ubomír Harcek ◽  
Ján Brouček ◽  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Štefan Mihina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The Third ◽  
Oxytocin Release

SUMMARYPlasma concentrations of oxytocin and cortisol, and milk yield and flow rates, were compared in three primiparous cows and two cows in their second lactation during suckling and subsequent machine milking. After calving, cows suckled their calves for 3–4 weeks and then the experiment was carried out over 4 d. Blood samples were taken prior to, during and after suckling or evening machine milking (EMM) on day 1 of the experiment (the last day of suckling), day 2 (first EMM) and day 4 (third EMM). After weaning and rehousing, cows were machine milked twice daily. During the first EMM, average milk yield and flow rate in the second minute of milking were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than corresponding values for the other 2 d. Plasma oxytocin concentrations were lower during the first than during the third EMM (P < 0·001) and suckling (P < 0·001), and more oxytocin was released during the third EMM than during suckling (P < 0·01). Cortisol concentrations were higher during and after the first EMM than during the third EMM. Thus in cows sucked for several weeks after calving and then separated from their calves and rehoused we found a transient decrease in oxytocin release, milk yield and flow rates during the first machine milking.

scholarly journals Interruption of machine milking in dairy cows: effects on intramammary pressure and milking characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Pfeilsticker ◽  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Ejection Rate ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Milking Machine

SUMMARYExperiments were designed to test the hypothesis that milk ejection rate decreases during milking, thereby causing insufficient refill of the cistern and decreasing milk flow rate towards the end of milking. In a first series of experiments machine milking of the left front quarters of 11 cows was interrupted for 2 min after removal of 25, 50 or 75% of expected total milk yield, while milking was continued in the other three quarters. Milk flow was recorded during machine-on times. Intramammary pressure (IMP) was recorded during premilking teat stimulation and during interruption of milking. IMP during interruption of milking decreased with decreasing amounts of milk remaining in the udder. The IMP did not change during these interruptions when they occurred after 25 and 50% of expected total milk yield was removed. Thus, the ejection rate could keep up with the milk flow or removal rate. However, IMP increased during interruption of milking following removal of 75% of total yield, although significantly so only in cows with a high milk flow rate. Obviously, more milk was removed than was transported to the cisternal cavity. It is likely that a reduced ejection rate caused the decreased milk flow rate. In a second series of experiments the pulsation ratio of the milking machine was changed from the usual 70:30 to 50:50 with the aim of reducing the milk flow rate and thus adapting to the ejection rate at the end of milking. The changed pulsation ratio caused a reduced peak flow rate and a prolonged high milk flow period, whereas the main flow rate did not change significantly.

scholarly journals Connection of milk flow curve to the somatic cell count in bovine milk

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mijić ◽  
I. Knežević ◽  
M. Domaćinović
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Milk Flow

Abstract. The modern equipment introduction into cow milking created technical possibilities for studying the milk flow curve and for using the results in cattle selection. In preventing mastitis, besides curing, other parameters of the milk flow curve could be used preventively. Research showed that cows that had the milk flow curve with a short duration of increasing flow rate (dIFR ≤ 0.40 min) and a larger quotient between the peak and down phase (QPD > 1.20) had also the least somatic cell count in milk (LSCC = 3.47, and 3.30 respectively). Such relation is favourable because increasing the relation, the duration of quick and uniform milking extends, and the duration of peak flow rate shortens. That also show correlation coefficients which were between the logarithmic somatic cell count in milk (LSCC) on one hand and the peak flow rate (dPFR), that means the quotient of peak and down phase (QPD) on the other hand negative (r= −0.25** and –0.27**). Breeding-selective procedures could create bull fathers and mothers with the most desirable milk flow curve and the duration of certain milking phases, whereby the somatic cell count in milk would be the least. Therefore it would be necessary to define desirable proportions of the milk flow curve with a special attention to the cow’s health udder.

scholarly journals Determining the correlation between transition zone index with international prostate symptom score and peak flow rate on clinical outcome after transurethral resection of the prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4517
Author(s):  
Nalinikanta Mohanty ◽  
Samir Swain ◽  
Arshad Hasan ◽  
Gyanprakash Singh ◽  
Datteswar Hota
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
International Prostate Symptom Score ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathologic process which has common contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is an important means of assesment in the clinical research of LUTS and BPH. Free flow rates (peak flow rate or Qmax) give an indirect measure for the probability of obstruction whereas subvesical obstruction only can be measured by invasive pressure-flow studies. Among the various surgical or minimally invasive techniques available for BPH like Intraprostatic stents (temporary/permanent), transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT), transurethral electrovaporization of prostate (TUVP), Transurethral incision of prostate (TUIP), lasers (Nd: YAG (Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet), Ho: YAG (Holmium yttrium aluminium garnet), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), diode, thulium laser) etc, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a safe and effective procedure. Comparison of difference in the pre and postoperative ultrasonic prostatic volume with amount of tissue resected at operation has established the accuracy of the method. The aims of present study are to determine the correlation between transition zone index with international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and peak flow rate (Qmax) on clinical outcome after TURP in BPH patients.Methods: A prospective study was conducted to determine the effect of the extent of tissue resection on symptom improvement after TURP in men and to evaluate any potential correlation between prostate size and outcome.Results: Total of 52 patients studied prospectively. Transitional zone (TZ) index was found to have a significant correlation with the clinical outcome.Conclusions: Symptomatic improvement after TURP will depend on the amount of tissue resected in terms of IPSS and peak flow rates.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-stimulation on milk flow pattern and distribution of milk constituents at a quarter level

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tančin ◽  
M. Uhrinčať ◽  
L. Mačuhová ◽  
R.M. Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Decline Phase ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Distribution Of Components ◽  
Flow Stripping

The aim of this study was to investigate milk flow patterns and milk composition in relation to pre-milking udder stimulation. The milk of one quarter of each of the sixteen cows was removed separately and in the course of milking it was divided into six fractions (P – cisternal milk during milking without stimulation and the first 300 ml during milking with pre-stimulation, 0&minus;25%, 25&minus;50%, 50&minus;75%, 75&minus;100%, 75&minus;100%, MS-machine stripping) and into five portions (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 100% + MS). Two milkings were performed during two consecutive evening milkings with or without manual stimulation. Pre-stimulation resulted in a reduction of milking time, duration of the increase and decline phase of milk flow, stripping yield, but it increased the peak flow rate as compared to milking without pre-stimulation (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In both fractions and portions the content of fat increased steadily during milking and reached a maximum at MS. Lactose increased from P to 50&minus;75% and then it decreased to MS. Significantly higher fat contents at 25% and 50% portions and in both protein and dry matter at 25% portions were found during milking with pre-stimulation as compared to no stimulation (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The content of fat, protein and dry matter were also higher in both P and 0&minus;25% fractions for milking with pre-stimulation (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Pre-stimulation positively influenced the parameters of milk flow and therefore the efficiency of milk removal and contributed to better distribution of components in milk fractions during milking.

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