Investigation of correlations and milking parameter distribution on cattle farms in eastern Croatia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
P. Mijić ◽  
I. Knežević ◽  
M. Baban ◽  
M. Domaćinović ◽  
D. Rimac
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Parameter Distribution ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cattle Farms

Recently secondary cattle selection traits have been given more attention in developed cattle breeding countries in establishing a selection index. In this way, milking traits have acquired a prominent place. This paper aimed to determine coefficients of correlation and regression between a number of milking traits, that could be helpful in establishing a selection index for breeding bulls and their dams. A further goal was to determine the distribution of milking parameters. The data of 303 Holstein Friesian and 235 Simmental cows were analysed.  The results showed that in both cow breeds correlations existed between milk yield and average milk flow (0.39 and 0.49), as well as between milk yield and milking time (0.53 and 0.35). Negative correlations were found between average milk flow and milking time (-0.49 and -0.56). For the Holstein Friesian breed, 67.0% of the cows had a total milk flow in the range of 1.61 to 3.60 kg/min, whereas in the Simmental breed 72.2% of the cows had a total milk flow of 2.40 kg/min.  The milk flow rate can be indirectly affected by selecting cows with higher milk production. The definition of an optimal milk flow rate and the determination of breeding goals for milking traits will lead to faster progress in milking trait improvement and an easier choice of quality breeding bulls and dams.

scholarly journals Quarter milk flow patterns in dairy cows: factors involved and repeatability

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tancin ◽  
A.H. Ipema ◽  
D. Peskovicova ◽  
P.H. Hogeverf ◽  
J. Macuhova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk

The objectives of our study were to describe the variation of quarter milk flow parameters and to determine the factors that affect these parameters the most. Additionally, repeatabilities (r<sub>2</sub>) of the quarter milk flow traits (duration of milk flow, time to reach peak flow, peak flow rate, and duration of milk flow in single phases &ndash; increase, plateau, decline and blind phase) were calculated. Repeatability of total milk yield and milk yield in single phases was calculated, too. The data from 39 Holstein cows, in their first to third lactation and free of clinical mastitis, were used for statistical analysis. A total of 1 656 curves of quarter milk flows were recorded during six consecutive days. At the last evening and morning milking samples of milk from each quarter were collected for determination of somatic cell count (SCC). Peak flow rate, quarter position, time of milking (morning and evening) and SCC significantly affected most of the measured traits. The highest r2 were for total milk yield and yield of plateau phase 0.53 and 0.50, resp. The lowest r2 were calculated for the duration of increase phase, and milk yield of the increase and blind phase 0.26, 0.12 and 0.21, resp. Peak flow rate, SCC, time of milking and front-rear position influenced the values of r2 of traits to various extent.

scholarly journals Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by Lactocorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Strapák ◽  
Peter Antalík ◽  
Iveta Szencziová
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milkability evaluation of Holstein dairy cows by LactocorderThe aim of this work was to evaluate chosen milk flow characteristics of Holstein dairy cows, using mobile electronic milk flow meters - Lactocorders. A total of 181 Holstein dairy cows were evaluated and divided according to parity, lactation stage and bimodality in order to carry out a detailed comparison of measured milkability traits. The average total milk yield was 11.98±3.41 kg per milking with an average milk flow rate of 2.52±0.75 kg min-1 and a maximum milk flow rate of 3.94±1.30 kg min-1. The total milk yield showed positive correlations with the average milk flow rate (r = 0.48; P<0.001) and also with the maximum milk flow rate (r = 0.32; P<0.001). More than 47% of milk flow curves were classified as bimodal. Bimodality was positively correlated with the duration of the incline phase (r = 0.73; P<0.001) and negatively correlated with the quantity of milk obtained during the first minute of milking (r = -0.34; P<0.001). In relation to the lactation stage - the highest average milk flow rate was reached by Holstein dairy cows at the beginning of the lactation (up to 100 days in milk), and in relation to parity - the highest milk flow rates were measured in second-lactation dairy cows.

scholarly journals Interruption of machine milking in dairy cows: effects on intramammary pressure and milking characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ulrich Pfeilsticker ◽  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Ejection Rate ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Milking Machine

SUMMARYExperiments were designed to test the hypothesis that milk ejection rate decreases during milking, thereby causing insufficient refill of the cistern and decreasing milk flow rate towards the end of milking. In a first series of experiments machine milking of the left front quarters of 11 cows was interrupted for 2 min after removal of 25, 50 or 75% of expected total milk yield, while milking was continued in the other three quarters. Milk flow was recorded during machine-on times. Intramammary pressure (IMP) was recorded during premilking teat stimulation and during interruption of milking. IMP during interruption of milking decreased with decreasing amounts of milk remaining in the udder. The IMP did not change during these interruptions when they occurred after 25 and 50% of expected total milk yield was removed. Thus, the ejection rate could keep up with the milk flow or removal rate. However, IMP increased during interruption of milking following removal of 75% of total yield, although significantly so only in cows with a high milk flow rate. Obviously, more milk was removed than was transported to the cisternal cavity. It is likely that a reduced ejection rate caused the decreased milk flow rate. In a second series of experiments the pulsation ratio of the milking machine was changed from the usual 70:30 to 50:50 with the aim of reducing the milk flow rate and thus adapting to the ejection rate at the end of milking. The changed pulsation ratio caused a reduced peak flow rate and a prolonged high milk flow period, whereas the main flow rate did not change significantly.

scholarly journals Pre-milking mechanical teat stimulation and milking performance of dairy buffaloes in early lactation

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Francesco Maria Tangorra ◽  
Stefania Leonardi ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
Nicola Rota ◽  
Paolo Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Automatic Removal

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of pre-milking mechanical teat stimulation on milk yield and milking performance of dairy buffaloes in early lactation. For this purpose, twenty-two healthy Italian Mediterranean buffaloes in their first to third lactation and in early lactation (<120 days in milk) were subjected to two treatments of teat stimulation: i) washing of the teats with water for about 5 s and attaching of the milking unit within 60 s, without any pre-milking massage (farm milking routine); ii) fast pulsation (FP), achieved by increasing pulsation rate to 120 pulsations per min during the first 60 s after application of teat cups. Each treatment lasted for 10 days and the following parameters were measured: milk yield (kg/milking), milk yield at 2 min after unit attachment (kg), time between milking unit attachment and its automatic removal (min), peak milk flow rate (kg/min), and milking time to reach peak flow rate (min). The average milk flow rate (kg/min) was calculated by dividing milk yield by the actual milking time. Milk yield was not affected by mechanical pre-stimulation and during the first 2 min of milking 20.2% and 19.6% of total milk yield were milked respectively when treatments 1 and 2 were applied. The time elapsed from attachment of the milking cluster until its automatic removal was less than 8 min both for buffaloes subjected to FP, and for buffaloes subjected just to washing of the teats before attaching the milking unit. FP stimulation did not show an enhancing effect on peak and average milk flow rates and on milking time to reach peak flow rate.

Relationship between numbers of α2- and β2-adrenoceptors on blood cells of bulls and milkability of their daughters

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Roets ◽  
Christian Burvenich ◽  
Jorn Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Cgp 12177 ◽  
Mononuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Highly Correlated

SUMMARYMilk yield and milking time were measured on one occasion for several daughters (n = 6–44) from 16 bulls at morning milkings. Blood from the bulls was collected, and platelets and mononuclear leucocytes were isolated. The α2-adrenoceptors on platelet membranes were identified by binding of [3H]rauwolscine, whereas for the determination of β2-adrenoceptors on intact mononuclear leucocytes, [3H]CGP–12177 was used. It was found that mean milk flow rate was highly correlated (P < 0·001) with the α2-adrenoceptor densities on blood platelets. No correlation was found with the β2-adrenoceptors on mononuclear leucocytes. It is concluded that estimation of the α2-adrenoceptors on blood platelets from bulls could eventually be used to investigate milking characteristics of cows, and might be useful in the future as a marker in genetic studies.

Effects of habituation to the milking parlour on production, health and fertility of Norwegian and Holstein dairy herd replacements

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
H.C.F. Wicks ◽  
A.F. Carson ◽  
M.A. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Norwegian Dairy

During the transition period (defined as three weeks prior to calving to three weeks post-calving) heifers are exposed to physiological, nutritional, management, and social changes as they enter the dairy herd. One obvious change is the introduction of heifers to the milking parlour. Previous work has shown that when mature cows were milked in unfamiliar surroundings, milk yield, milk flow rate and milking duration were affected due to increased stress (Rushens, et al. 2001). The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of habituating heifers to the milking parlour pre-calving on the subsequent performance of Holstein-Friesian and Norwegian dairy herd replacements.

Effects of Milking Methods on Milk Yield, Milk Flow Rate, and Milk Composition in Cow

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. p9765
Author(s):  
Anand Mishra ◽  
Shailendra Khatri ◽  
Sanjeet Kumar Jha ◽  
Shamshad Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Flow

Genetic analyses of profit for Australian dairy cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Visscher ◽  
M. E. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Net Income ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Yield Trait ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractDirect genetic evaluation of profit was investigated as an alternative to a selection index. PROFk was defined as (net income)/(food requirement) until the start of the kth lactation, for k = 2 to 6. Genetic parameters such as heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for profit traits for Australian Holstein-Friesian and jersey dairy cattle. Heritabilities for profit until the start of a given lactation were moderate, ranging from 0·12 (for profit until the start of the second lactation in Holsteins) to 0·31 (profit until the start of the third lactation in Jerseys). Genetic correlations between profit traits were very high, and approached unity for most pairs of traits, so that profit early and late in herd life were nearly the same trait. Genetic correlations between profit traits and stayabilities until a given lactation were high, ranging from 0·71 to 0·97. Genetic correlations between profit traits and first lactation milk yield traits were approximately 0·80 for Holsteins and 0·90 for Jerseys. A single analysis urns carried out for lifetime profit using all data, including cows that were still in the herd at the time of data collection. Heritabilities were 0·13 for Holsteins and 0·19 for Jerseys. Genetic correlations between lifetime profit and first lactation yields were high. For the selection of dairy bulls, a multivariate analysis on a milk yield trait (e.g. protein yield) and profit until the last known lactation of bulls' progeny was suggested.

Influence of liner design on mouthpiece chamber vacuum during milking

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janthea A. Newman ◽  
Robert J. Grindal ◽  
M. Clare Butler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Slow Flow ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Slow Flow Rate ◽  
Friesian Cows

SummaryThree types of liner (wide bore tapered, wide bore and narrow bore) were compared in a change-over design experiment comprising three 3-d periods and using six lactating Holstein Friesian cows with a wide range in milk flow rate and teat dimensions. Vacuum levels measured within the liner showed a characteristic pattern of three distinct phases: 1, a mouthpiece chamber (MPC) vacuum that fluctuated with vacuum beneath the teat; 2, a stable MPC vacuum that coincided with the period of peak milk flow and 3, a MPC vacuum that fluctuated with pressure changes in the pulsation chamber and coincided with the period of no or reduced flow. Of the three liners examined, the Gascoigne 1030A (wide bore tapered) induced the highest MPC vacuum (29·4 ± 2·23 kPa, mean ± s.e.m), significantly higher (P < 0·01) than the Alfa-Laval 960000–01 wide bore (23·5 ± 2·32), regardless of teat size and milk flow rate. The Alfa-Laval 7275737–01 (narrow bore) gave a significantly lower value (16·5 ± 1·96) than either of the others (P < 0·001). It was not possible to link absolutely raised MPC vacuum to cow discomfort and teat trauma but circumstantial evidence encourages this view. Narrow teats in combination with slow flow rate appeared to exacerbate MPC vacuum and, because milking time for such animals was protracted, teats were exposed for longer periods.

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