scholarly journals Rheology of the gel formed in the California Mastitis Test

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Johan R Verbeek ◽  
Stephen S Xia ◽  
David Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Measurement ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Rotational Viscometry ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Viscosity Increase

The California Mastitis Test has previously been adapted for use in an inline, cow-side sensor and relies on the fact that the viscosity of the gel formed during the test is proportional to the somatic cell concentration. In this paper, the use of capillary and rotational viscometry was compared in light of the expected rheology of the gel formed during the test. It was found that the gel is non-Newtonian, but the initial phase of viscosity increase was not due to shear dependence, but rather due to the gelation reaction. The maximum apparent viscosity of the gel was shear dependent while the time it took to reach the maximum was not truly shear dependent, but was rather dependent on the degree of mixing during gelation. This was confirmed by introducing a delay time prior to viscosity measurement, in both capillary and rotational viscometry. It was found that by mixing the reagent and infected milk, then delaying viscosity measurement for 30 s, shortened the time it took to reach maximum viscosity by more than 60 s. The maximum apparent viscosity, however, was unaffected. It was found that capillary viscometry worked well to correlate relative viscosity with somatic cell count, but that it was sensitive to the reagent concentration. It can therefore be deduced that the rheology of the gel is complicated not only by it being non-Newtonian, but also by the strong dependence on test conditions. These make designing a successful sensor much more challenging.

scholarly journals Bulk tank somatic cell count and associated microbial quality of milk from selected dairy cattle herds in Oyo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Olatoye ◽  
Adesola Amosun ◽  
Uzo Ogbu ◽  
Yemi Okunlade
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Improvement of traditional and nomadic milk production through dairy development program in Nigeria requires routine quality and safety monitoring of milk both at herd level and milk collection centers. A total of 411 bulk raw milk samples aseptically obtained from Ibarapa, Oyo and Oke-Ogun industrial milk collection centers were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT), Bulk Somatic Cell Count (BSCC) and bacteriological analysis for assessment of quality and safety of milk from the herds. One hundred and seven (26.0%) of the samples were CMT positive, while 74.0% were negative to CMT. The overall mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 1.27×103 ± cells/mL, 1.12×103± 34 cfu/mL, 97.8±9.8 cfu/mL in the CMT negative milk samples while for the strong positive samples the mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 4.33×106 ± cells/mL, 2.35×106 ± 453 cfu/mL, 189.3±41.1 cfu/mL respectively; these were higher than the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance acceptable limits. Positive correlation was found between CMT scores and bacterial contamination and between CMT scores and SCC was recorded. About 26.0% of the samples with positive CMT could be considered unsafe due to strong correlation with microbial contamination that could result in milk borne zoonoses and public health hazards. However, a greater proportion (76.9%) of the milk with negative CMT scores could be safe for human consumption after post-harvest pasteurization. Consequently, there is need to improve handling, environmental and milking hygiene; as well as proper herd and udder health management to improve quality and safety of Nigeria dairy products.

The effects of supplementary sodium on the magnesium status and behaviour of dairy cows fed silage and concentrates

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
D.R. Arney ◽  
C.J.C. Phillips ◽  
O. Kaert
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

Recent research has demonstrated that supplementary sodium enhances the magnesium status of cattle fed fresh herbage by limiting the antagonism of potassium to magnesium absorption in the rumen (Chiy and Phillips, 1993). This may explain the observed reduction in the somatic cell concentration in the milk of grazing dairy cows when they are offered a sodium supplement (Phillips et al. 1996). Magnesium has been recognised as the main macroelement affecting immunocompetence in laboratory animals (Miller, 1985), and it is likely that it is important for grazing ruminants, which are prone to hypermagnesaemia. It is unclear whether sodium supplements would be beneficial to cattle fed conserved feeds, where hypomagnesaemia is less common.

scholarly journals Diagnosing mastitis in early lactation: use of Somaticell®, California mastitis test and somatic cell count

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Ferronatto ◽  
Thaís C. Ferronatto ◽  
Marla Schneider ◽  
Lindomar F. Pessoa ◽  
Maiara G. Blagitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Total Sulfhydryls in Milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL R. SAMPLES ◽  
SUSAN L. DILL ◽  
RONALD L. RICHTER ◽  
CHARLES W. DILL
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Individual milk samples from 32 cows were analyzed to determine the relationship between somatic cell concentration and total sulfhydryl concentration (cysteine plus reduced cystine). A significant relationship was detected between somatic cell count, which ranged from 1.7 × 104 to 1.0 × 107 cells/ml, and total sulfhydryls per gram of milk protein. The regression equation, total sulfhydryls/g of milk protein = 31.96 + 7.99 (log10 somatic cell count) with r2 = 0.19, was calculated. The mean total sulfhydryl concentration was 73.1 μmol/g of protein. The minimal effect of somatic cell concentration on total sulfhydryl concentration indicates that somatic cell concentration should have little influence on chemical parameters of milk protein determined by sulfhydryl analysis when proper experimental controls are used.

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