The Compound Marine Steam Engine: A Study in the Relationship Between Technological Change and Economic Development

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Knauerhase
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Sailing Ship

One of the most important problems in the study of economic development is the role of technological change in the growth process. My dissertation is an analysis of some of the major variables which influenced the timing of the invention, adoption, and diffusion of the compound marine steam engine. The problem was divided into three parts: (1) all those variables pertaining directly to the invention of the engine, and the very first effects on the cost structure of the steamship industry; (2) the role of the compound marine steam engine in the growth of the German merchant fleet, 1872–1887, with special emphasis on the diffusion of the invention and its productivity effects; and (3) the effect of the compound steam engine on the sailing ship component of the German merchant fleet.

scholarly journals Cultural and Social Diversity as an Economic Resource

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Damian S. Pyrkosz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Social Diversity ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
The Relationship

The paper seeks to identify the role of cultural and social diversity in economic development. It starts by defining the terms that are critical to the analysis, including diversity, fractionalization, polarization, social diversity, cultural diversity and economic resources, as well as providing the most significant indexes thereof. The main body of the paper interprets the notions of cultural and social diversity in terms of being a valuable economic resource. Furthermore, it collects a vast body of literature to demonstrate the relationship between the cultural/social diversity and economic development with regard to adverse or positive impact on the latter. In regard to the negative impact of diversity, the paper identifies it in the area of social communication, social capital and networks, as it effectively causes a decrease in productivity and increase in social conflict and isolation. The positive link is demonstrated with examples in the areas of innovation, creativity, usage of complementary abilities and experiences, and their role in increasing productivity. The paper refers to numerous data sources, studies and indexes illustrating how the economic systems of various countries perform in the context of the paper’s subject-matter.

scholarly journals CORRUPTION, CAPITAL ABUNDANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatka Bilas ◽  
Mile Bošnjak ◽  
Sanja Franc
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to establish and clarify the relationship between corruption level and development among European Union countries. Out of the estimated model in this paper one can conclude that the level of corruption can explain capital abundance differences among European Union countries. Also, explanatory power of corruption is higher in explaining economic development than in explaining capital abundance, meaning stronger relationship between corruption level and economic development than between corruption level and capital abundance. There is no doubt that reducing corruption would be beneficial for all countries. Since corruption is a wrongdoing, the rule of law enforcement is of utmost importance. However, root causes of corruption, namely the institutional and social environment: recruiting civil servants on a merit basis, salaries in public sector competitive to the ones in private sector, the role of international institutions in the fight against corruption, and some other corruption characteristics are very important to analyze in order to find effective ways to fight corruption. Further research should go into this direction.

Role of TQM in Sustained Business Performance in Indian Automotive Supply Chain

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Narula ◽  
Satwinder Pal ◽  
Vinay Saini ◽  
Prabhat Saxena ◽  
Ajay Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
Automotive Supply Chain ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Automotive Supply ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter creates a place in which TQM (total quality management) differs from business sustainability. Management can focus themselves more accurately when they understand the missing link between these two aspects. It also helps to reduce and eliminate certain wastes related to cost and efficiency and helps to produce better quality with minimum waste. In this study, a TQM framework is developed according to a comprehensive literature review: primary data collection through a structured questionnaire and interview of performers/nonperformers at various levels in different organizations. Analysis of data is used to establish the relationship between attributes of TQM and business sustainability. TQM enhances the cost effectiveness while helping suppliers to produce enhanced quality to their customers and with minimum efforts and lesser rejection. Analysis of data is used to establish the relationship between attributes of TQM and cost effectiveness in an organization.

14. Theory and Practice of Continental Warfare

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Biddle
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Actual Experience ◽  
European Theatre ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World ◽  
Tight Integration

This chapter examines the theory and practice of continental warfare, with particular emphasis on the relationship between ideas on conventional land warfare and actual experience since 1900. It considers technological change, including mechanization, as the central challenge facing modern theorists as well as tactical and doctrinal responses that emerged very quickly in reaction to modern weapons' radical lethality. These responses emphasized cover, concealment, tight integration of suppressive fire and movement, depth, and reliance on withheld reserves at the cost of lighter forward deployments. These concepts subsequently formed the foundation for most modern systems of tactics and doctrine. The chapter explores the relationship between theory and practice in continental warfare by focusing on four case studies: the European theatre in the First and Second World Wars, the Arab–Israeli War of 1973, and the Gulf War of 1991.

On IT-Modelling in a Cross-Competence World

2011 ◽  
pp. 349-359
Author(s):  
Arne Sølvberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Domain Models ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Role Of It ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competence Models

The deep penetration of computers in all realms of society makes technological change the key driver for changing our lives. This will result in a change in approach, from viewing the role of IT as mainly supporting other disciplines, to the integration of IT concepts, tools and theory into modelling theories of the supported disciplines. This chapter discusses some aspects of the relationship between the IT as a modelling discipline, and the modelling disciplines of the domains where IT is applied. IT deals with data and data processes, while application domain models deal with entities of the domain and how they interact. Cross-competence models must deal with both, and with how models of the information technology discipline relate to the various models of the domain disciplines.

Structural Change, Economic Development, and the Labour Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 577-595
Author(s):  
Önder Nomaler ◽  
Bart Verspagen ◽  
Adriaan van Zon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Country

This chapter addresses the relationship between structural change and the income distribution. It raises the question of whether structural change increases or decreases income inequality. The chapter presents a multi-sectoral model in the so-called canonical modelling tradition. In this model the distributional outcomes depend on the mix of the labour supply in different technology classes and skill biases in technological change. Whether structural change has an effect depends on the specific country. When it does have an effect, it mainly benefits high-skilled labour. The skill premium for high-skilled labour thus contributes to increased income inequality. Both the relative supply of skills and skill-based technological change tend to increase income inequality, though not in all countries.

The Role of Energy Production in China's Sustainable Economic Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 439-442
Author(s):  
Kong Jian Li ◽  
Yaou Qi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Time Varying Parameter ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigates how the scale and structure of energy production influence on sustainable economic development in China. First and foremost, the relationship between energy production and economic development was discussed in theory, and a time-varying parameter state space model was established. Then an empirical study based on the annual data from 1981 to 2012 was carried out by using method of Kalman filter. The results indicate that both the increasing scale of energy production and the increasing proportion of new energy have a positive and significant influence on Chinese economic growth. Finally, the thesis draws a conclusion that, expanding the scale of energy production and optimizing the structure of energy production will significantly promote China's sustainable economic growth.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTONICS OF BUDGET MECHANISM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoryana LOBODINA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. The need to neutralize the threats to Ukraine's national security requires review of the priorities of public administration. Given the leading role of the budget as the imperative dominant of the system of state regulation of socio-economic development, the use of which is linked to the practical application of the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the state, the feasibility of modernizing the said mechanism is beyond doubt. The above circumstances determine the indisputable relevance of the study of the architecture of the budget mechanism and the search for ways to improve its structure, the integration of financial methods, forms, tools and instruments. Purposes. The purpose of the article is to formulate its own scientific approach to the structuring of the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the state, the characteristics of its elements and the relationship between them. Results.The result of the study proved that the optimal combination of elements of the budget mechanism allows the state to effectively influence the socio-economic processes, ensuring the functioning and development of the national economy, affordable and quality public services to the population, solving social problems and others. So in terms of transformation of budgetary relations and orientation of public finance to economic growth and improving public welfare scientific approaches to structuring the budget mechanism require revisionand clarification. Conclusion. Taking into account the directions of budget resources movement, the budget mechanism of the socio-economic development of the state proposes to distinguish two main subsystems: the mechanism of budget funds formation and the mechanism of using budget funds. In each of the subsystems, financial methods, forms, tools, levers are distinguished and characterized in the context of providing the architectural budget mechanism.

scholarly journals The relationship between habits and skills in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Du ◽  
John W. Krakauer ◽  
Adrian Haith
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Specific Component ◽  
Complex Skills ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Review Current

How do habit and skill relate to one another? We review current frameworks for skills and habits, and suggest a way of relating them through the notion of automaticity. Though various types of habit have been studied, we suggest that “slips-of-action” habits, such as habitually pressing a wrong key on a foreign keyboard, are the kind of habit most relevant to skill. Skilled behaviors rarely become habitual in their entirety, but instead specific component computations become habitual – or, equivalently, automatized – improving performance speed but at the cost of flexibility. We lastly consider the essential role of habits in learning complex skills given limited cognitive resources, and interpret deliberate practice as a process of breaking and restructuring habits to optimize performance.

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