On some Lesions associated with Helminths in Birds of economic importance

1937 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Avian Diseases

Helminth parasites in small numbers infest a very large percentage of the birds of economic importance but the damage and loss for which they are responsible has never been calculated. In considering these parasites there are two schools of thought—the first considers every helminth as a possible pathological factor and cause of death. While our knowledge of avian diseases is still rather scanty this opinion is easily understood for birds often die showing lesions in the gut and the only obvious agent is the helminths present. Recently, however, opinion has swung in the opposite direction and given rise to a second school, in which there is a tendency to discount the dangers of helminthic infestation and to minimise their importance. In the Institute of Agricultural Parasitology some caution is always adopted at post-mortem examinations before diagnosing the cause of death as being definitely due to helminths for it is felt that there are many disease factors, imperfectly understood as yet, which probably have far reaching effects on their avian hosts. However, in certain cases pathological conditions have been noticed which were undoubtedly due to helminths.

Pachymeningitis Interna Hæmorrhagica as a Cause of Death

1915 ◽  
Vol 61 (254) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
H. D. MacPhail
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Morbid Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Morbid State ◽  
Morbid Process

There are some pathological conditions which, though of considerable interest to the student of morbid anatomy, appear to have very little importance from the point of view of clinical study. The reason for this, sometimes at least, lies in the fact that it is difficult, if not impossible, to diagnose the onset and follow the progress of the morbid process during the life of the patient. Pachymeningitis interna hemorrhagica is essentially a condition of this kind. It is a morbid state which has been named and described for years, and yet it is a condition the diagnosis of which during life is extremely difficult. As a rule, when it is demonstrated at the post mortem, the clinical records of the case furnish us with no definite information suggestive of its presence. Often when symptoms point to the likelihood of its presence no lesion is found, while it occurs in cases which during life showed nothing special to indicate the possibility of such a condition.

scholarly journals Acute Ruminal Drinking in a 2-week old Male Friesian Crossbred Calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S. E. Abalaka ◽  
N. A. Sani ◽  
I. S. Idoko ◽  
O. Z. Tenuche ◽  
S. A. Ejeh
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Post-mortem examination was carried out on a 2-week old male Friesian crossbred calf to determine the cause of death. The body condition of the calf was fair with pale mucous membranes. There was petechial to ecchymotic epicardial haemorrhages with mild hydroperitoneum and hepatomegaly. The enlarged rumen contained a large amount of white offensive rancid-smelling curdled milk mixed with watery content while the abomasum contained some sand sediment. A diagnosis of acute ruminal drinking was made based on the calf's age, reportedly feeding entirely on milk ration, and the presence of a large amount of curdled milk in the rumen. Early diagnosis and the treatment of underlying pathological conditions, correction of predisposing management practices, and rumenostomy are some of the ante-mortem ways to combat and improve the prognosis of the condition in affected calves.   

Consultation between forensic and clinical pathologists for histopathology examination after forensic autopsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Vito Cirielli ◽  
Federica Bortolotti ◽  
Luca Cima ◽  
Zeno De Battisti ◽  
Giovanna Del Balzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Macroscopic Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Benefit ◽  
Histopathology Examination

The magnitude of the diagnostic benefit conferred by performing histopathological examinations after medico-legal/forensic autopsies remains debatable. We have tried to address this issue by reviewing a series of histopathology referrals concerning medico-legal autopsies in real-world routine practice. We present an audit of the consultations provided to forensics by clinical pathologists at our institute between 2015 and 2018. Over this period, 493 post-mortem examinations were performed by forensic pathologists. Of these cases, 52 (11%) were referred for histopathology. Gross assessment was requested in 22/52 (42%) cases. Histopathology examination was performed on single organs in 15/52 (29%) cases, primarily on the lung and heart, whereas parenchymatous multi-organ analysis was carried out in 14/52 (27%) cases. Bone-marrow sampling was studied in 4/52 (8%) cases. Immunohistochemistry was needed in 16/52 (31%) cases, special stains in 9/52 (21%) cases and molecular analysis in 4/52 (8%) cases. Focusing on technical processes, standard methodology on pre-analytical procedures was changed in 10/52 (19%) cases in order to answer specific diagnostic questions. We showed that although most of the time the diagnosis is clear by the end of dissection on the basis of the macroscopic findings, histopathology can provide, modify or confirm the cause of death in many medico-legal/forensic cases. Therefore, it is desirable that forensic pathologists and clinical pathologists establish robust working relationships in a cooperative environment. We conclude that it is important to implement guidelines based on real-world routine practice in order to identify cases where histopathology can provide useful contributions, which in our experience applied to 11% of forensic cases.

scholarly journals Mors Gaudet Succurrere Vitae. The Role of Clinical Autopsy in Preventing Litigation Related to the Management of Liver and Digestive Disorders

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
Martina Zanon ◽  
Michela Peruch ◽  
Monica Concato ◽  
Martina Padovano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Over the last 50 years, the number of clinical autopsies has decreased, but their role in assessing cause of death and clinical performance is still acknowledged. Few publications have studied their role in malpractice claim prevention. The paper aims to highlight the role of clinical autopsy in preventing errors and improve healthcare quality. A retrospective study was conducted on 28 clinical autopsies performed between 2015 and 2021 on patients dead unexpectedly after procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive and hepatic diseases. After an accurate analysis of medical records and consultation with healthcare professionals, all cases were subjected to autopsy and histopathology. The data obtained were analyzed and shared with the risk-management team to identify pitfalls and preventive strategies. Post-mortem evaluations confirmed the clinical diagnosis only in six cases (21.4%). Discordances were observed in 10 cases (35.7%). In the remaining 12 cases (42.9%) the clinical diagnosis was labeled as “unknown” and post-mortem examinations made it possible to document the cause of death. Post-mortem examinations can concretely enrich hospital prevention systems and improve patient safety. The methodological approach outlined certainly demonstrates that, even in the risk-management field, “mors gaudet succurrere vitae” (“death delights in helping life”).

scholarly journals Added value of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) to clinical findings for cause of death determination in adult “natural deaths”

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463
Author(s):  
M. E. M. Vester ◽  
R. R. van Rijn ◽  
W. L. J. M. Duijst ◽  
L. F. M. Beenen ◽  
M. Clerkx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Organ Failures ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) provides additional information regarding the cause of death and underlying diseases in a general practitioners’ (GP), out-of-hospital population. Methods and materials Bodies donated to our anatomy department between January 2014 and January 2018, who consecutively underwent a total body PMCT and had given permission for retrieval of their medical records during life, were included. PMCT scans were assessed by a radiologist and compared with the cause of death as stated in the medical records. Discrepancies were analyzed with an adjusted Goldman classification. Results Ninety-three out of the 274 scanned donors during the inclusion period had given consent for the retrieval of their medical records, of which 79 GP’s responded to the request thereof (31 men, 48 women, average age 72.8 years, range 36–99). PMCT identified 49 (62%) cases of cancer, 10 (12.7%) cardiovascular diseases, 8 (10.1%) severe organ failures, 5 (6.3%) cases with signs of pneumonia, 2 (2.5%) other causes, and 7 (8.9%) cases without an (underlying) definitive cause of death. Eleven major discrepancies on the Goldman classification scale, with possible relevance to survival between PMCT and GP records, were identified. Conclusion PMCT can have added value for the detection of additional findings regarding the cause of death in an out-of-hospital, GP’s population, especially to identify or exclude major (previously non-diagnosed) underlying diseases.

scholarly journals An Address ON POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS WHICH DO NOT REVEAL THE CAUSE OF DEATH

BMJ ◽  
1905 ◽  
Vol 2 (2346) ◽  
pp. 1584-1586
Author(s):  
F. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Post-Mortem Immunohistochemical Evidence of β2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression in the Adrenal Gland

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3065
Author(s):  
Elvira Ventura Spagnolo ◽  
Cristina Mondello ◽  
Luigi Cardia ◽  
Letteria Minutoli ◽  
Domenico Puzzolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Β2 Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Evidence

The evidence from post-mortem biochemical studies conducted on cortisol and catecholamines suggest that analysis of the adrenal gland could provide useful information about its role in human pathophysiology and the stress response. Authors designed an immunohistochemical study on the expression of the adrenal β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), a receptor with high-affinity for catecholamines, with the aim to show which zones it is expressed in and how its expression differs in relation to the cause of death. The immunohistochemical study was performed on adrenal glands obtained from 48 forensic autopsies of subjects that died as a result of different pathogenic mechanisms using a mouse monoclonal β2-AR antibody. The results show that immunoreactivity for β2-AR was observed in all adrenal zones. Furthermore, immunoreactivity for β2-AR has shown variation in the localization and intensity of different patterns in relation to the original cause of death. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates β2-AR expression in the human cortex and provides suggestions on the possible involvement of β2-AR in human cortex hormonal stimulation. In conclusion, the authors provide a possible explanation for the observed differences in expression in relation to the cause of death.

Long-Distance Exchange among the Maya: A Comment on Marcus

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Maya Civilization

With good reason, several scholars have challenged the exaltation of long-distance trade as a prime mover in the rise of civilization. However, in dismissing the economic importance of long-distance exchange in the development of Maya civilization, Marcus (1983) has moved too far in the opposite direction.

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