Pachymeningitis Interna Hæmorrhagica as a Cause of Death

1915 ◽  
Vol 61 (254) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
H. D. MacPhail
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Morbid Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Morbid State ◽  
Morbid Process

There are some pathological conditions which, though of considerable interest to the student of morbid anatomy, appear to have very little importance from the point of view of clinical study. The reason for this, sometimes at least, lies in the fact that it is difficult, if not impossible, to diagnose the onset and follow the progress of the morbid process during the life of the patient. Pachymeningitis interna hemorrhagica is essentially a condition of this kind. It is a morbid state which has been named and described for years, and yet it is a condition the diagnosis of which during life is extremely difficult. As a rule, when it is demonstrated at the post mortem, the clinical records of the case furnish us with no definite information suggestive of its presence. Often when symptoms point to the likelihood of its presence no lesion is found, while it occurs in cases which during life showed nothing special to indicate the possibility of such a condition.

scholarly journals Acute Ruminal Drinking in a 2-week old Male Friesian Crossbred Calf

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S. E. Abalaka ◽  
N. A. Sani ◽  
I. S. Idoko ◽  
O. Z. Tenuche ◽  
S. A. Ejeh
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Post-mortem examination was carried out on a 2-week old male Friesian crossbred calf to determine the cause of death. The body condition of the calf was fair with pale mucous membranes. There was petechial to ecchymotic epicardial haemorrhages with mild hydroperitoneum and hepatomegaly. The enlarged rumen contained a large amount of white offensive rancid-smelling curdled milk mixed with watery content while the abomasum contained some sand sediment. A diagnosis of acute ruminal drinking was made based on the calf's age, reportedly feeding entirely on milk ration, and the presence of a large amount of curdled milk in the rumen. Early diagnosis and the treatment of underlying pathological conditions, correction of predisposing management practices, and rumenostomy are some of the ante-mortem ways to combat and improve the prognosis of the condition in affected calves.   

On some Lesions associated with Helminths in Birds of economic importance

1937 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis A. Clapham
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Avian Diseases

Helminth parasites in small numbers infest a very large percentage of the birds of economic importance but the damage and loss for which they are responsible has never been calculated. In considering these parasites there are two schools of thought—the first considers every helminth as a possible pathological factor and cause of death. While our knowledge of avian diseases is still rather scanty this opinion is easily understood for birds often die showing lesions in the gut and the only obvious agent is the helminths present. Recently, however, opinion has swung in the opposite direction and given rise to a second school, in which there is a tendency to discount the dangers of helminthic infestation and to minimise their importance. In the Institute of Agricultural Parasitology some caution is always adopted at post-mortem examinations before diagnosing the cause of death as being definitely due to helminths for it is felt that there are many disease factors, imperfectly understood as yet, which probably have far reaching effects on their avian hosts. However, in certain cases pathological conditions have been noticed which were undoubtedly due to helminths.

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

scholarly journals Causes of death and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefer Elezkurtaj ◽  
Selina Greuel ◽  
Jana Ihlow ◽  
Edward Georg Michaelis ◽  
Philip Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Full Body

AbstractInfection by the new corona virus strain SARS-CoV-2 and its related syndrome COVID-19 has been associated with more than two million deaths worldwide. Patients of higher age and with preexisting chronic health conditions are at an increased risk of fatal disease outcome. However, detailed information on causes of death and the contribution of pre-existing health conditions to death yet is missing, which can be reliably established by autopsy only. We performed full body autopsies on 26 patients that had died after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 at the Charité University Hospital Berlin, Germany, or at associated teaching hospitals. We systematically evaluated causes of death and pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, clinical records and death certificates were evaluated. We report findings on causes of death and comorbidities of 26 decedents that had clinically presented with severe COVID-19. We found that septic shock and multi organ failure was the most common immediate cause of death, often due to suppurative pulmonary infection. Respiratory failure due to diffuse alveolar damage presented as immediate cause of death in fewer cases. Several comorbidities, such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and obesity were present in the vast majority of patients. Our findings reveal that causes of death were directly related to COVID-19 in the majority of decedents, while they appear not to be an immediate result of preexisting health conditions and comorbidities. We therefore suggest that the majority of patients had died of COVID-19 with only contributory implications of preexisting health conditions to the mechanism of death.

Consultation between forensic and clinical pathologists for histopathology examination after forensic autopsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Vito Cirielli ◽  
Federica Bortolotti ◽  
Luca Cima ◽  
Zeno De Battisti ◽  
Giovanna Del Balzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Macroscopic Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Benefit ◽  
Histopathology Examination

The magnitude of the diagnostic benefit conferred by performing histopathological examinations after medico-legal/forensic autopsies remains debatable. We have tried to address this issue by reviewing a series of histopathology referrals concerning medico-legal autopsies in real-world routine practice. We present an audit of the consultations provided to forensics by clinical pathologists at our institute between 2015 and 2018. Over this period, 493 post-mortem examinations were performed by forensic pathologists. Of these cases, 52 (11%) were referred for histopathology. Gross assessment was requested in 22/52 (42%) cases. Histopathology examination was performed on single organs in 15/52 (29%) cases, primarily on the lung and heart, whereas parenchymatous multi-organ analysis was carried out in 14/52 (27%) cases. Bone-marrow sampling was studied in 4/52 (8%) cases. Immunohistochemistry was needed in 16/52 (31%) cases, special stains in 9/52 (21%) cases and molecular analysis in 4/52 (8%) cases. Focusing on technical processes, standard methodology on pre-analytical procedures was changed in 10/52 (19%) cases in order to answer specific diagnostic questions. We showed that although most of the time the diagnosis is clear by the end of dissection on the basis of the macroscopic findings, histopathology can provide, modify or confirm the cause of death in many medico-legal/forensic cases. Therefore, it is desirable that forensic pathologists and clinical pathologists establish robust working relationships in a cooperative environment. We conclude that it is important to implement guidelines based on real-world routine practice in order to identify cases where histopathology can provide useful contributions, which in our experience applied to 11% of forensic cases.

scholarly journals Mors Gaudet Succurrere Vitae. The Role of Clinical Autopsy in Preventing Litigation Related to the Management of Liver and Digestive Disorders

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Stefano D’Errico ◽  
Martina Zanon ◽  
Michela Peruch ◽  
Monica Concato ◽  
Martina Padovano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Over the last 50 years, the number of clinical autopsies has decreased, but their role in assessing cause of death and clinical performance is still acknowledged. Few publications have studied their role in malpractice claim prevention. The paper aims to highlight the role of clinical autopsy in preventing errors and improve healthcare quality. A retrospective study was conducted on 28 clinical autopsies performed between 2015 and 2021 on patients dead unexpectedly after procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive and hepatic diseases. After an accurate analysis of medical records and consultation with healthcare professionals, all cases were subjected to autopsy and histopathology. The data obtained were analyzed and shared with the risk-management team to identify pitfalls and preventive strategies. Post-mortem evaluations confirmed the clinical diagnosis only in six cases (21.4%). Discordances were observed in 10 cases (35.7%). In the remaining 12 cases (42.9%) the clinical diagnosis was labeled as “unknown” and post-mortem examinations made it possible to document the cause of death. Post-mortem examinations can concretely enrich hospital prevention systems and improve patient safety. The methodological approach outlined certainly demonstrates that, even in the risk-management field, “mors gaudet succurrere vitae” (“death delights in helping life”).

scholarly journals Hypothyroidism: a lecture for primary care physicians

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
E. A. Panfilova ◽  
M. P. Isaeva ◽  
E. A. Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Principles Of Treatment

The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the population is high. The frequency of manifest hypothyroidism in the world, according to various data, is 0.2–2.0%, subclinical one – up to 10% for women and up to 3% for men, and in the older age group (over 70 years) reaches 14%, with the majority of cases of hypothyroidism accounted for primary hypothyroidism. Thus, a doctor of any specialty in his practice is likely to meet a patient with hypothyroidism: both with the established diagnosis, and face the need for differential diagnosis of various pathological conditions with hypothyroidism. This article presents a classification of hypothyroidism based on etiological aspects, describes the clinical picture of the disease, pays special attention to the so-called «masks» of hypothyroidism, which, in our view, can be useful for a doctor of any specialty, provides available methods for diagnosing this syndrome (special attention is paid to laboratory methods), as well as the goals and principles of treatment, highlights the need to monitor laboratory indicators in dynamics against the background of treatment. In addition, the features of correction of hypothyroidism during pregnancy are given. The article presents the peculiarities of selecting drug doses depending on the patient’s age and comorbidity. The distinctive feature and the purpose of this article, from our point of view, is its potential benefits not only for endocrinologists, but also for other health professionals.

scholarly journals Added value of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) to clinical findings for cause of death determination in adult “natural deaths”

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463
Author(s):  
M. E. M. Vester ◽  
R. R. van Rijn ◽  
W. L. J. M. Duijst ◽  
L. F. M. Beenen ◽  
M. Clerkx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Organ Failures ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) provides additional information regarding the cause of death and underlying diseases in a general practitioners’ (GP), out-of-hospital population. Methods and materials Bodies donated to our anatomy department between January 2014 and January 2018, who consecutively underwent a total body PMCT and had given permission for retrieval of their medical records during life, were included. PMCT scans were assessed by a radiologist and compared with the cause of death as stated in the medical records. Discrepancies were analyzed with an adjusted Goldman classification. Results Ninety-three out of the 274 scanned donors during the inclusion period had given consent for the retrieval of their medical records, of which 79 GP’s responded to the request thereof (31 men, 48 women, average age 72.8 years, range 36–99). PMCT identified 49 (62%) cases of cancer, 10 (12.7%) cardiovascular diseases, 8 (10.1%) severe organ failures, 5 (6.3%) cases with signs of pneumonia, 2 (2.5%) other causes, and 7 (8.9%) cases without an (underlying) definitive cause of death. Eleven major discrepancies on the Goldman classification scale, with possible relevance to survival between PMCT and GP records, were identified. Conclusion PMCT can have added value for the detection of additional findings regarding the cause of death in an out-of-hospital, GP’s population, especially to identify or exclude major (previously non-diagnosed) underlying diseases.

scholarly journals An Address ON POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS WHICH DO NOT REVEAL THE CAUSE OF DEATH

BMJ ◽  
1905 ◽  
Vol 2 (2346) ◽  
pp. 1584-1586
Author(s):  
F. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem
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