Stock identification of the sciaenid fish Micropogonias undulatus in the western North Atlantic Ocean using parasites as biological tags

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany G. Baker ◽  
Serge Morand ◽  
Charles A. Wenner ◽  
William A. Roumillat ◽  
Isaure de Buron
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atlantic Croaker ◽  
South Atlantic Bight ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Micropogonias Undulatus ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
Biological Tags

AbstractProper fisheries management of the Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus is necessary in the United States due to the commercial and recreational importance of this fish species. Croaker stock structure in the western North Atlantic has been investigated in the past by various authors, with inconclusive results. In this study, macroparasites were used as biological tags to identify putative croaker stocks in the area between New Jersey and Florida, which encompasses the Mid Atlantic Bight and the South Atlantic Bight separated at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The macroparasite community of the fish was identified, showing the presence of 30 species in four phyla, of which several were new host records, and one species, a monogenean, was new to science. A canonical correspondence analysis was applied to determine the variables responsible for parasite species composition, to resolve the question of croaker stock structure in the western North Atlantic Ocean. This analysis showed that latitude was the deciding variable delineating the parasite community composition of the Atlantic croaker. Among the 30 parasites, 15 were identified as putative tags according to qualitative criteria, and then 10 out of those 15 were selected as being appropriate tags using quantitative criteria. These parasite tags support the presence of two stocks roughly separated at the known biogeographical barrier at Cape Hatteras.

scholarly journals Long-term trends in aerosol and precipitation composition over the western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 7025-7066 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Keene ◽  
J. L. Moody ◽  
J. N. Galloway ◽  
J. M. Prospero ◽  
O. R. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Since the 1980s, emissions of SO2 and NOx (NO + NO2) from anthropogenic sources in the United States (US) and Europe have decreased significantly suggesting that the export of oxidized S and N compounds from surrounding continents to the atmosphere overlying North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) has also decreased. The chemical compositions of aerosols and precipitation sampled daily on Bermuda (32.27° N, 64.87° W) from 1989 to 1997 and from 2006 to 2009 were evaluated to quantify the magnitudes, significance, and implications of associated tends in atmospheric composition. The chemical data were stratified based on FLEXPART retroplumes into four discrete transport regimes: westerly flow from the eastern North America (NEUS/SEUS); easterly trade-wind flow from northern Africa and the subtropical NAO (Africa); long, open-ocean, anticyclonic flow around the Bermuda High (Oceanic); and transitional flow from the relatively clean open ocean to the polluted northeastern US (North). Based on all data, annual average concentrations of non-sea-salt (nss) SO42- associated with aerosols and annual VWA concentrations in precipitation decreased significantly (by 22 and 49%, respectively) whereas annual VWA concentrations of NH4+ in precipitation increased significantly (by 70%). Corresponding trends in aerosol and precipitation NO3- and of aerosol NH4+ were insignificant. Nss SO42- in precipitation under NEUS/SEUS and Oceanic flow decreased significantly (61% each) whereas corresponding trends in particulate nss SO42- under both flow regimes were insignificant. Trends for precipitation were driven in part by decreasing emissions of SO2 over upwind continents and associated decreases in anthropogenic contributions to nss SO42- concentrations. Under NEUS/SEUS and Oceanic flow, the ratio of anthropogenic to biogenic contributions to to nss SO42- in the column scavenged by precipitation were relatively greater than those in near surface aerosol, which implies that, for these flow regimes, precipitation is a better indicator of overall anthropogenic impacts on the lower troposphere. Particulate nss SO42- under African flow also decreased significantly (34%) whereas the corresponding decrease in nss SO42- associated with precipitation was marginally insignificant. We infer that these trends were driven in part by reductions in the emissions and transport of oxidized S compounds from Europe. The lack of significant trends in NO3- associated with aerosols and precipitation under NEUS/SEUS flow is notable in light of the large decrease (39%) in NOx emissions in the US over the period of record. Rapid chemical processing of oxidized N in marine air contributed to this lack of correspondence. Decreasing ratios of nss SO42- to NH4+ and the significant decreasing trend in precipitation acidity (37%) indicate that the total amount of acidity in the multiphase gas-aerosol system in the western NAO troposphere decreased over the period of record. Decreasing aerosol acidities would have shifted the phase partitioning of total NH3 (NH3 + particulate NH4+) towards the gas phase thereby decreasing the atmospheric lifetime of total NH3 against wet plus dry deposition. The trend of increasing NH4+ in precipitation at Bermuda over the period of record suggests that NH3 emissions from surrounding continents also increased. Decreasing particulate nss SO42- in near-surface air under NEUS/SEUS flow over the period of record suggests a lower limit for net warming in the range of 0.1–0.3 W m-2 resulting from the decreased shortwave scattering and absorption by nss SO42- and associated aerosol constituents.

Deep-sea Amphipoda from the western North Atlantic Ocean. Caprellidea

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Laubitz ◽  
Eric L. Mills
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
A New Species

Five species of Caprellidea (Amphipoda) occur on a benthic transect between Gay Head, Massachusetts and Bermuda. Three species, Caprella rinki Stephensen, Mayerella limicola Huntsman, and Proaeginina norvegica (Stephensen) are refigured and redescribed. A new species of Thorina and a new genus and species are described from bathyal and abyssal depths. All five species are arctic–boreal in affinities and may be expected to range south only to Cape Hatteras on the continental slope, but much farther south at abyssal depths.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of Lake Agassiz drainage routes on the 8.2 ka cold event with climate modeling

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1163-1185
Author(s):  
Y.-X. Li ◽  
H. Renssen ◽  
A. P. Wiersma ◽  
T. E. Törnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Cold Event ◽  
Cape Hatteras ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The 8.2 ka event is the most prominent abrupt climate change in the Holocene and is widely believed to result from catastrophic drainage of proglacial lakes Agassiz and Ojibway (LAO) that routed through the Hudson Bay and the Labrador Sea into the North Atlantic Ocean, and perturbed Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). One key assumption of this triggering mechanism is that the LAO freshwater drainage was spread over the Labrador Sea. Recent data, however, show no evidence of lowered δ18O values from the open Labrador Sea around 8.2 ka. Instead, negative δ18O anomalies are found close to the east coast of North America, extending as far south as Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, suggesting that the freshwater drainage was probably confined to a long stretch of continental shelf before fully mixing with North Atlantic Ocean water. Here we conduct a sensitivity study that examines the effects of this southerly drainage route on the 8.2 ka event with the ECBilt-CLIO-VECODE model. Hosing experiments of four different routing scenarios, where freshwater was introduced to the Labrador Sea in the northerly route (R1) and to three different locations (Grand Banks – R2, George Bank – R3, and Cape Hatteras – R4) on the southerly route, were performed with 0.45 m sea-level equivalent (SLE), 0.90 m SLE, and 1.35 m SLE of freshwater introduced over 5 years to investigate the routing effects on model responses. The modelling results show that a southerly drainage route is plausible but generally yields reduced climatic consequences in comparison to those of a northerly route. This finding implies that more freshwater would be required for a southerly route than for a northerly route to produce the same climate anomaly.

A spatially structured tagging model to estimate movement and fishing mortality rates for the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the North Atlantic Ocean

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Aires-da-Silva ◽  
Mark N. Maunder ◽  
Vincent F. Gallucci ◽  
Nancy E. Kohler ◽  
John J. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Blue Shark ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The North Atlantic

Large numbers of blue sharks are caught as bycatch, and have even become the target species in pelagic longline fisheries in the North Atlantic Ocean. The status of the stock is ambiguous due to the limitations of the fishery-dependent data. This study presents a spatially structured tagging model to estimate blue shark movement and fishing mortality rates in the North Atlantic Ocean. The model uses the blue shark tag-recovery data collected by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Shark Tagging Program (1965–2004). Four major geographical regions (two on each side of the ocean) are assumed. The blue shark fishing mortality rates (F) were found to be heterogeneous across the four regions. While the estimates of F obtained for the western North Atlantic Ocean were historically lower than 0.1 year–1, the F estimates over the most recent decade (1990s) in the eastern side of the ocean are rapidly approaching 0.2 year–1. Because of the particular life-history of the blue shark, these results suggest careful monitoring of the fishery as the juvenile and pregnant female segments of the stock are highly vulnerable to exploitation in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean.

scholarly journals Natural and Anthropogenic Aerosol Trends from Satellite and Surface Observations and Model Simulations over the North Atlantic Ocean from 2002 to 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 4469-4485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Jongeward ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
Hao He ◽  
Xiaoxiong Xiong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract Aerosols contribute to Earth’s radiative budget both directly and indirectly, and large uncertainties remain in quantifying aerosol effects on climate. Variability in aerosol distribution and properties, as might result from changing emissions and transport processes, must be characterized. In this study, variations in aerosol loading across the eastern seaboard of the United States and the North Atlantic Ocean during 2002 to 2012 are analyzed to examine the impacts of anthropogenic emission control measures using monthly mean data from MODIS, AERONET, and IMPROVE observations and Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model simulation. MODIS observes a statistically significant negative trend in aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the midlatitudes (−0.030 decade−1). Correlation analyses with surface AOD from AERONET sites in the upwind region combined with trend analysis from GOCART component AOD confirm that the observed decrease in the midlatitudes is chiefly associated with anthropogenic aerosols that exhibit significant negative trends from the eastern U.S. coast extending over the western North Atlantic. Additional analysis of IMPROVE surface PM2.5 observations demonstrates statistically significant negative trends in the anthropogenic components with decreasing mass concentrations over the eastern United States. Finally, a seasonal analysis of observational datasets is performed. The negative trend seen by MODIS is strongest during spring (MAM) and summer (JJA) months. This is supported by AERONET seasonal trends and is identified from IMPROVE seasonal trends as resulting from ammonium sulfate decreases during these seasons.

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