Pathology associated with three new Clinostomum metacercariae from Argentina with morphological and DNA barcode identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Montes ◽  
S.E. Plaul ◽  
Y. Croci ◽  
M. Waldbillig ◽  
W. Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Pathological Analysis ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Parasitological Study

Abstract In the Laboratory of Parasites of Fishes, Crustaceans and Mollusks (CEPAVE), we undertook a parasitological study on three species of fish from the Espinal and Esteros del Iberá ecoregions of Argentina. Clinostomid metacercariae were found parasitizing Characidium rachovii, Crenicichla vittata and Gymnogeophagus balzanii. In this study, we analysed the damage that these parasites inflict on their hosts through the evaluation of histological sections. In addition, Clinostomum metacercariae were identified using morphological characters and DNA barcoding. In the pathological analysis, we observed that muscle tissue was the most affected. The inflammatory response showed vascular congestion areas and infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes. The molecular and morphological approach supports the presence of three new lineages of clinostomid metacercariae in Argentina. This could lead to the discovery of a high number of lineages or species of Clinostomum from South America.

scholarly journals A DNA barcode reference library of the French Polynesian shore fishes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Delrieu-Trottin ◽  
Jeffrey T. Williams ◽  
Diane Pitassy ◽  
Amy Driskell ◽  
Nicolas Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
I Gene

AbstractThe emergence of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding opened new ways to study biological diversity, however, the completion of DNA barcode libraries is fundamental for such approaches to succeed. This dataset is a DNA barcode reference library (fragment of Cytochrome Oxydase I gene) for 2,190 specimens representing at least 540 species of shore fishes collected over 10 years at 154 sites across the four volcanic archipelagos of French Polynesia; the Austral, Gambier, Marquesas and Society Islands, a 5,000,000 km2area. At present, 65% of the known shore fish species of these archipelagoes possess a DNA barcode associated with preserved, photographed, tissue sampled and cataloged specimens, and extensive collection locality data. This dataset represents one of the most comprehensive DNA barcoding efforts for a vertebrate fauna to date. Considering the challenges associated with the conservation of coral reef fishes and the difficulties of accurately identifying species using morphological characters, this publicly available library is expected to be helpful for both authorities and academics in various fields.

An example of problems associated with DNA barcoding in tardigrades: a novel method for obtaining voucher specimens

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3104 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELE CESARI ◽  
ILARIA GIOVANNINI ◽  
ROBERTO BERTOLANI ◽  
LORENA REBECCHI
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Moss Sample ◽  
Voucher Specimens

We have in recent papers revealed that an integrative taxonomy approach helps to solve taxonomic problems in tardigrades. However, whole tardigrades are required for DNA work, which leaves no hologenophore voucher specimens with adult morphology. Using a novel methodology for the Tardigrada, we introduce the practice of collecting high quality maximum magnification light microscopy images of recently thawed animals to act as hologenophore voucher specimens of animals later used for DNA barcode sequencing. Within the framework of a DNA barcoding project on tardigrades, we collected a moss sample from the type locality of Macrobiotus terminalis Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993 (Castelsantangelo, Central Apennines, Italy), a species of the “Macrobiotus hufelandi group”. Within the moss sample we found several animals and eggs with a morphology that corresponded to the original description of M. terminalis, while others were attributable to Macrobiotus macrocalix Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1993. In this study, molecular (cox1 mtDNA) analyses demonstrated no intraspecific variability in M. terminalis from the type locality but very large interspecific differences when compared with M. macrocalix and GenBank data for other species within the M. “hufelandi group”. There was also a large difference between our M. terminalis sequences and the GenBank data of a specimen attributed to the same species. The GenBank sequence originated from a population in the Northern Apennines, whose morphology appeared to be like that of the specimens of the locus typicus. This confirmed the importance in utilising material from the type locality for linking molecular data to the species’ morphological characters. Our paper underlines the importance of an integrative taxonomy in species diagnoses and demonstrates a scenario where morphological observations alone are not always sufficient. Lastly, this work adds reliable information to the sequence reference library that provides a useful building block for further studies on similar and related tardigrade taxa.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding of Austrian snow scorpionflies (Mecoptera, Boreidae) reveals potential cryptic diversity in Boreus westwoodi

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11424
Author(s):  
Lukas Zangl ◽  
Elisabeth Glatzhofer ◽  
Raphael Schmid ◽  
Susanne Randolf ◽  
Stephan Koblmüller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Statistical Parsimony

Background Snow scorpionflies (genus Boreus) belong to a family of Mecoptera, Boreidae, that has been vastly neglected by entomological researchers due to their shift in seasonality to the winter months. Their activity during this time is regarded as a strategy for predator avoidance and regular sightings on snow fields suggest that this also facilitates dispersal. However, many aspects about snow scorpionflies, especially systematics, taxonomy, distribution of species, phylogenetics and phylogeography have remained fairly unexplored until today. In this study, we fill some of these gaps by generating a reference DNA barcode database for Austrian snow scorpionflies in the frame of the Austrian Barcode of Life initiative and by characterising morphological diversity in the study region. Methods Initial species assignment of all 67 specimens was based on male morphological characters previously reported to differ between Boreus species and, for females, the shape of the ovipositor. DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was carried out for all 67 samples and served as a basis for BIN assignment, genetic distance calculations, as well as alternative species delimitation analyses (ABGD, GMYC, bGMYC, bPTP) and a statistical parsimony network to infer phylogenetic relationships among individual samples/sampling sites. Results Morphological investigations suggested the presence of both Boreus hyemalis and Boreus westwoodi in Austria. DNA barcoding also separated the two species, but resulted in several divergent clades, the paraphyly of B. westwoodi in Austria, and high levels of phylogeographic structure on a small geographic scale. Even though the different molecular species delimitation methods disagreed on the exact number of species, they unequivocally suggested the presence of more than the traditionally recognized two Boreus species in Austria, thus indicating potential cryptic species within the genus Boreus in general and especially in B. westwoodi.

scholarly journals Establishing the first DNA barcode reference library for freshwater decapod species (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Republic of North Macedonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Slavevska Stamenkovic ◽  
Jelena Hinic ◽  
Michal Grabowski ◽  
Tomasz Mamos ◽  
Leona Lovrenčić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The freshwater ecosystems in the Republic of North Macedonia are considered as biodiversity hotspot on the European level since they provide diverse habitats that correspond with the complex of ecological preferences that many species require. This specially applies to the freshwater crustaceans that, unfortunately, have never been in the focus of a continuous research. In R. North Macedonia, freshwater crustaceans usually inhabit ecosystems exposed to negative anthropogenic impact. Thus, some species may become extinct presenting an irreversible loss for the Macedonian natural heritage. Although DNA barcoding, as a highly effective tool for fast species detection, is already a routine protocol in many taxonomical studies all over the world, there is still no official national DNA barcoding initiative in Republic of North Macedonia. This study employs DNA barcoding based on the ca. 650-bp long standard fragment of the mt COI gene of Astacus astacus, Austropotamobius torrentium, Potamon fluviatile and Potamon ibericum previously identified based on morphological characters, collected from different parts in R. North Macedonia. The ability of the DNA barcoding to rapidly identify all species has been proven. Our research presents the first comprehensive study that employs DNA barcoding as a molecular tool in decapod taxonomy in Republic of North Macedonia, giving the first attempt to establish DNA barcode reference library for freshwater decapod species in the country. We hope that further application of this approach will lead to the construction of DNA barcode reference library for different aquatic biota in the country. Such a library will find purpose in effective and modern bioassessment protocols as well as in phylogenetic research detecting interpopulation genetic variability.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Mitragyna speciosa, a narcotic plant, from allied Mitragyna species using DNA barcoding-high-resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayapol Tungphatthong ◽  
Santhosh Kumar J. Urumarudappa ◽  
Supita Awachai ◽  
Thongchai Sooksawate ◽  
Suchada Sukrong
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Hrm Analysis ◽  
Mitragyna Speciosa ◽  
Leaf Powder

AbstractMitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. [MS], or “kratom” in Thai, is the only narcotic species among the four species of Mitragyna in Thailand, which also include Mitragyna diversifolia (Wall. ex G. Don) Havil. [MD], Mitragyna hirsuta Havil. [MH], and Mitragyna rotundifolia (Roxb.) O. Kuntze [MR]. M. speciosa is a tropical tree belonging to the Rubiaceae family and has been prohibited by law in Thailand. However, it has been extensively covered in national and international news, as its abuse has become more popular. M. speciosa is a narcotic plant and has been used as an opium substitute and traditionally used for the treatment of chronic pain and various illnesses. Due to morphological disparities in the genus, the identification of plants in various forms, including fresh leaves, dried leaf powder, and finished products, is difficult. In this study, DNA barcoding combined with high-resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis was performed to differentiate M. speciosa from allied Mitragyna and to assess the capability of Bar-HRM assays to identify M. speciosa in suspected kratom or M. speciosa-containing samples. Bar-HRM analysis of PCR amplicons was based on the ITS2, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and matK DNA barcode regions. The melting profiles of ITS2 amplicons were clearly distinct, which enabled the authentication and differentiation of Mitragyna species from allied species. This study reveals that DNA barcoding coupled with HRM is an efficient tool with which to identify M. speciosa and M. speciosa-containing samples and ensure the safety and quality of traditional Thai herbal medicines.

scholarly journals New Species of Soldier Fly—Sargus bipunctatus (Scopoli, 1763) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), Recorded from a Human Corpse in Europe—A Case Report

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Marek Michalski ◽  
Piotr Gadawski ◽  
Joanna Klemm ◽  
Krzysztof Szpila
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
New Species ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Human Corpse

The only European Stratiomyidae species known for feeding on human corpses was the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758). Analysis of fauna found on a human corpse, discovered in central Poland, revealed the presence of feeding larvae of another species from this family: the twin-spot centurion fly Sargus bipunctatus (Scopoli, 1763). The investigated corpse was in a stage of advanced decomposition. The larvae were mainly observed in the adipocere formed on the back and lower limbs of the corpse, and in the mixture of litter and lumps of adipocere located under the corpse. Adult specimens and larvae were identified based on morphological characters, and final identification was confirmed using DNA barcoding. Implementing a combination of morphological and molecular methods provided a reliable way for distinguishing the larvae of S. bipunctatus and H. illucens. The potential of S. bipunctatus for practical applications in forensic entomology is currently difficult to assess. Wide and reliable use of S. bipunctatus in the practice of forensic entomology requires further studies of the bionomy of this fly.

scholarly journals Urokinase Attenuates Pulmonary Thromboembolism in an Animal Model by Inhibition of Inflammatory Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shi ◽  
Zhirong Zhang ◽  
Danli Cai ◽  
Jing Kuang ◽  
Shuifang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Determining Factor

Inflammatory response is an important determining factor for the mortality of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. Inflammatory mediators can promote thrombus formation and increase hemodynamic instability. Urokinase is a commonly used drug for the treatment of PTE. The effect of urokinase on inflammatory reaction in PTE is still unclear. Our study was aimed at evaluating the effects of the intervention of urokinase and urokinase combined with aspirin in PTE rats. Results revealed that a large amount of infiltrated inflammatory cells surrounding the bronchus, vessels, and pulmonary mesenchyme, and even pulmonary abscess were observed in the PTE rats. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression, CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression, and TXA2 were significantly higher. After treatment with urokinase, pulmonary embolism was partially dissolved and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced. The expression of TNNI3, BNP, D2D, PASP, PADP, PAMP, and TXA2, as well as CX3CL1/CX3CR1 coexpression and CX3CL1/NF-κB coexpression were significantly lowered. Aspirin showed no synergistic action. Therefore, these findings suggested the occurrence of inflammation during the process of PTE in rats. Urokinase treatment reduced the inflammatory response.

Use of Vicryl (Polyglactin 910) Mesh to Limit Epidural Scar Formation after Laminectomy

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Nussbaum ◽  
Joseph V. McDonald ◽  
Raymond B. Baggs
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Polyglactin 910 ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Fat Grafts ◽  
Free Grafts ◽  
Vicryl Mesh

Abstract A variety of substances have been used at laminectomy sites to prevent postoperative epidural scarring. Free grafts of autologous subcutaneous fat are commonly used both clinically and experimentally. The free fat grafts usually survive, but decrease in size by about 50%. Postoperatively, subcutaneous seroma has been observed with the use of fat grafts, as well as recurrent symptoms of neural compression by the graft that required additional operations. When compared to the use of free fat grafts after laminectomy in dogs, Vicryl mesh produced slightly more scarring, but consistently less than that observed in control animals. The Vicryl mesh was resorbed by a minimal chronic inflammatory response over about 45 days. Seven of 11 fat-grafted zones showed signs of necrosis, at times with a greater collection of inflammatory cells than that associated with the Vicryl mesh. Of the 4 fat-grafted zones that showed good survival. 2 had gross evidence of neural compression. No surgical zone treated with Vicryl mesh exhibited evidence of neural compression. In view of these results, the use of Vicryl mesh at laminectomy sites may be a safer method of limiting postoperative epidural scar formation.

Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. HEENAN ◽  
ROB D. SMISSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

The generic taxonomy of the Nothofagaceae is revised. We present a new phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters and map these characters onto a recently published phylogenetic tree obtained from DNA sequence data. Results of these and previous analyses strongly support the monophyly of four clades of Nothofagaceae that are currently treated as subgenera of Nothofagus. The four clades of Nothofagaceae are robust and well-supported, with deep stem divergences, have evolutionary equivalence with other genera of Fagales, and can be circumscribed with morphological characters. We argue that these morphological and molecular differences are sufficient for the four clades of Nothofagaceae to be recognised at the primary rank of genus, and that this classification will be more informative and efficient than the currently circumscribed Nothofagus with four subgenera.        Nothofagus is recircumscribed to include five species from southern South America, Lophozonia and Trisyngyne are reinstated, and the new genus Fuscospora is described. Fuscospora and Lophozonia, with six and seven species respectively, occur in New Zealand, southern South America and Australia. Trisyngyne comprises 25 species from New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. New combinations are provided where necessary in each of these genera.

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