Photography and the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lancer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Upper Respiratory

SummaryDocumentation of normal and pathological anatomy is important to all medical practitioners. The ability to visualize and photograph the upper respiratory tract has been revolutionized by the advent of the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope (FFRL), which demonstrates a one-instrument capability for the examination and photodocumentation of the ears, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and trachea (Selkin, 1984). If a large natural maxillary ostium, or surgical window, is present, the antrum may also be examined.

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

scholarly journals Preventive and therapeutic role of nasal irrigation in management of acute respiratory disease during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
Zh. T. Mokoyan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Nasal Irrigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nasal Saline Irrigation ◽  
Tract Infections

It has long been known, that nasal saline irrigation is a safe and effective method, which is routinely prescribed by otorhinolaryngologists to prevent and to treat a wide range of pathologies. There are a lot of publications on different irrigation techniques and methods. This literature review discusses the key parameters of nasal irrigation, including tonicity, pH, and the additional components, and explains how they affect the effectiveness of the procedure. The vast majority of available publications did not found any possible changes in the effectiveness of solutions with different pH close to neutral meaning. Whereas, the volume of the irrigated solution, increases the efficiency of the irrigation in direct proportion. Thus, the largest distribution area of the solute is noted when washing with a large volume of liquid. Nasal saline irrigation is an effective treatment option for patients with several acute and chronic diseases and for postoperative care after rhinosurgery. Moreover, nasal irrigation might be used as an effective non-specific method for prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Irrigation of the nasal cavity reduces the mucus viscosity and promotes its faster elimination, along with pathogens fixed in it. Additionally, irrigation with isotonic saline solutions increases the hydration of the underlying water base, which enhances the frequency of ciliary beat and reduces the concentration of local inflammatory mediators. COVID-19 pandemic situation due to lack of any specific antiviral drugs dictates the necessity of an effective non-specific preventive option, which could be introduced worldwide. The so-called full volume lavage of the nasal cavity allows for better cleaning of the nasal cavity and effective moisturizing of the mucous membrane. It is the timely cleansing and moisturizing that are most important for maintaining the normal activity of the local protective mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract.

Measurement of Local Mass Transfer Coefficients in a Cast Model of the Human Upper Respiratory Tract

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Hanna ◽  
P. W. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Local Mass ◽  
Local Mass Transfer ◽  
Cast Model ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Local mass transfer coefficients measured using the naphthalene sublimation technique in an acrylic cast model of the human upper respiratory tract are reported as the Sherwood numbers for the corresponding regions. A steady air flow rate of 12 L per min was used for all measurements. Values of the Sherwood number are seen to be highest in the nasal cavity and proximal nasopharynx while a minimum value occurs just downstream from the larynx. Local values of the Nusselt number obtained in the trachea and proximal nasal cavity assuming a complete heat and mass transfer analogy agree well with in-vivo physiological measurements. The mass transfer coefficients found can be incorporated into an analytical model of respiratory heat and water vapor transfer or into a model of pollutant gas uptake in the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Effects of Ammonia Inhalation and Acetic Acid Pretreatment on Colonization Kinetics of Toxigenic Pasteurella multocida within Upper Respiratory Tracts of Swine

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1260-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. C. Hamilton ◽  
J. M. Roe ◽  
C. M. Hayes ◽  
A. J. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Morphometric Index ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Kinetics Of

Pigs reared in intensive production systems are continuously exposed to ammonia released by the microbial degradation of their excrement. Exposure to this gas has been shown to increase the severity of the disease progressive atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig’s upper respiratory tract by Pasteurella multocida. The etiological mechanism responsible for this synergy was investigated by studying the colonization kinetics of P. multocida enhanced by ammonia and comparing them with those evoked by an established disease model. Three-week-old Large White piglets were weaned and allocated to five experimental groups (groups A to E). Pigs in groups A and B were exposed continuously to ammonia at 20 ppm for the first 2 weeks of the study. Pigs in group C were pretreated with 0.5 ml of 1% acetic acid per nostril on days −2 and −1 of the study. On day 0 all the pigs in groups A, C, and D were inoculated with 1.4 × 108 toxigenic P. multocida organisms given by the intranasal route. The kinetics of P. multocida colonization were established by testing samples obtained at weekly intervals throughout the study. The study was terminated on day 37, and the extent of turbinate atrophy was determined by using a morphometric index. The results of the study showed that exposure to aerial ammonia for a limited period had a marked effect on the colonization of toxigenic P. multocidain the nasal cavities of pigs, which resulted in the almost total exclusion of commensal flora. In contrast, ammonia had only a limited effect on P. multocida colonization at the tonsil. The exacerbation of P. multocida colonization by ammonia was restricted to the period of ammonia exposure, and the number ofP. multocida organisms colonizing the upper respiratory tract declined rapidly upon the cessation of exposure to ammonia. During the exposure period, the ammonia levels in mucus recovered from the nasal cavity and tonsil were found to be 7- and 3.5-fold higher, respectively, than the levels in samples taken from unexposed controls. Acetic acid pretreatment also induced marked colonization of the nasal cavity which, in contrast to that induced by ammonia, persisted throughout the time course of the study. Furthermore, acetic acid pretreatment induced marked but transient colonization of the tonsil. These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of ammonia acts through an etiological mechanism different from that evoked by acetic acid pretreatment. A strong correlation was found between the numbers of P. multocida organisms isolated from the nasal cavity and the severity of clinical lesions, as determined by using a morphometric index. The data presented in the paper highlight the potential importance of ammonia as an exacerbating factor in respiratory disease of intensively reared livestock.

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OF CHANGES IN THE NASAL CAVITY MICROBIOME IN CHILDREN WITH MALIGNANT PARAMENINGEAL TUMORS DURING CHEMORADIATION THERAPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
A.D. Rodina ◽  
◽  
T.V. Gorbunova ◽  
O.A. Merkulov ◽  
N.V. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Malignant tumors of parameningeal localization are various morphological neoplasms located in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses and middle ear. As a result of tumor growth, conditions are created for the development of chronic inflammation. Studies of the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract in children with malignant tumors were practically not conducted. Objective of the research: to identify changes in the microbiome of the nasal cavity in children with malignant tumors of parameningeal localization during chemoradiotherapy. Materials and methods: the study included 29 patients with parameningeal tumors, 2–17 years old. Among the included in the study there were 18 boys (62%) and 11 girls (37%). Morphologically, the following were verified: embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) – 17 (58%), alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (arms) – 3 (10%), other sarcomas – 4 (13%), nasopharyngeal cancer – 5 (17%). All patients received induction chemotherapy. Simultaneous radiotherapy (LT) and chemotherapy (CT) – in 24 (82%) cases. After completing the chemoradiotherapy stage, consolidation therapy continued in 20 (70%) patients. Results: before the start of LT (after the induction stage of chemotherapy), a variety of microflora was observed in the nasal secretions, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were isolated in an equal ratio. The absence of growth of microorganisms was determined in 4 (13%) cases before the start of LT. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were more frequently detected after LT. Colonization of the nasal cavity of Candida albicans occurred before the start of LT in 4 (13%) and persisted after irradiation in 5 (17%) patients. In the delayed period, there was an increase in the percentage of patients who ridiculed gram-negative microorganisms – Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4 (13%) cases. After 12 months, 3 (10%) patients showed a return of nosocomial flora (S. epidermidis MRSE and S. haemolyticus MRS), a decrease in colonization of P. aeruginosa and the preservation of C. albicans. Conclusion: at different stages of chemoradiotherapy, the nasal mucosa is colonized by various microorganisms that differ in their properties and pathogenicity. The continuation of this study will clarify the clinical significance of certain types of opportunistic microorganisms in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children with malignant tumors.

scholarly journals Sinonasal Leiomyoma: Report of 2 Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Agarwal ◽  
Ramanuj Bansal ◽  
Deepti Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tumors ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Leiomyomas are benign smooth-muscle tumors that are common in the alimentary tract, uterus, skin, and subcutaneous tissue. They are very uncommon in the upper respiratory tract and rare in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. To the best of our knowledge, only 23 such cases have heretofore been published in the literature. We report 2 new cases of sinonasal leiomyoma that originated at different sites in the nasal cavity. We also discuss the various investigative and therapeutic modalities available.

Biophysical mechanisms of dehydration of nasal cavity secretion in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
V. V. Shabalin ◽  
G. P. Zaharova ◽  
G. S. Maltseva ◽  
I. I. Chernushevich ◽  
T. A. Aleksanyan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Septal rhinoscleroma

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-221
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shoeib
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Past History ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tip Rhinoplasty

ABSTRACTRhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous condition of the nose and other structures of the upper respiratory tract. Infection by the bacterium Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis is said to be the cause. A female patient aged 45 years, presented with a past history of trauma to the nose and swelling on her nose since last 1 year. There was nasal asymmetry and internal nasal examination showed a septal swelling protruding to the right nasal cavity with hypertrophied nasal mucosa and inferior turbinate. Open tip rhinoplasty approach was used to excise the mass, which examined pathologically revealing a rhinoscleroma, fibrotic infiltrative stage.

Nasal function and dysfunction in exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Walker ◽  
P Surda ◽  
M Rossiter ◽  
S Little
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractBackground:There have been recent advances in our appreciation of the functional complementarity of the upper and lower airways. The unified airway begins at the nose: rather than acting merely as a conduit for air to the lungs, the nose and nasal cavity perform an important role in filtering, humidification and immune surveillance.Methods:The physiological and pathological responses of the nasal cavity to exercise and regular training are examined in this narrative review, with specific reference to the relation of nasal health to quality of life, lower airway health and upper respiratory tract infections. Relevant literature is examined and placed in clinical context.Results:There is considerable published evidence to support nasal dysfunction associated with exercise, and a link to lower airway dysfunction. Evidence also supports the role of upper and lower airway dysfunction in the development of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms.Conclusion:Nasal dysfunction in exercise may be a source of considerable morbidity to the regular exerciser, and further research into exercise-induced rhinitis is recommended.

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