The effect of Otosporin and Gentisone HC on the mitotic index and thickness of the tympanic membrane and meatal skin in the guinea pig.

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Monkhouse ◽  
B. Chir ◽  
I. P. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Ear Drops

Otosporin and Gentisone HC ear drops were inserted twice daily for 3 weeks into the external auditory meatuses of guinea pigs. An intraperitoneal injection of vincristine (1 mg/kg.) was given to each animal three hours before it was killed. Temporal bones and attached external auditory meatuses were dissected, tissues were fixed in 10 per cent buffered formalin, decalcified in EDTA, and embedded in JB4 plastic for sectioning at 4 μm. The proliferative activity in the epidermis of the bony meatus and in the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane was obtained by deriving the mitotic indices. After both types of ear drops there was a statistically significant reduction in mitotic indices, the values being about half the control values. The proliferative activity in the tympanic membrane was too low to permit statistical analysis, but no differences were apparent between the groups. The thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis of the bony canal, and of the tympanic membrane, were measured using a Kontron MOP-AM03 analyser. Although the dermis was thinner as a result of the administration of ear drops, both the epidermis of the bony meatus and that of the tympanic membrane were thicker, all these changes being statistically significant.

scholarly journals THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS IN PNEUMOCOCCUS IMMUNITY

1925 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Mackenzie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
Immunity Mechanism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Derivatives Of

1. Intraperitoneal injections of killed and living broth cultures of a virulent pneumococcus produce in guinea pigs a high degree of active immunity and a serum with strong protective power. 2. Despite the protective power of such serum no agglutinins for the homologous organism and no precipitins for soluble derivatives were demonstrable. 3. Guinea pig immunity to pneumococcus infection produced by the method described is not attended by cutaneous allergy to derivatives of the pneumococcus used for immunization. 4. During the course of an artificially produced active immunity, anaphylaxis may at times be present and at times absent without any measurable effect upon the resistance of the animal to infection by intraperitoneal injection. 5. In the particular instance studied, the experiments indicate that anaphylaxis to pneumococcus protein has no important effect upon the resistance of the animal to infection. It appears to be a concomitant without any significant rôle in the immunity mechanism.

Effect of thermal energy produced by drilling on the facial nerve: histopathologic evaluation in guinea pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Aslan ◽  
H Seda Vatansever ◽  
Gulay Guclu Aslan ◽  
Gorkem Eskiizmir ◽  
Gulsen Giray
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The effect of thermal energy due to drilling around the facial nerve canal on the facial nerve was histopathologically evaluated in four guinea pigs. The bony canal of the facial nerve was drilled using a 3mm diamond burr for one minute. The temperature changes on the facial nerve canalwere noted before and after dissection. The temporal bones of the animals were histopathologically examined under light microscopy using haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and solochrome cyanine staining for myelin, and immunohistochemical staining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Compared to the control group, it was observed with H&E staining that there was oedema among the axonal fibres and with solochrome cyanine staining that the thickness of the myelin fibres was decreased, and that the severity and extent of nNOS activity was decreased in the axonal fibres. It was concluded that a temperature increase on the facial canal may potentially lead to inflammation of the nerve, and may also cause deterioration of nerve conduction to some extent.

INSEMINATION OF THE GUINEA-PIG BY INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. ROWLANDS
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Temporal Relation ◽  
Foetal Development

SUMMARY Intraperitoneal injection has been shown to be a method of insemination which produces a high conception rate in guinea-pigs. The proportion that become pregnant increases from 0 to 100% by raising the number of spermatozoa inseminated over the comparatively narrow range of 3·0 × 107-5·0 × 107. The conception rate is high in animals inseminated between 0 and 16 hr after the end of oestrus; all animals (17) inseminated with more than 5·0 × 107 spermatozoa during the first half of this period became pregnant. The incidence of pregnancy is very low in animals inseminated intraperitoneally during oestrus and at 18 hr or more after oestrus. The temporal relation between successful insemination and ovulation is the reverse of that obtaining in mated animals or after intravaginal insemination [Blandau & Young, 1939]. Fertility, determined by an estimate of the fertilization rate, by the number of foetuses in utero and the rate of foetal development is similar to that following mating. Reasons for the failure of fertilization in animals intraperitoneally inseminated during oestrus are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of soy isoflavone genistein on orthodontic tooth movement in guinea pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Suparwitri ◽  
Pinandi Sri Pudyani ◽  
Sofia Mubarika Haryana ◽  
Dewi Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Soybean Isoflavone ◽  
Genistein Treatment

Background: Osteoblast and osteoclast are the important factor in periodontal tissue remodeling for the orthodontic treatment success. Resorption process takes place in compression area by osteoclast and apposition in the tension area by osteoblast. In general hormone condition and age affect remodeling process. Estrogen has a high contribution in remodelling process and decreased in elderly individual such as menopausal women. Soybean contains isoflavone genistein which has similar structure and activity to estrogen. Many researchers indicate that isoflavone genistein not only has an inhibitor effect in osteoporosis but also has estrogenic and antiestrogenic effect as well. Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the effect of soybean isoflavone genistein administration on osteoblast and osteoclast cells number in orthodontic tooth movement of young and old guinea pigs. Method: The research was quasi-experimental study with post test only with control design. The experimental animals were 24 male guinea pigs that divided into: young guinea pigs (±4 months old) and old guinea pigs (±2.5 years old). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups for receiving the treatment namely; control, orthodontic treatment, genistein treatment and orthodontic+genistein treatment. All of the subjects were sacrificed at day 7 and the specimens were histologically analyzed using tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP) and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and observed using microscope that connected to obtilab and an image raster program. Result: U Mann-Whitney statistical analysis showed there were significant differences in osteoblast cell numbers; between orthodontic treatment and orthodontic+genistein treatment in the old guinea pigs (p=0.004); between orthodontic treatment in the young guinea pig and orthodontic+genistein treatment in the old guinea pig (p=0.016); between orthodontics treatment and orthodontic+genistein treatment in the young guinea pigs (p=0.025). U Mann-Whitney statistical analysis showed there were significant differences in osteoclast cell numbers: between the orthodontic treatment in the old guinea pig and orthodontics+genistein treatment in the young guinea pigs (p=0.007); between orthodontic treatment group in the young guinea pigs and orthodontics+genistein treatment in the old guinea pigs; between orthodontic treatment and orthodontic+ genistein treatment in the young guinea pigs (p=0.007). All groups administered by genistein the numbers of osteoblast in the surrounding of the tension sites increased, while in the surrounding of the compression sites had less osteoclasts; even, there were no osteoclasts found in some samples. Conclusion: Soybean isoflavone genistein administration on orthodontic tooth movement increased osteoblast numbers in the tension sides and decreased osteoclast numbers in the compression sides.

Vibration measurement of the tympanic membrane of guinea pig temporal bones using time-averaged speckle pattern interferometry

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Wada ◽  
Masayoshi Ando ◽  
Masataka Takeuchi ◽  
Hironori Sugawara ◽  
Takuji Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Temporal Bones

A STUDY OF VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS: V. ALCOHOLIC PRECIPITATES PREPARED FROM A DISSOCIATED STRAIN OF BR. ABORTUS AND FROM E. COLI AND B. SUBTILIS

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Ronald Gwatkin
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
E Coli

An alcoholic precipitate from an R strain of Brucella abortus resembled the organism from which it was obtained. Toxicity was low, it produced only a slight reaction in the skin of an infected guinea pig and it had no antigenic power in the complement fixation test. An alcoholic precipitate of E. coli was more toxic than any obtained from Br. abortus. The effects of intraperitoneal injections of colon precipitate were modified by anti-colon serum. Intraperitoneal injection of an alcoholic precipitate of B. subtilis produced no change in guinea pigs other than a slight fall in temperature.

THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE ALCOHOL AND ACTH (ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE) ON SKIN HOMOGRAFTS IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH M. SPARROW
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cortisone Acetate ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone

SUMMARY 1. Subcutaneous injection twice daily of 5 mg of cortisone alcohol is as effective in prolonging the life of skin homografts in the guinea-pig as the daily administration of 25 mg of cortisone acetate, under the conditions of administration. 2. A preparation equivalent to 12·5 mg of ACTH (Armour), when given daily subcutaneously in a slow-release medium (beeswax and arachis oil), gave a prolongation of epithelial survival not less than that obtained with cortisone. 3. The course of the homograft reaction in guinea-pigs treated with cortisone alcohol, and in some of those receiving ACTH, was not exactly the same as that produced bycortisone acetate. There was a strong inflammatory reaction in the grafts at an early stage, while the graft epithelium showed vigorous proliferative activity. The grafts on other animals receiving ACTH showed delayed vascularization and leucocytic infiltration with relative quiescence of the epithelium in the early stages. Nevertheless, the general course of the reaction in both cases was of a prolonged vacillating type. 4. It is suggested that large supplementary doses of cortisone are required to produce an appreciable prolongation in the survival time of skin homografts in guinea-pigs, because their normal output of 'glucocorticoids' is high and their tissues are relatively insensitive. The efficacy of ACTH in the guinea-pig as compared with other animals, e.g. the rabbit, is at present unexplained.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document