Effect of thermal energy produced by drilling on the facial nerve: histopathologic evaluation in guinea pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Aslan ◽  
H Seda Vatansever ◽  
Gulay Guclu Aslan ◽  
Gorkem Eskiizmir ◽  
Gulsen Giray
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The effect of thermal energy due to drilling around the facial nerve canal on the facial nerve was histopathologically evaluated in four guinea pigs. The bony canal of the facial nerve was drilled using a 3mm diamond burr for one minute. The temperature changes on the facial nerve canalwere noted before and after dissection. The temporal bones of the animals were histopathologically examined under light microscopy using haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and solochrome cyanine staining for myelin, and immunohistochemical staining for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Compared to the control group, it was observed with H&E staining that there was oedema among the axonal fibres and with solochrome cyanine staining that the thickness of the myelin fibres was decreased, and that the severity and extent of nNOS activity was decreased in the axonal fibres. It was concluded that a temperature increase on the facial canal may potentially lead to inflammation of the nerve, and may also cause deterioration of nerve conduction to some extent.

Otopathologic Abnormalities in CHARGE Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110089
Author(s):  
Rafael da Costa Monsanto ◽  
Renata Malimpensa Knoll ◽  
Norma de Oliveira Penido ◽  
Grace Song ◽  
Felipe Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Charge Syndrome ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Temporal Bones

Objective To perform an otopathologic analysis of temporal bones (TBs) with CHARGE syndrome. Study Design Otopathologic study of human TB specimens. Setting Otopathology laboratories. Methods From the otopathology laboratories at the University of Minnesota and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, we selected TBs from donors with CHARGE syndrome. These TBs were serially sectioned at a thickness of 20 µm, and every 10th section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We performed otopathologic analyses of the external ear, middle ear (middle ear cleft, mucosal lining, ossicles, mastoid, and facial nerve), and inner ear (cochlea, vestibule, internal auditory canal, and cochlear and vestibular nerves). The gathered data were statistically analyzed. Results Our study included 12 TBs from 6 donors. We found a high prevalence of abnormalities affecting the ears. The most frequent findings were stapes malformation (100%), aberrant course of the facial nerve (100%) with narrow facial recess (50%), sclerotic and hypodeveloped mastoids (50%), cochlear (100%) and vestibular (83.3%) hypoplasia with aplasia of the semicircular canals, hypoplasia and aplasia of the cochlear (66.6%) and vestibular (91.6%) nerves, and narrowing of the bony canal of the cochlear nerve (66.6%). The number of spiral ganglion and Scarpa’s ganglion neurons were decreased in all specimens (versus normative data). Conclusions In our study, CHARGE syndrome was associated with multiple TB abnormalities that may severely affect audiovestibular function and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Effects of cranial osteopathic techniques in the symptoms of benign positional paroxistic vertical

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Otávio Augusto do Nascimento Oliveira ◽  
Laiana Sepúlveda de Andrade Mesquita ◽  
Maurício Rocha Mendes ◽  
Lílian Maria Magalhães Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Laís Cristina Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
A Value ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Background: The benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of dizziness among the population. The osteopathy is a practice of manual therapy which is guided by a holistic perspective of human being, the cranial osteopathy affirms that the respective bones of the cranium represent mobility. Objective: To investigate the effect of the cranial osteopathy techniques on the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Methods: The current study included 20 female subjects, each one of them with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, distributed in two groups, an intervention group and a control group (placebo); in order to detect the BPPV, was applied the Dix-Hallpike test before and after the interventions. Three techniques of cranial osteopathy were used on the structures related to vestibule and to the temporal bones: mobilization of temporal bones, tensioning of cerebellar tentorium and mobilization of eyeball. All statistical analyzes were performed using the GraphPad Prism 6.0 software (GraphPad Software, CA).Results: Among the intervention group, 7 of 10 individuals were negative to the Dix-Hallpike test, whilst individuals of the control group remained positive to the test. In the statistical analysis verified that the intervention with osteopathic techniques had a significant effect in compared to the control group, with a value p=0.0261. Conclusion: The cranial osteopathy appears to be able of produce effects on the vestibular activity, whereas were able to reduce, in a significant means, the symptoms concerning to BPPV.

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS II) in the hydropic vestibule after injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin into the endolymphatic sac of guinea pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Watanabe ◽  
Shunichi Tomiyama ◽  
Ken Jinnouchi ◽  
Alexander Hess ◽  
Olaf Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

This study was undertaken to examine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS / NOS II) in the hydropic vestibule of guinea pigs. Animals were systemically sensitized with 500 μg of keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Two weeks after the first injection, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (100 μg/5 μl) was injected into the endolymphatic sac following the intradural approach, and the next day temporal bones were removed for the immunohistochemical examination. Endolymphatic hydrops was evidenced by the expansion of the Reissner's membrane in the cochlea after direct injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin into the endolymphatic sac. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression was increased in the sensory cells, supporting cells and vestibular ganglion cells, while temporal bones, where only phosphate buffered saline was injected, did not show any inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. High levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed nitric oxide were detected prior to the development of the inner ear dysfunction. Our results suggest that the occurrence of inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity parallels the inner ear disturbance as seen in endolymphatic hydrops.

The effect of Otosporin and Gentisone HC on the mitotic index and thickness of the tympanic membrane and meatal skin in the guinea pig.

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Monkhouse ◽  
B. Chir ◽  
I. P. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Ear Drops

Otosporin and Gentisone HC ear drops were inserted twice daily for 3 weeks into the external auditory meatuses of guinea pigs. An intraperitoneal injection of vincristine (1 mg/kg.) was given to each animal three hours before it was killed. Temporal bones and attached external auditory meatuses were dissected, tissues were fixed in 10 per cent buffered formalin, decalcified in EDTA, and embedded in JB4 plastic for sectioning at 4 μm. The proliferative activity in the epidermis of the bony meatus and in the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane was obtained by deriving the mitotic indices. After both types of ear drops there was a statistically significant reduction in mitotic indices, the values being about half the control values. The proliferative activity in the tympanic membrane was too low to permit statistical analysis, but no differences were apparent between the groups. The thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis of the bony canal, and of the tympanic membrane, were measured using a Kontron MOP-AM03 analyser. Although the dermis was thinner as a result of the administration of ear drops, both the epidermis of the bony meatus and that of the tympanic membrane were thicker, all these changes being statistically significant.

Effect of irradiation on guinea pig ABR thresholds

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (6_part_1) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Greene ◽  
Neil A. Giddings ◽  
John T. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Bones

A significant number of patients undergo Irradiation to the temporal bone for malignancies. Conflicting reports exist regarding the effects of irradiation on hearing thresholds. Although radiation-induced otitis media and osteoradionecrosis of the ossicles with resultant conductive hearing loss are well-documented, there is disagreement regarding the effect of irradiation on sensorineural hearing. Previous animal models, relying only on behavioral tests and reflex thresholds, have failed to reveal consistent threshold shifts after irradiation. However, with the advent of auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, a reliable objective measurement of hearing in animals is available. Hearing thresholds were determined bilaterally by ABR testing in 21 albino guinea pigs. The left temporal bones of sixteen animals were then Irradiated with a total dose ranging from 5750 to 7000 cGy over 7 weeks. The right ears of these animals, plus both ears of five nonlrradlated guinea pigs, served as controls. Follow-up threshold ABRs were obtained immediately post-irradlation (RT), and at 6 and 12 months post-RT. Average thresholds in all groups increased over time: 60 dB in the control group; 53 dB in the control ears of the Irradiated animals; and 46 dB in the Irradiated ears. There were no statistically significant increases in ABR thresholds for Irradiated ears vs. control ears. At the 6-month followup, hearing was actually better in the Irradiated ears than the control ears and this difference between ears was significantly greater than the difference at baseline ( p < 0.026). Overall, there was no evidence that irradiation produces changes in ABR thresholds.

scholarly journals Auditory Efferent System Influences the Auditory Overshoot Phenomenon- An Auditory Brainstem Response Study in Guinea Pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Haddadzade Niri ◽  
◽  
Nariman Rahbar ◽  
Akram Pourbakht ◽  
Hamid Haghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Efferent System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Overshoot Phenomenon ◽  
Auditory Efferent ◽  
Objective Tool

Introduction: Detection of a brief tonal signal at the beginning of a longer masking noise is difficult, but it becomes easier when the onset of signal is delayed. This phenomenon is known as overshoot or temporal effect. Aiming of our study was to investigate the effect of the auditory efferent nerves (AENs) function on the auditory electrophysiological overshoot, further introducing an objective tool examining one of the AENs performances. Therefore, the effect and the trend of changes induced by low and high-frequency stimuli on electrophysiological overshoot in different delay onset time (DOTs) between the signal and the noise before and after dissecting the AENs were studied. Methods: Right internal auditory canals were exposed in 16 young male guinea pigs weighing 250 to 350 g. The inferior and posterior vestibular nerves that are known to carry AENs were transected in half of the subjects. Then, the ABR waveforms were recorded at 16 & 8 kHz tone burst stimuli at 0, 30, 60, 100 ms DOTs relative to wide-band noise. The value of latency of ABR waves I and III were compared among the different DOTs and five signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) before and after the surgery. Results: By increasing DOTs, the latency of ABR waves I& III decreased in the control group before and after the surgery and the case group before surgery at 16 kHz. However, the observed overshoot-like effect disappeared after the surgery in the case group. The wave's latency I& III increased from 0 to 30 ms, remained approximately constant from 30 to 60ms, and then began to decrease toward 100 ms DOTs. However, none of the measurements at 8 kHz, before and after surgery at both groups showed an overshoot effect. Conclusion(s): By using the ABR paradigm, the overshoot phenomenon disappeared after the transection of AENs. The results confirmed the role of the efferent system on auditory overshoot. Therefore, an objective tool to measure auditory efferent function is provided.

scholarly journals Guinea pigs as experimental model to evaluate the resistance of the tissue expander capsule

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Fábio Xerfan Nahas ◽  
Luis O. Vasconez ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tissue Expander ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

The purpose of this study is to report the use of guinea pigs as experimental model to study the resitance of the tissue expander capsule. Two groups were studied. In both groups a round 20 cc tissue expander, attached to a multiperforated catheter was inserted. The pocket housing was standardized. The skin over the expanded area was tattooed demarcating the area and arc, which were measured before and after each expansion. Every 4 days, a volume corresponding to 10% of the expander's total capacity was injected. Animals of the control group received 3 cc of saline through the catheter at the same time of expansion. Animals of the experimental group received 3 cc of the HBGF-1 diluted with saline. The intraluminal pressure of the expander was measured before and after the injection. After its total filling, the animals were sacrificed and 5 cc more were injected into each expander. The pressure was measured after each 1 cc injected. The capsule was examined histologically by immunofluorescence, trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin stains with the purpose of quantifying collagen and fibroblasts. The experimental model to study the resistance of the tissue expander's capsule showed to be feasible in guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture Stimulation at “Zusanli” Acupoint on Hepatic NO Release and Blood Perfusion in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-you Wang ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Li-mei Tang ◽  
Shun-yue Li ◽  
Mei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Release ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The study is to observe the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at “Zusanli” (ST36) on the release of nitric oxide (NO) and blood perfusion (BP) in the liver and further explore whether the hepatic blood perfusion (HBP) changes were regulated by EA ST36 induced NO in nitric oxide synthase inhibited mice. The HBP change of the mice was detected by laser speckle perfusion imaging (LSPI) before and after being given interventions, and the NO in liver tissue was detected by nitric acid reductase in each group. The NO levels and HBP in the L-NAME group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The NO level and HBP increase in EA group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The NO level in the L-NAME EA group was slightly higher than that in the L-NAME group. The HBP increase in the L-NAME EA group was not statistically significant. These results showed that EA could accelerate the synthesis of NO and thereby increase HBP via vasodilation in liver tissue.

Anti-inflammatory effect of erythromycin on histamine-induced otitis media with effusion in guinea pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Aktan ◽  
Cemal Gundogdu ◽  
Harun Ucuncu ◽  
Bunyami Unal ◽  
Yavuz Sütbeyaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Methylprednisolone Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of erythromycin was investigated in a model of histamine-induced otitis media with effusion (OME). OME was induced in guinea pigs by the transtympanic injection of histamine solution into the middle-ear cavity. Guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, erythromycin treatment, or methylprednisolone treatment. After histamine injection, the animals were treated with intraperitoneal medication for five days consecutively. Afterwards, the animals were sacrificed and the temporal bones were removed. The samples were examined stereologically.In the erythromycin-treated group, it was observed that neutrophil infiltration was significantly inhibited when compared to the control group. This result shows that erythromycin may produce a significant anti-inflammatory effect in this model of OME.

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

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