The Import-Licensing System in Kenya

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
D. S. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Adequate Account

During the last decade or so there has been considerable interest in the nature and effects of protection policies on the economic performance of developing countries, and a number of attempts have been made to measure the levels of protection afforded local activities. It is, of course, desirable that such studies should take adequate account of the system of protection in its entirety, and this includes a consideration of direct (i.e. quantitative) as well as indirect (i.e. tariff) restrictions of imports.

scholarly journals Harvester Evaluation Using Real-Time Kinematic GNSS and Hiring Service Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Md. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Takashi S. T. Tanaka ◽  
Md. Rostom Ali ◽  
Chayan Kumer Saha ◽  
Md. Monjurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Real Time Kinematic ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Asian Developing Countries

To reduce human drudgery and the risk of labor shortages in the Asian developing countries, the appropriate introduction of agricultural machinery, especially combine harvesters, is an urgent task. Custom hiring services (CHSs) are expected to contribute to making paddy harvesters prevalent in developing countries; however, the economic performance has been rarely quantified. The study was carried out to precisely evaluate the machine performance attributes of medium and large combine harvesters using the real-time kinematic (RTK) global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and to estimate the economic performance of CHSs of paddy harvesters in Japan, as a typical case of Asian countries. The financial profitability was evaluated by four major indicators: net present value, benefit–cost ratio, internal rate of return, and payback period. The financial indicators showed that both types of harvester could be considered financially viable. Thus, the investment in combine harvesters can be highly profitable for CHS business by a local service provider and custom-hire entrepreneur, providing a great opportunity to use a combine harvester without initial investment by general farmers. The findings demonstrated the high feasibility of CHSs of paddy harvesters in Japan, while they highlighted that further study is needed to estimate the feasibility of CHS in the other Asian developing countries.

International Agricultural Trade Reform and Developing Countries: The Case of the European Community

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-646
Author(s):  
Joseph A. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Reform ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

We are all aware that agriculture is important to developing countries as a source of income, employment and export earnings. To a far greater extent than in the OECD countries, agriculture it central to the economic performance of developing countries and the livelihood of their inhabitants. Rural societies in developing countries are directly dependent on the agricultural sector and urban dwellers rely on agriculture to provide food security and sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, many developing countries heavily rely on the export earnings or are highly dependent on food imports. Given the fact that the poorest and most threatened communities and countries are typically the most highly dependent, the resolution of pressing global agricultural policy and trade issues is critical to sustainable development and poverty alleviation.

The Knowledge Economy as a Development Potential for Industrialized Countries and a Perspective for Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Fredj Fhima ◽  
Walid Trabelsi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Education System ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Knowledge Based

Based on a panel of 51 countries (22 developed and 29 developing) for a period from 2002 to 2012, this study develops a number of indicators and indexes to compare these two groups of countries according to their knowledge economy content. Results show that in OECD countries, knowledge plays a central role in economic performance and growth. These countries have managed to convert knowledge to ability; they are called knowledge-based economies. Developing countries, although they use knowledge, only few of them are regarded as knowledge-based. The success of a strategy of building the knowledge economy requires investments in knowledge which translates into expenditures on research and development and a strong education system.

Islamic Banking and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-114
Author(s):  
Bilal Kchouri ◽  
Thorsten Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors

This chapter measures the effect of growth in Islamic Banking assets on economic performance in a sample of 32 developed and developing countries based on data for the period 2000-2017. The findings show that, although Islamic banks are considered small relative to the total size of the financial sector, these are positively correlated with economic growth even after controlling for financial structure, macroeconomic factors and other variables. The outcome is robust across different econometric specifications like pooling OLS, fixed effects, and panel data with over-identified GMM. The results are confirmed on two different indicators of Islamic banking and hold for different periods. Empirical findings confirm theoretical expectations that although Islamic banking still represents a relatively very small share of the financial system, it is growing and generating an economic boost to ensure a stable banking industry.

Impact of remittances on economic performance in consideration of institutional quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-507
Author(s):  
Surya Nepal ◽  
Sae Woon Park ◽  
Sunhae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Asian Developing Countries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the impact of remittances on the economic performance of the 16 Asian developing countries, taking account of their institutional qualities.Design/methodology/approachA panel of 16 Asian developing countries (Central Asia, South Asia, and ASEAN) over the period of 2002–2016 is employed in the analysis. To assess the impact of remittances on economic performance in consideration of institutional quality, OLS estimates as well as GMM are used.FindingsThe effect of remittances on economic growth is statistically significant. In addition, they also impact economic growth when they interact with institutional or financial development variables. For the long-run growth process of Central Asian, South Asian, and ASEAN countries, a sound and smooth institutional framework appears to be indispensable. Also, it was found that more fragile economies tend to achieve bigger growth than less fragile economies, as this kind of growth is triggered by more remittances flowing into fragile economies. However, the impact of remittances on growth does not depend on the level of ICT. FDI and financial development have positive impact on growth.Research limitations/implicationsThere are limitations to this research as well. Due to the unavailability of data, several countries had to be removed from this study. The cost of sending money might be an important variable for this study. However, the data on this variable from reliable sources are almost impossible to gather. Therefore, this variable is also not included in this research. The savings from remittances when intermediated through formal financial channels will, in fact, produce a positive allocation and distribution of resources that may eventually become an important source of growth. However, one precondition for larger and greater growth is that remittances need to be well and properly utilized by the financial sector. Therefore, quality institutions should be formed first, which can facilitate investment activities and make the flow of remittances more convenient.Originality/valueThis paper exclusively considers the case of Asian developing countries (Central Asia, South Asia, and ASEAN) to assess the impact of remittances on the economic performance of these countries, with special consideration of the interaction effects of remittances and institutional quality in these emerging Asian economies. The previous studies on the effect of remittances on growth do not conform to one concrete conclusion. This study is undertaken in a bid to get the best possible result on the impact of remittances on the growth of the selected countries, majority of which attract substantial chunk of remittances into their economies.

scholarly journals Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Alesina ◽  
Eliana La Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Endogenous Formation ◽  
Open Issues

We survey and assess the literature on the positive and negative effects of ethnic diversity on economic policies and outcomes. Our focus is on communities of different size and organizational structure, such as countries, cities in developed countries, and villages and groups in developing countries. We also consider the endogenous formation of political jurisdictions and highlight several open issues in need of further research, in particular the endogenous formation of ethnic identity and the measurement of ethnic diversity.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of International Monetary Fund Programs on Economic Performance of Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Henry Kerich
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adjustment Programs

<p>Like most other countries in developing countries, Kenya faces economic challenges as it tries to stabilize its balance of payments, reduce external debts and curb high unemployment rates.  Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) are defined as economic programs mainly set for developing countries supported by the Bretton Woods institutions since the beginning of 1980s. As a result of prolonged balance of payments deficits, high unemployment rates and high debts, brought about by poor economic performance, the country has turned to International Monetary Fund for credit assistance. This research sought to examine if there was a relationship between structural adjustment programs and economic performance in Kenya. The results in this study revealed a significant correlation between IMF structural adjustment programs and economic performance in Kenya. The findings showed that the three dependent variables analyzed notably, balance of payments, debts, and unemployment showed a strong correlation with IMF structural adjustment programs.</p>

The impact of economic performance on environmental quality in developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Sineviciene ◽  
Oleksandr Kubatko ◽  
Oleksandr Derykolenko ◽  
Oleksandra Kubatko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
The Impact

Structural Reforms and Economic Performance in Advanced and Developing Countries

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Spilimbergo ◽  
Alessandro Prati ◽  
Jonathan Ostry ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Structural Reforms
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