On physical investigation of ball lightnings

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Oreshko
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ball Lightning ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Laboratory Plasma ◽  
Emissive Power ◽  
Electron Transitions

Explanations for the long lifetime of spherically symmetric objects in nature and the short lifetime of laboratory plasma are given. A qualitative description of the relativistic model of ball lightning is also given, which is a spherical electric region with strong electric and magnetic fields. The plasma temperature in the zone of the ball-lightning generation is measured by the spectroscopic method. A large ball lightning, the maximum diameter of which is equal to one meter and which stands in the region of its generation, is also registered after the formation and departure of a high-energy ball lightning. The reason for the low emissive power in the optical range characteristic for the atmospheric ball lightning is explained by the absence of electron transitions in the outer proton-containing shell. The absence of electrical breakdown at ultrahigh electric field between the core and the outer shell of the ball lightning and its destruction at the moment when the resulting force becomes nonzero are also explained.

Two-electron transitions in high energy ion-helium collisions

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S241-S242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Ford ◽  
J. F. Reading
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Transitions

High-Energy Ball Lightning Observations

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3906-3911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly I. Nikitin ◽  
Vladimir L. Bychkov ◽  
Tamara F. Nikitina ◽  
Alexander M. Velichko
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Ball Lightning ◽  
Energy Ball

A review on the dielectric materials for high energy-storage application

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1330001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xihong Hao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Breakdown Field ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
High Energy Storage

With the fast development of the power electronics, dielectric materials with high energy-storage density, low loss, and good temperature stability are eagerly desired for the potential application in advanced pulsed capacitors. Based on the physical principals, the materials with higher saturated polarization, smaller remnant polarization, and higher electrical breakdown field are the most promising candidates. According to this rule, so far, four kinds of materials, namely antiferroelectrics, dielectric glass-ceramics, relaxor ferroelectric and polymer-based ferroelectrics are thought to be more likely used in next-generation pulsed capacitors, and have been widely studied. Thus, this review serves to give an overall summary on the state-of-the-art progress on electric energy-storage performance in these materials. Moreover, some general future prospects are also provided from the existed theoretical and experimental results in this work, in order to propel their application in practice.

scholarly journals Thermochemical measurement of the ligand field splitting energies for hexaaquocopper(II) and hexaamminecopper(II)ions

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 1926-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badri ◽  
James W. S. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Ligand Field ◽  
Heat Of Solution ◽  
Ammine Complexes ◽  
Field Splitting ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Right

The vacuum dehydration of copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate has been shown to pass through the transitory trihydrate state before proceeding to the monohydrate composition. Based on this, the heat of solution data for the high-energy modification hydrates have been reinterpreted and the low-energy crystalline hydrates of various compositions have been prepared and their heats of solution measured. From the heat of solution data the maximum energy difference expressed in kcal/mol heptahydrate appears to be of the right order of magnitude to be regarded as the ligand field splitting energy for the hexaaquocopper(II) ion. Similar measurement for the ammine complexes of copper(II) sulphate has also been done and the maximum energy difference was found to agree well with the value of LFSE obtained by spectroscopic method.

Oxidation of Semiconducting Iron Disilicide (β-FeSi2)

1992 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Lundberg ◽  
U. Erlesand ◽  
M. Östling
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Iron Disilicide ◽  
Semiconducting Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTIron disilicide (β-FeSi2) has gained significant importance in recent years because of its semiconducting properties. The bandgap is reported to be direct with an energy of 0.85–0.89 eV, thus making the suicide a potential candidate for optical communications and detector applications. Compatibility with standard VLSI processing might involve a suicide thermal oxidation step. This work concerns the kinetics of both dry and wet oxidations of β-FeSi2. The oxide quality was characterized with respect to the electrical breakdown voltage. The results indicate an oxidation temperature dependence of the oxide quality and that dry oxidation yield higher breakdown voltage than wet oxidation. Structural and semiconducting suicide properties were investigated before and after oxidation. High energy implantation of xenon was used in a marker experiment to investigate a possible change of oxidation mechanism between dry and wet oxidation.

scholarly journals Comparison between two different quantum models of ball lightning

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Water Clusters ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Einstein Condensate ◽  
Ball Lightning ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Bose Einstein Condensate ◽  
Quantum Models ◽  
Bose Einstein

Two models of ball lightning are compared here. Each model is quantum. One of them was proposed by American and Finnish physics [1], who were the first to create three-dimensional skyrmions – particles in Bose- Einstein condensate with an ordered spin structure where central and boundary spins are opposite directed. A stable knot between electric and magnetic fields in a three-dimensional skyrmion is treated by the authors as a quantum model of ball lightning (BL). The next model proposed here proceeds from quantum entanglement (QE) of protons in hydrogen bonds (HBP) inside atmosphere oversaturated water vapour [2]. Two other quantum models issued in 1937 and 2007 are mentioned here. Origin of high-energy particles flux inside clouds as conditions for its origin when dark lightning [3] precede ordinary one creating additional ionization, fluxes of fast electrons with MeV energy prior to lightning which is initiating BL, glow, sprites are considered. All phenomena listed above appear to be of general nature resulting from QE of HBP in overstable water clusters (tetramers) inside clouds. Comparing models introduced above we use the estimation of BL capacity to enter via glass as a key parameter. Unexplained in BL models this frequently observed phenomenon as well as many other such as the BL transparency, its coldness and hiss become obviously explicable in the context of our model.

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