On the genus Holophryxus (Isopoda: Epicaridea), with description of the male and redescription of the female of Holophryxus acanthephyrae

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Jones ◽  
G. Smaldon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Body Form ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

INTRODUCTIONAdults of the isopod genus Holophryxus (Dajidae) occur as ectoparasites on natant decapod crustaceans, but little is known of the ecology and life-history of most species. Species of Holophryxus are thought to have a typical dajid life cycle involving an intermediate host (copepod), a definitive host (prawn) and three larval stages (epicaridium, microniscus, cryptoniscus), and the one species for which details are available fits this pattern (Coyle & Mueller, 1981). The final host is infected by the cryptoniscus, a stage superficially resembling a cirolanid isopod, and the first cryptoniscus to settle loses its isopod-like appearance and develops through a juvenile stage into a rather inflated, highly modified female (Coyle & Mueller, 1981). Any subsequent settler becomes a male, retains the small cryptoniscus body form and lives within the marsupium of the female.

The Development and Life History of Echinorhynchus truttae Schrank, 1788 (Acanthocephala)

1966 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. E. Awachie
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Gammarus Pulex ◽  
Pyloric Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sexually Mature

The details of the post-embryonic development of Echinorhynchus truttae in the intermediate host, Gammarus pulex, and the final host, Salmo truttae, are described.The cystacanths of this species are sexually mature and are formed about 82 days after infection at room temperature, ca. 17°C.Copulation takes place in the definitive host soon after the worms enter the pyloric region of the intestine. About 10 weeks after infection, mature eggs are passed out with the faeces of fish.

A study of the Eugregarines of the grass-grub [larva of Costelytra zealandica (White), Melolonthinae], with a description of three new species

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Size Group ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three New Species

1. Three new species of eugregarine are described from the mid-gut of the larva of Costelytra zealandica (White).2. Euspora zealandica occurs in the anterior region of the mid-gut near the gut caeca. Slictospora costelytrae occurs just posteriorly to E. zealandica. Euspora sp. occurs posteriorly to the malpighian tubules, but was found only rarely.3. A description of the species and the life-cycle of two species are given.4. The life-cycle of S. costelytrae takes about 8 weeks and that of E. zealandica 6 weeks.5. Gametocysts will develop only at a humidity of 95–100 %.6. The bi-associative species, E. zealandica, is more abundant in the 1st and 2nd instars than the large species, S. costelytrae. Both species are equally abundant in the 3rd instars, but the peak for incidence was in May for E. zealandica and June for S. costelytrae. This is related to the longer period of time taken for the life-history of S. costelytrae.7. The incidence of gregarines builds up in each instar to over 90% then falls off, the time of fall off corresponding with the production of gametocysts which pass out with the faeces of the grub.8. The gregarines mostly complete their cycle before the instars moult. This is borne out by the observation that cysts were not found in the smallest size group of each instar. There were many cases in the larger size group of all three instars where cysts only occurred.9. Gametocysts are produced mainly in the autumn.10. Gregarines were not found in grubs approaching metamorphosis (prepupae) nor in pupae nor adults.11. It seems unlikely from the results that the gregarines have an adverse effect on the grubs as, in general, it was found that the larger grubs had the greater number of gregarines present, but further work on this is needed.12. The life-history of the gregarines is closely correlated with the life-history of the beetle.13. The presence of the gregarines only in the larval stages is related to the different habitat and behaviour of larva and adult.I am grateful to the University Grants Committee for financial support.

Life history of Gigantobilharzia huronensis Najim, 1950. A dermatitis-producing bird blood-fluke (Trematoda-Schistosomatidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 443-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas T. Najim
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daughter Sporocyst ◽  
Physa Gyrina ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wide Gap

1. The life cycle of Gigantobilharzia huronensis Najim, 1950, was determined experimentally. The snail, Physa gyrina (Say), served as the intermediate host. The natural definitive hosts were goldfinches (Spinus tristis tristis) and the cardinals (Richmondena cardinalis). Chicks and canaries served as susceptible hosts in the laboratory2. The shortest time recorded for the hatching of eggs in water is about 20 min. Cercariae were liberated from the snail as early as 24 days after exposure. Eggs were found in the faeces of the definitive host 31 days after the first exposure to the cercariae.3. Adult worms are elongate and filiform. Females are longer than males, and in both sexes the oral and ventral suckers are absent. The cuticle has no spines. A short gynaecophoric canal is present. Up to 300 testes are present in the male and the cirrus is spiny. Laurer's canal is present and vitelline follicles fill most of the body of the female. Eggs are spherical to very broadly ovoid in shape and averaged 93µ in length by 88µ in width. The uterus contains from one to several eggs at a time, and the genital pore is located shortly posterior to the mouth opening.4. The miracidium has a peculiar wide gap between the second and third rows of epidermal plates. The body covering consists of twenty-two epidermal plates arranged in four rows of 6:9:4:3. The mother sporocyst has an elongate, sac-like body. A birth pore is present in the mature mother sporocysts. The daughter sporocyst also has an elongate body, but the anterior end is covered with spines. A birth pore is present in the mature daughter sporocysts.5. The cercaria is an apharyngeal, furcocercous, brevifurcate, distome with pigmented eyespots; the body averaging 240µ in length by 72·5µ in width; the tail stem averaging 268·5µ in length by 30µ, in width; the furca averaging 146·8µ in length by 15µ in width. The furcae have fin folds. The body and tail are covered with spines. There are five pairs of penetration glands and an oral gland. The excretory system is usually 2[(2) + (2+1)]. The cercaria attaches to the surface film of the water with the body parallel to it and the tail hanging downward at different angles. The cercaria is a dermatitis producer in human skin.

The Life History of Gastrodiscoides hominis (Lewis and McConnel, 1876) Leiper, 1913– the Amphistome Parasite of Man and Pig

1972 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Dutt ◽  
H. D. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Adult Fluke ◽  
History Of

The life cycle of Gastrodiscoidcs hominis has been described using Helicorbis coenosus as the experimental intermediate host and the pig as the definitive host.The morphology of the miracidium, redia and metacercaria has been described. Data have been furnished on the infection and longevity, of and production of cercariae by the snail host, and the growth and development of the adult-fluke in the definitive host.

THE MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND LIFE HISTORY OF METORCHIS CONJUNCTUS (COBBOLD, 1860)

1944 ◽  
Vol 22d (1) ◽  
pp. 6-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. M. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Intermediate Host

A trematode, widely distributed in Canada, and occurring in man and other fish-eating mammals, is described and its taxonomy discussed. Its life cycle has been worked out and it is shown to involve a snail, Amnicola limosa porata as first intermediate host and a fish, the common sucker (Catostomus commersonii) as the second intermediate host. The larval stages are described.

The Euphausiidæ in the Neighbourhood of Plymouth. II. Nyctiphanes Couchii and Meganyctiphanes noruegica.

1925 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie V. Lebour
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meganyctiphanes Norvegica

The present paper is a continuation of last year's work on the Euphausiidæ in the neighbourhood of Plymouth (Lebour, 1924), in which the early larval stages were described of Nyctiphanes Couchii, Meganyctiphanes norvegica and, less fully, those of Thysanoessa inermis and T. neglecta. These two last-named forms are reserved for a detailed description in another paper, only Nyctiphanes and Meganyctiphanes being dealt with here. The first paper described these as far as the last Calyptopis stages, and it was shown that they were much alike although perfectly distinct, especially as regards colour. The nauplii and metanauplii were easily distinguishable. The whole of the remaining life-history of Nyctiphanes Couchii has now been elucidated and also that of Meganyctiphanes norvegica, with the exception of a few late larval stages. The absence of these, however, does not materially affect our knowledge of its life-history.

The reproduction and larval development of Nereis fucata (Savigny)

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Brown-Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

The wide variety of reproductive patterns and behaviour in the many species of Nereidae already studied clearly justifies further research. But the life history of Nereis fucata (Savigny) is not only of interest from the comparative point of view. Its commensal habit (it occurs within shells occupied by hermit crabs) immediately gives it a special importance. This alone warrants a detailed study, particularly as no commensal polychaete has yet been reared through to metamorphosis and settlement on its host (Davenport, 1955; Davenport & Hickok, 1957). The numerous interesting problems which arise, and the experimental methods needed to study them, are, however, beyond the range of a paper on nereid development. It is therefore proposed to confine the present account to the reproduction and development up to the time when the larvae settle on the bottom. The complete life cycle, the mechanism of host-adoption, and related topics, will be reported in later papers.

scholarly journals The biology of Limacina retroversa

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clione Limacina

The Plymouth Fauna List contains records of two genera of pteropods, Limacina and Clione. Of the first, Limacina retroversa (Flem.) is by far the better-known species, apparently occurring regularly at Plymouth in large numbers in townettings from outside, and sometimes inside, the Sound. It breeds at Plymouth from June to August, and Lebour (1932) has given a detailed account of its breeding and larval stages and has discussed its role in the plankton. The second species of Limacina at Plymouth is lesueuri (d'Orbigny), which has been observed from time to time since 1906, when it was very common. The last record in the Fauna is off the Breakwater in 1920. Of the gymnosomatous pteropods, Clione limacina Phipps is the only species regularly occurring. Lebour (1931) has described the life history of this form, and mentions February to August as its months of greatest abundance. Its breeding season is June to August. Another gymnosome, tentatively referred to as Clionina longicauda, is reported by Russell (1936), and from the specimen department at Plymouth Laboratory the writer obtained some preserved specimens, not easily identifiable, of a Pneumodermopsis taken locally; its species is perhaps ciliata, recorded by Massy (1917) from the Irish Coast.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE LIFE HISTORY OF TRICHOBILHARZIA CAMERONI SP. NOV. (FAMILY SCHISTOSOMATIDAE)

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Local Infection ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Daughter Sporocyst ◽  
Physa Gyrina ◽  
History Of

A cause of swimmer's itch in the lower Ottawa River is Trichobilharzia cameroni sp. nov. Its life cycle has been completed experimentally in laboratory-bred snails and in canaries and ducks, and the various stages are described. The eggs are spindle-shaped. The sporocysts are colorless and tubular. Mother sporocysts become mature in about a week. The younger daughter sporocyst is provided with spines on the anterior end and becomes mature in about three weeks. The development in the snail requires from 28 to 35 days. A few cercariae were found to live for up to 14 days at 50 °C., although their life at 16° to 18 °C. was about four days. Cercariae kept at room temperature for 60 to 72 hr. were found infective. The adults become mature in canaries and pass eggs in about 12 to 14 days. Physa gyrina is the species of snail naturally infected. It was found in one case giving off cercariae for five months after being kept in the laboratory. Domestic ducks were found to become infected until they were at least four months old, with the parasites developing to maturity in due course; no experiments were made with older ducks. Furthermore, miracidia were still recovered from the faeces four months after the duck had been experimentally infected, and it is suggested that migratory birds are the source of the local infection.

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