scholarly journals Now or never: what will it take to save the Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis from extinction?

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahab Ahmad Zafir ◽  
Junaidi Payne ◽  
Azlan Mohamed ◽  
Ching Fong Lau ◽  
Dionysius Shankar Kumar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Breeding Programmes

AbstractIn 1994 Alan Rabinowitz decried what he regarded as lackadaisical attempts by governments, NGOs and international funding agencies to conserve the Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis. Sixteen years on it is timely to evaluate whether his warnings were heeded. We review the current conservation status of D. sumatrensis throughout its range and the latest threats and challenges complicating efforts to conserve this species. Recent data from governments, NGOs and researchers indicate that the global population could be as low as 216, a decline from c. 320 estimated in 1995. Based on lessons learnt and expert opinions we call on decision makers to focus on two core strategies for conservation of D. sumatrensis: (1) the translocation of wild individuals from existing small, isolated or threatened forest patches into semi-in situ captive breeding programmes, and (2) a concomitant enhancement of protection and monitoring capacities in priority areas that have established these breeding facilities or have recorded relatively high population estimates and track encounter rates. At least USD 1.2 million is required to implement these strategies annually in four priority areas: Bukit Barisan Selatan and Way Kambas National Parks on Sumatra, and Danum Valley Conservation Area and Tabin Wildlife Reserve on Sabah. Given that conservation funds are rarely secure and D. sumatrensis is still in decline we call on potential donors to help secure and augment existing capacities of organizations in these four priority areas before committing resources to elucidate the status of the species in other areas such as Gunung Leuser and Taman Negara National Parks.

scholarly journals The conservation status of the Chinese alligator

Oryx ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Thorbjarnarson ◽  
Wang Xiaoming
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Chinese Alligator

AbstractThe Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis is one of the world's most endangered reptiles. At one time widespread throughout much of the lower Yangzi River basin, the remaining wild individuals are now restricted to a small area in southern Anhui Province and perhaps in adjacent Zhejiang Province. Population estimates conducted in the 1980s suggested that only 500–735 wild individuals remained at that time. Current figures suggest that the wild population is c. 400 individuals and continues to decline. The principal factor contributing to historic population decline has been habitat loss, but deliberate killing of alligators and the heavy use of pesticides have also had significant negative effects. The current conservation programme in Anhui Province is based on captive breeding and the establishment of a reserve for small groups of wild alligators. However, the inferred recent decline in the size of the wild population suggests that the reserve design is inadequate for the long-term survival of alligators. Programmes to survey the status of the remaining wild populations and evaluate the feasibility of establishing new wild populations by reintroducing captive-bred animals are currently being developed.

scholarly journals The changing fates of the world's mammals

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1578) ◽  
pp. 2598-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hoffmann ◽  
Jerrold L. Belant ◽  
Janice S. Chanson ◽  
Neil A. Cox ◽  
John Lamoreux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Status ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
In The Wild

A recent complete assessment of the conservation status of 5487 mammal species demonstrated that at least one-fifth are at risk of extinction in the wild. We retrospectively identified genuine changes in extinction risk for mammals between 1996 and 2008 to calculate changes in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Index (RLI). Species-level trends in the conservation status of mammalian diversity reveal that extinction risk in large-bodied species is increasing, and that the rate of deterioration has been most accelerated in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. Expanding agriculture and hunting have been the main drivers of increased extinction risk in mammals. Site-based protection and management, legislation, and captive-breeding and reintroduction programmes have led to improvements in 24 species. We contextualize these changes, and explain why both deteriorations and improvements may be under-reported. Although this study highlights where conservation actions are leading to improvements, it fails to account for instances where conservation has prevented further deteriorations in the status of the world's mammals. The continued utility of the RLI is dependent on sustained investment to ensure repeated assessments of mammals over time and to facilitate future calculations of the RLI and measurement against global targets.

scholarly journals Protected plant species in Nam Dong conservation area (Thanh Hoa province, Northern Vietnam)

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Х.К. Нгуен ◽  
Л.В. Аверьянов ◽  
А.А. Егоров
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
Floristic Studies

Изучение разнообразия охраняемой флоры в заповеднике Нам Донг (северный Вьетнам) проведено в рамках флористических исследований территории в 2015–2019 гг. Исследование проводилось на семи профилях, заложенных от самых низких высот над уровнем моря до высшей точки изучаемой территории, с таким расчетом, чтобы максимально охватить возможное число местообитаний на склонах разной экспозиции. Флористические исследования позволили уточнить состав редких и охраняемых видов растений территории, имеющих международный или национальный природоохранный статус. К таким растениям в заповеднике относятся 88 видов (6,7% от всей местной флоры), принадлежащих к 51 семейству (28,3% от 180 семейств флоры). Охраняемые виды относятся к трем отделам сосудистых растений: Polypodiophyta – 5 видов (5,7%), Pinophyta – 10 (11,4%), Magnoliophyta – 73 (83,0%). Из них 57 видов занесены в список МСОП (IUCN), в т.ч. EN (исчезающие) – 7 (8,0%), VU (уязвимые) – 11 (12,5%), NT (находящиеся в состоянии, близком к угрожаемому) – 7 (8,0%), LC (вызывающие наименьшие опасения) – 32 (36,4%), DD (требующие дополнительных исследований) – 2 (2,3%); 43 вида охраняется в соответствии с Красной книгой Вьетнама (2007), в том числе EN – 11 (12,5%), VU – 32 (36,4%); 18 видов – в соответствии с Постановлением об охране редких и ценных видов флоры и фауны Вьетнама (2006). 37 видов, входящих в список МСОП, не охраняются во Вьетнаме. Однако 10 видов из этого списка со статусом EN, VU, NT могут составить ресурсную базу для реинтродукции их на территории, где виды исчезли или находятся на стадии полного вымирания. The study of the diversity of protected flora in the Nam Dong Nature Reserve (North Vietnam) was carried out as part of the study of the territory's flora in 2015–2019. The study was carried out on 7 profiles, laid down from the lowest heights to the highest point of the studied territory, in such a way that it would cover the maximum possible number of habitats on the slopes of different exposures. Floristic studies have made it possible to clarify the composition of rare and protected plant species of the territory that have international or national conservation status. Such plants in the reserve include 88 species (6.71% of all local flora) belonging to 51 families (28.33% of 180 flora families). Protected species belong to 3 divisions of vascular plants: Polypodiophyta – 5 species (5.68%), Pinophyta – 10 (11.36%), Magnoliophyta – 73 (82.95%). Of these, 57 species are listed in the IUCN (IUCN), including EN (endangered) – 7 (7.95%), VU (vulnerable) – 11 (12.50%), NT (near-threatened) – 7 (7.95%), LC (least concern) – 32 (36.36%), DD (requiring additional research) – 2 (2.27%); 43 species are protected in accordance with the Red Book of Vietnam (2007), including EN – 11 (12.50%), VU – 32 (36.36%); 18 species – in accordance with the Decree on of the Government on management of endangered, precious and rare forest plants and animals (2006). 37 species included in the IUCN list are not protected in Vietnam. However, 10 species from this list with the status EN, VU, NT, can form a resource base for their reintroduction in the territory where the species have disappeared or are at the stage of complete extinction.

scholarly journals Conservation status of caribou in the western mountains of Canada: Protections under the species at risk act, 2002-2014

Rangifer ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina C. Ray ◽  
Deborah B. Cichowski ◽  
Martin-Hugues St-Laurent ◽  
Chris J. Johnson ◽  
Stephen D. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Predator Control ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species At Risk Act

In April 2014, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) reviewed the status of caribou in the western mountains of Canada, in keeping with the ten-year reassessment mandate under the Species at Risk Act. Assessed as two ‘nationally significant’ populations in 2002, COSEWIC revised the conservation units for all caribou in Canada, recognising eleven extant Designatable Units (DUs), three of which -- Northern Mountain, Central Mountain, and Southern Mountain -- are found only in western Canada. The 2014 assessment concluded that the condition of many subpopulations in all three DUs had deteriorated. As a result of small and declining population sizes, the Central Mountain and Southern Mountain DUs are now recognised as endangered. Recent declines in a number of Northern Mountain DU subpopulations did not meet thresholds for endangered or threatened, and were assessed as of special concern. Since the passage of the federal Species at Risk Act in 2002, considerable areas of habitat were managed or conserved for caribou, although disturbance from cumulative human development activities has increased during the same period. Government agencies and local First Nations are attempting to arrest the steep decline of some subpopulations by using predator control, maternal penning, population augmentation, and captive breeding. Based on declines, future developments and current recovery effects, we offer the following recommendations: 1) where recovery actions are necessary, commit to simultaneously reducing human intrusion into caribou ranges, restoring habitat over the long term, and conducting short-term predator control, 2) carefully consider COSEWIC’s new DU structure for management and recovery actions, especially regarding translocations, 3) carry out regular surveys to monitor the condition of Northern Mountain caribou subpopulations and immediately implement preventative measures where necessary, and 4) undertake a proactive, planned approach coordinated across jurisdictions to conserve landscape processes important to caribou conservation.

Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Amphibian Declines ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Amphibians are among the most threatened groups of animals on earth. In part due to their highly permeable skin, amphibians are highly sensitive to environmental changes and pollution and provide an early-warning system of deteriorating environmental conditions. The more we learn about the impact of environmental changes on amphibians, the better we as humans will be able to arrest their demise, and our own. Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians brings together the current knowledge on the status of the unique frogs of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific. Although geographically proximate, each region presents unique challenges and opportunities in amphibian research and conservation. This book contributes to an understanding of the current conservation status of the amphibians of each region, aims to stimulate research into halting amphibian declines, and provides a better foundation for making conservation decisions. It is an invaluable reference for environmental and governmental agencies, researchers, policy-makers involved with biodiversity conservation, and the interested public.

scholarly journals The status and conservation of the Blue-Throated Macaw Ara glaucogularis

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Hesse ◽  
Giles E. Duffield
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
The Status ◽  
Savanna Burning ◽  
Live Bird

The conservation status of the Blue-throated Macaw Ara glaucogularis, a Bolivian endemic, is assessed using the most recent information available. The known range of the species is patchily distributed within an 8,600 km2 area of lowland savanna–forest habitat in the Beni department, under private ownership for cattle ranching, which is the main form of land use in the region. Population surveys of the Blue-throated Macaw revealed this species to exist in very low numbers. The immediate threat to the species is illegal trapping for the live bird trade. Effects of cattle grazing and savanna burning may modify habitat characteristics, but there is no direct evidence suggesting that these factors negatively influence the ecological requirements of Ara glaucogularis. The species is highly associated with the Attalea phalerata palm, which it uses for feeding and nesting. Current conservation efforts include: population and distribution surveys and assessment of habitat requirements; environmental awareness targeted at landowners and ranch personnel; collaboration with subnational and central government bodies; and development of strategies to curtail parrot trafficking activities. Recommendations for the long-term conservation of the species include increasing the involvement of landowners to strengthen protection for wild macaws; working with the Bolivian government on strategies to curb macaw trafficking; increasing environmental education activities with local inhabitants; basic research on breeding requirements and limitations of wild Blue-throated Macaws; and investigating the application of private reserves to the Blue-throated Macaw range.

scholarly journals The occurrence and conservation status of Ceratogyrus bechuanicus and C. brachycephalus in the Transvaal, South Africa.

Koedoe ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.I. De Wet ◽  
H.J. Schoonbee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Conservation Plans

In South Africa, Ceratogyrus is presently protected by the Transvaal Provincial Nature Conservation Ordinance. Owing to the demand for these spiders as pets they are classified as Commercially Threatened in terms of the ILJCN system. It was found, however, that the two known species in the Transvaal are well represented in protected areas which include nature reserves and national parks. Ceratogyrus bechuanicus is well represented in the Kruger National Park, Messina, D'nyala and Atherstone provincial nature reserves, as well as in the Klaserie and Sabi Sand private nature reserves in the Transvaal. The only conservation area in which C. brachycephalus has been located is the Messina Provincial Nature Reserve. With its much smaller distribution, C. brachycephalus has a higher conservation priority than C. bechuanicus. Applied ecological work needs to be done so that comprehensive species conservation plans for both species can be compiled.

scholarly journals Trees and shrubs of the tropical dry forest of the Magdalena river upper watershed (Colombia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Romero-Duque ◽  
Jesion Rosero-Toro ◽  
Mateo Fernández-Lucero ◽  
Andrea Simbaqueba-Gutierrez ◽  
Caterinne Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
North And South ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

We describe the database of trees and shrubs of tropical dry forest patches of the Magdalena upper river basin in Colombia, preserved in the Herbarium of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales. The dataset includes 211 taxa, from which 156 were identified to species. We reported 48 families and 137 genera. The most species rich and abundant families were Fabaceae and Rubiaceae and the most abundant species was Talisia stricta (Sapindaceae). We found differences in diversity between north and south zones of the study area. The Magdalena river upper watershed region is an important tropical dry forest conservation area. Twenty nine species and 4 genera recorded in this study have not been reported in previous reviews of the region. Additionally, Oxandra espintana is reported in literature as critically endangered and Aspidosperma polyneuron is reported as endangered, but there are no studies about their conservation status in the region. Our results suggest the strong need to develop additional inventories of plants that contribute to the knowledge of the plant diversity of this ecosystem in the region and studies of their conservation status.

scholarly journals Diversity of understory flowering plants in the forest patches of Marilog District, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 18247-18256
Author(s):  
Florfe M. Acma ◽  
Noe P. Mendez ◽  
Noel E. Lagunday ◽  
Victor B. Amoroso
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Mean Values

The forest patches of Marilog District, Davao are the remnants of various anthropogenic activities including logging, conversion of land for agriculture, ecotourism and human settlements.  Floristic study was carried out in 2018–2019 from 100 established plots measuring 20 x 20 m, with repeated transect walks and opportunistic sampling along forest trails.  One-hundred-and-four species of understory flowering plants were identified from 102 genera and 40 families.  Species diversity mean values across study sites using Simpson’s (D) and Shannon-Wiener index (H’) were 0.97 and 3.9, respectively.  Species diversity was highest in sites 2 and 4 (D = 0.98; H’ = 4.0 each) and lowest in site 5 (D = 0.96; H’ = 3.7).  At family level, the most abundant taxa include Zingiberaceae (26 species) (15%), Orchidaceae (19 species) (11%), Gesneriaceae (14 species) (8%), and Rubiaceae and Arecaceae (13 species each) (7%).  Conservation status assessment using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) revealed 10 threatened species, while listing from the Philippines’ administrative order has categorized 13 threatened species.  A total of 54 species (ca. 1.14% of the total Philippine endemic vascular flora) of understory flowering plants were Philippine endemics.  Findings of this study were used as additional data for the proclamation of Mt. Malambo as Local Conservation Area, which was formalized through a barangay resolution.

The rediscovery of the Southern Swallowtail (Papilio alexanor Esper, 1799) in Bosnia & Herzegovina after 50 years of absence

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Toni Koren ◽  
Matea Martinović
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Red List ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Larval Host

The caterpillars of the Southern Swallowtail, Papilio alexanor have been recorded in the vicinity of Trebinje, Bosnia & Herzegovina. This is the first recent observation of this species in the country and the third observation so far. Opopanax chironium is confirmed as the larval host plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was expected due to the recent observations from Croatia. Its status and distribution in the country are still not clear, and further surveys are recommended in order to reconfirm the historical records as well as to assess its current conservation status. Due to the limited extent of its occurrence, we propose to include it in the Red list of fauna of Bosnia & Herzegovina as Vulnerable (VU).

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