scholarly journals Note on Spirochaetes in Castration Tumours of Pigs

Parasitology ◽  
1908 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burton Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Purulent Matter ◽  
Tubercle Bacillus ◽  
Fibrous Stroma ◽  
Brownish Yellow ◽  
Carbol Fuchsin ◽  
Hen’S Egg

In pigs in Western Australia it is of frequent occurrence to find at the seat of castration large oval fibrous tumours from the size of an hen's egg to that of a tennis ball. These have a thick fibrous wall with a cavity in the centre, which is frequently small in relation to the size of the mass. The walls of this cavity are brownish-yellow and degenerated and the contents usually sero-pus of a similar colour, though at times a large quantity of ordinary whitish purulent matter is found. In films made from this brownish-yellow pus and stained with weak carbol-fuchsin or Leishman's stain, varying numbers of spirochaetes mixed with minute cocci and bacilli and larger, occasionally spore-bearing, organisms will be found. These spirochaetes vary in length from 6 μ or less to 12 μ; their thickness varies from the most delicate tenuity to that of a tubercle bacillus; the spirals may be three or four and perfectly regular or, on the other hand, quite irregular, and acute bendings even at a right angle may be seen. Further, some of the large apparently bacillary organisms may show slight undulations suggesting that they are large forms of this spirochaete. Sections of the tumour show a fibrous stroma, becoming more cellular towards the centre where it passes into necrosed tissue swarming with organisms, amongst which, sometimes in masses, spirochaetes may be found. Where the still living cells abut on the necrosed area, a varying number of eosinophile cells are revealed by Leishman's stain.

scholarly journals Effects of relative frequency and delay interval of knowledge of results (KR) in the acquisition of motor skills

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Leandro R. Palhares ◽  
Alessandro T. Bruzi ◽  
Guilherme M. Lage ◽  
João V. A. P. Fialho ◽  
Herbert Ugrinowitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Delay Interval ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Serial Task

The purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of relative frequency and delay interval of Knowledge of Results (KR) in the acquisition of a serial motor skill. Sixty students were randomly distributed in 2 experiments, with three groups in each experiment (n = 10). The Experiment 1 investigated the effects of the KR frequency without KR delay interval and the Experiment 2 investigated the effects of the KR frequency with KR delay interval (3 seconds) in the acquisition of a serial motor skill. The serial task consisted of putting a tennis ball into six holes, positioned in a wood platform in a previously determined target time. In both experiments, the subjects performed 60 trials in target time of 2,700 ms, in the acquisition phase. In the Experiment 1, the results showed superiority of G33 in relation to the other groups, during the tests. In the Experiment 2, the results did not show any difference among the groups. These results are discussed with respect to the effect of KR delay interval, showing the role of combination of the variables.  

scholarly journals Concerted loop motion triggers induced fit of FepA to ferric enterobactin

2014 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuck R. Smallwood ◽  
Lorne Jordan ◽  
Vy Trinh ◽  
Daniel W. Schuerch ◽  
Amparo Gala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Chelate ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Conformational Motion ◽  
Surface Loops ◽  
Single Exponential ◽  
Loop Motion

Spectroscopic analyses of fluorophore-labeled Escherichia coli FepA described dynamic actions of its surface loops during binding and transport of ferric enterobactin (FeEnt). When FeEnt bound to fluoresceinated FepA, in living cells or outer membrane fragments, quenching of fluorophore emissions reflected conformational motion of the external vestibular loops. We reacted Cys sulfhydryls in seven surface loops (L2, L3, L4, L5, L7 L8, and L11) with fluorophore maleimides. The target residues had different accessibilities, and the labeled loops themselves showed variable extents of quenching and rates of motion during ligand binding. The vestibular loops closed around FeEnt in about a second, in the order L3 > L11 > L7 > L2 > L5 > L8 > L4. This sequence suggested that the loops bind the metal complex like the fingers of two hands closing on an object, by individually adsorbing to the iron chelate. Fluorescence from L3 followed a biphasic exponential decay as FeEnt bound, but fluorescence from all the other loops followed single exponential decay processes. After binding, the restoration of fluorescence intensity (from any of the labeled loops) mirrored cellular uptake that depleted FeEnt from solution. Fluorescence microscopic images also showed FeEnt transport, and demonstrated that ferric siderophore uptake uniformly occurs throughout outer membrane, including at the poles of the cells, despite the fact that TonB, its inner membrane transport partner, was not detectable at the poles.

John Norman Collie 1859-1942

1943 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 329-356 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
The Third ◽  
University College ◽  
University College London ◽  
The One ◽  
The Town

Born on 10 September 1859, John Norman Collie was the second son of John Collie and the grandson of George Collie, an Aberdeen merchant, whose ancestors came from Ireland in the days of Cromwell. George Collie married Margaret Roy, the daughter of Captain Roy McGregor. George Collie’s brother was a surgeon in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic wars. He served on the warships which annexed Western Australia. He discovered the Collie river, and the town of Collie, also named after him, celebrated its centenary in 1935 when the Premier of Western Australia unveiled a statue to him. Dr Collie wrote to his brother George a number of letters in which he described his experiences in Western Australia, and these letters, as the result of negotiations by Professor N. T. M. Wilsmore, himself a native of Perth, W. A.,and a student and later a lecturer at University College, London, are now in the archives of the cities of Perth and Canberra. John Collie married Selina Mary, the third daughter of Henry Winkworth, the son of the Rev. Henry Winkworth who was the vicar of St Saviour’s, Southwark. Henry Winkwrorth married Miss Dickenson of Kentish origin and had by her four daughters, Catherine, Susanna, Selina Mary and Alice, and two sons. Catherine was the author of Lyra Germanica , and Susanna wrote a life of Catherine. Susanna worked for many years in Clifton and Bristol on the provision of model dwellings for workpeople and was in fact one of the pioneers in this field. John Collie and his wife had four sons, the two eldest being Henry and John Norman, and one daughter, Susan Margaret, who was their third child and for many years Head of the Bedford High School for Girls. The foregoing epitome of John Norman’s ancestry is of considerable interest. On the one side he had Highland blood in him and from the other he inherited the Winkworth personality which revealed itself in so many members of that family. To this may be attributed the outstanding personality with which he was unquestionably endowed.

Residual value of molybdenum trioxide for clover production on an acidic sandy podzol

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Yield Plateau ◽  
Mo Content

The residual value (RV) of molybdenum (Mo) for clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) production was measured for an acidic sand when the fertiliser was spread over the soil surface (topdressed). The RV of Mo, as molybdenum trioxide, the most widely used Mo fertiliser in Western Australia, was measured using yield of dry herbage (DM), Mo concentration of DM, and Mo content of DM (yield of DM multiplied by the Mo concentration of DM). The RV of Mo fertiliser was measured in 1993 for fertiliser Mo applied once only to plots not treated with Mo before, either in 1993 (current Mo) or 1-10 years previously (previous Mo). Relative to the nil-Mo treatment, additions of Mo fertiliser increased DM yield by about 1.20 t/ha (20% DM increase) in October. When 80 or 320 g Mo/ha was applied, all yields were on the maximum yield plateau except for Mo applied 10 years previously. The yield for the 80 g Mo/ha treatment applied 10 years earlier decreased by about 15% relative to the other current and previous Mo treatments. However, as measured using Mo concentration and Mo content in DM, there was a continuous decline in the effectiveness of previous Mo relative to current Mo the longer the previous Mo was in contact with the soil. The decrease in RV was about the same as measured using Mo concentration or content in tissue. Molybdenum applied 5 years previously was about one-third as effective as current Mo for Mo content or Mo concentration of DM.

Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

Yield, plant characteristics, and relative tolerance to bunch loss of four banana varieties (Musa AAA Group, Cavendish subgroup) in the semi-arid subtropics of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
TR Hill ◽  
ARJ Bissell ◽  
JR Burt
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

The yield, plant characteristics (pseudostem height and girth), and relative tolerance to bunch loss of 4 banana varieties (Musa AAA Group, Cavendish subgroup) were studied over 2 crops in the semi-arid subtropics at Carnarvon, Western Australia. The varieties were New Guinea Cavendish, Chinese Cavendish, Hsien.Jen Chiao, and the most widely grown Australian variety, Williams. The marketable yield of Williams was higher (P<0.05) than the mean of the other varieties in the parent crop (70.2 v. 50.7 t/ha) and ratoon 1 crop (65.8 v. 34.4 t/ha). This was the result of lower (P<0.05) bunch loss, about 41% less over the 2 crops, than for the other varieties. Resistance to bunch loss-pseudostem breakage and bunch peduncle snap was not associated with the shorter varieties (New Guinea Cavendish and Chinese Cavendish), but resistance to choke throat was associated with the taller varieties (Williams and Hsien Jen Chiao).

Effects of the coastal brown ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), on the ant fauna of the Perth metropolitan region, Western Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. May ◽  
B. E. Heterick
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Apparent Displacement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

This paper reports on the apparent displacement of native and exotic ants from gardens in the Perth Metropolitan region by the coastal brown ant (Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)). Twelve gardens were sampled, four with P. megacephala present, and eight (the controls) where the ant was judged to be absent. Eight out of the 26 ant species recorded (including the coastal brown ant) were introduced. Ninety-two per cent of pitfall trap contents comprised the four most abundant species: P. megacephala, lridomyrmex chasei (Forel), Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith) and Paratrechina ?obscura (Mayr). Three of the four P. megacephala-dominated gardens were depauperate of almost all other ant species. The fourth P. megacephala-infested garden had a relatively small number of coastal brown ants (104), and the highest number of ant species was found in that garden. The removal of this outlier garden left an average range of one to three species for the other three P. megacephala-infested gardens. Control gardens had between five and 12 ant species. Total ant abundance ranged from an average of 1 027 per P. megacephala-infested garden (increasing to 1 171 if the outlier garden is removed) to 146 at control gardens. There was a significant difference both in ant richness and ant abundance between the controls and P. megacephala-infested gardens (P < 0.05). This remained the case when figures for coastal brown ants were excluded from calculations.

A hypothetical stochastic mechanism of radiation effects in single cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 213 (1191) ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Stochastic Mechanism

This paper is a sequel to an earlier one (Neyman & Puri 1976), which deals with a hypothetical structural stochastic model of radiation effects in living cells. This model incorporates two important details of the mechanism overlooked in its mathematical treatment by the previous workers. The first is that the passage of a single ‘primary’ radiation particle generates a ‘cluster’ of secondaries which can produce ‘hits’ that damage the living cells. The second detail concerns the time scales of radiation damage and of the subsequent repair. The events of arrival of a primary particle, its generation of secondary particles and their causing ‘hits’ on the sensitive targets within the cells, all occur for all practical purposes instantly. On the other hand the subsequent changes in the damaged cell, such as repair, appear to require measurable amounts of time. While the biological and physical justifications for some of the underlying assumptions of the model were discussed in the previous paper referred to above, the present paper is concerned mainly with the mathematical details and also with how the model attempts to explain some of the empirical findings available in the literature.

scholarly journals The distribution of antibodies to HHV-6 compared with other herpesviruses in young children

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Farr ◽  
G. B. Harnett ◽  
G. R. Pietroboni ◽  
M. R. Bucens
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies

SUMMARYSera from 141 infants aged 0–12 months were examined for IgG antibodies to HHV-6, HSV, CMV, VZV and EBV and for HHV-6 specific IgM. Following the decline in maternal antibody, antibody to HHV-6 was found to rise by 5–6 months and approached the level found in adults by 11–12 months. In contrast the antibody rates for the other herpesviruses were much slower to rise, especially in the case of CMV and EBV. HHV-6 IgM antibodies were detected mainly in age groups showing a rapid rise in antibody to HHV-6. HHV-6-IgM was not detected in 235 cord blood samples. The data suggest that HHV-6 infection is acquired horizontally, at a very early age in Western Australia.

scholarly journals Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Carmichael ◽  
Wilma L. Lingle
Keyword(s):  
Point Spread Function ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Point Spread ◽  
Spread Function

Whereas too much of a good thing can be bad, too little of a good tiling can be good. In this case, the accidental dilution of X-rhodamine tubulin injected into living cells resulted in a heterogeneous labeling of micro tubules, rather than visualization of continuous structures. This heterogeneous labeling rendered a speckled image, hence the term fluorescent speckle microscopy (FSM) was introduced. It turns out that FSM yields particularly useful information on dynamic events within living cells, for example the assembly and disassembly of microtubules.There are two recent reviews of FSM by Clare Waterman-Storer and Gaudenz Danuser, one emphasizing the biologic applications of the technique, the other emphasizing the quantitative aspects. For their purposes, they defined a “speckle” as a diffraction-limited region of the image that is significantly brighter than its immediate environment. It can be calculated from the point-spread function (which is determined by the numerical aperture of the lens) that optimally a diffraction-limited region of about 250 nm can be imaged.

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