The schistosomulum surface antigens ofSchistosoma haematobium

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. G. Simpson ◽  
M. Knight ◽  
P. Hagan ◽  
J. Hodgson ◽  
H. A. Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Heterologous Immunity ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Surface Labelling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Somatic Antigens

Surface antigens ofSchistosoma haematobiumwere identified by125I-surface labelling of schistosomula followed by immunoprecipitation of the solubilized, labelled surfaces. The major antigens, after electrophoresis, formed a continuous smear corresponding to a molecular weight in the range 35–24000; in addition, a 17000 antigen was also identified. These surface antigens, in contrast to somatic antigens, were species-specific, as judged by immunoprecipitation with human anti-S. mansoniserum and serum from mice vaccinated with highly irradiatedS. mansonicercariae.S. haematobiumsurface antigens, however, were recognized to some extent by serum from mice chronically infected withS. mansoni. It is suggested that this cross-reactivity may reflect the heterologous immunity demonstrated experimentally between these two species, whilst the species-specificity of vaccine sera to surface antigens may mirror the highly specific immunity induced by vaccination.

Surface and species-specific antigens ofSchistosoma haematobium

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kelly ◽  
P. Hagan ◽  
M. Knight ◽  
J. Hodgson ◽  
A. J. G. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Induced Immunity

SUMMARYOf the surface antigens identified by radio-iodination, two-dimensional gel analyses showed no similarities between those ofSchistosoma haematobiumandSchistosoma mansoni, thus providing a basis for the species specificity of these antigens described previously (Simpson, Knight, Hagan, Hodgson, Wilkins & Smithers (1985)Parasitology90, 499–508). The surface antigens ofS. haematobiumwere glycosylated and comprised an acidic polypeptide ofMr17000 as well as a complex set of polypeptides of approximate pI 6–7, which resolved in theMrrange 20000–30000. At least one of the lowerMrforms of this complex is also present in the adult worm. Limited cross-reaction was observed withS. mansoniinfection sera and this may be due to a shared carbohydrate epitope. In contrast, extensive cross-reaction was observed using sera from mice immunized withS. bovis.This pattern parallels the species-specificity of vaccine-induced immunity. Extensive cross-reaction was also observed within cell-free translation products of m-RNA from adult worms ofS. haematobiumandS. mansoniby use of heterologous human infection sera. The few antigens which were species-specific may represent surface antigens.

Cross-reactive surface antigens on three stages of Brugia malayi, B. pahangi and B. timori

Parasitology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Maizels ◽  
F. Partono ◽  
Sri Oemijati ◽  
D. A. Denham ◽  
Bridget M. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Three Stages

SUMMARYSurface antigens of three stages of three species of the filarial nematode genus Brugia have been analysed by radio-iodination and immunoprecipitation. These surface antigens have been shown to be characteristic for each stage by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For example, infective larvae and adult worms have relatively complex patterns while microfilariae have few bands which are not found when other stages are radio-isotope labelled by the same technique. The surface antigens of Brugia malayi, B. timori and B. pahangi adult worms are all closely homologous, as are the surface antigens of infective larvae of the same three species, and of microfilariae of B. malayi and B. pahangi. Immunoprecipitation revealed that antibody raised in mice against one stage or species reacted with surface antigens from other stages and species. For example, sera raised against B. pahangi male adults reacted strongly with surface antigens from all three species. This cross-reactivity was dominant despite the apparent stage-specificity of the surface pattern seen on SDS-PAGE analysis. Moreover, in cross-immunization experiments, infective larvae were able to stimulate a secondary antibody response in mice previously primed with microfilarial surface antigens. The major microfilarial surface antigens (of mol. wt 65−70000 Daltons) were recognized by serum antibody from microfilariae-, infective larvae- or adult-infected animals. Thus, although the dominant antigens from each stage are of different molecular weight, cross-reactions with stage-specific antisera suggest that there must be shared epitopes on Brugia surface antigens from each stage. Such shared antigenic determinants dominate the immune response, although other evidence, including the differences in molecular weight, indicates the existence of stage-and species-specific components.

222 SPECIES SPECIFICITY OF PORCINE SPERM MOTILITY REDUCTION BY A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTION OF OVIDUCTAL FLUID

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
P. Coy ◽  
R. Lloyd ◽  
R. Romar ◽  
W. V. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Apical Plasma Membrane ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Oviductal Fluid

The significance of sperm motility with respect to fertilization is widely recognized and used as a criterion to assess the quality of ejaculates. Observations of sperm behavior in the oviductal isthmus of several species have shown that their motility is suppressed in this physiological environment because the spermatozoa bind to the oviductal epithelial cells, forming a sperm reservoir prior to ovulation (Hunter 1981 J. Reprod. Fertil. 63, 109–117; Hunter and Wilmut 1984 Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 24, 597–608). Once the spermatozoa are released from the reservoir, they progress toward the ampullar region to reach the oocyte, and an increase in motility at this point could, potentially, be crucial. It has been demonstrated that a soluble fraction of oviductal epithelial cell apical plasma membrane proteins (sAPM) suppresses sperm motility and enhances sperm survival (Holt et al. 2005 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 17, 683–692; Satake et al. 2006 J. Exp. Biol. 209, 1560–1572). However, few studies to date have investigated the influence of oviductal fluid (OF), the natural medium into which spermatozoa are released from the reservoir, on sperm motility. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the effects of different soluble fractions of OF on sperm motility and the species specificity of such effects. OF from pigs and cows was collected and selectively filtered to obtain two different fractions with molecular weights higher or lower than 100 kD. Diluted semen samples from 14 different boars were exposed to bicarbonate/CO2 (to stimulate maximum motility) in the presence or absence of OF fractions. Sperm trajectories were measured using a Hobson Sperm Tracker (Hobson Tracker, Ltd., Sheffield, UK) and analyzed by PATN analysis as described previously to identify subpopulations of high and low motility spermatozoa (Abaigar et al. 1999 Biol. Reprod. 60, 32–41; Satake et al. 2006). The results showed that neither of the bovine OF fractions affected the proportions of the fast linear boar sperm subpopulation in the samples, which was similar to that of the control. However, when the high molecular weight fraction of porcine OF was used, a significant suppression of the fast linear sperm subpopulation was observed (P ≤ 0.05). These data support the hypothesis that species-specific, high molecular weight components in OF are involved in the suppression of sperm motility. Further studies are required to confirm the significance of this finding, although it may not be unreasonable to speculate that the OF, in addition to other sperm selection mechanisms, acts to protect oocytes against fertilization by poor quality spermatozoa (Okada et al. 1986 J. Submicrosc. Cytol. 18, 233–247). In fact, similar results demonstrating that oviductal fluid decreases sperm motility have been obtained in cow (Grippo et al. 1995 J. Reprod. Fertil. 105, 57–64) and rabbit (Overstreet and Cooper 1979 J. Reprod. Fertil. 55, 53–59). This work was supported by MEC and FEDER (PR2006-0506 and AGL2006-03495).

scholarly journals Importance of serological cross-reactivity amongToxoplasma gondii, Hammondiaspp.,Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp. andBesnoitia besnoiti

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS F. P. GONDIM ◽  
JOSÉ R. MINEO ◽  
GEREON SCHARES
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andBesnoitia besnoitiare genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification ofT. gondii, Neosporaspp. andB. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected withT. gondiiandH. hammondi,as well as among animals infected byT. gondiiandN. caninum. Infections caused byN. caninumandN. hughesiare almost indistinguishable by serology.Neospora caninum, B. besnoitiandSarcocystisspp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity betweenNeosporaspp. andH. heydorni-infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and/or humans infected withT. gondii, Neosporaspp.,Sarcocystisspp.,Hammondiaspp. andB. besnoiti. Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods forN. caninumdiagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.

The Hepatic Chalone. I. Assay Method for the Hormone and Purification of the Rabbit Liver Chalone

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1376-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Verly ◽  
Y. Deschamps ◽  
J. Pushpathadam ◽  
M. Desrosiers
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Rabbit Liver ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Species Specific

Chalone from rabbit liver has been purified 450-fold; it is a polypeptide of small molecular weight. Its action on liver DNA synthesis is tissue-specific but not species-specific. The dose–effect relationship is in agreement with the theory of receptor sites in the hepatocytes with a low affinity for this hormone.

scholarly journals A 16S rDNA-based nested PCR protocol to detect Campylobacter gracilis in oral infections

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Freitas Siqueira Júnior ◽  
Isabela das Neves Rôças
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Species Specific

The aim of this study was to describe a 16S rDNA-based nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter gracilis in oral infections. Samples were collected from ten infected root canals, ten cases of acute periradicular abscesses and eight cases of adult marginal periodontitis. DNA extracted from the samples was initially amplified using universal 16S rDNA primers. A second round of amplification used the first PCR products to detect C. gracilis using oligonucleotide primers designed from species-specific 16S rDNA signature sequences. The nPCR assay used in this study showed a detection limit of 10 C. gracilis cells and no cross-reactivity was observed with nontarget bacteria. C. gracilis was detected in the three types of oral infections investigated - 4/10 infected root canals; 2/10 acute periradicular abscesses; and 1/8 subgingival specimens from adult periodontitis. The method proposed in this study showed both high sensitivity and high specificity to directly detect C. gracilis in samples from root canal infections, abscesses, and subgingival plaque. Our findings confirmed that C. gracilis may be a member of the microbiota associated with distinct oral infections, and its specific role in such diseases requires further clarification.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate–carbohydrate interaction provides adhesion force and specificity for cellular recognition

2004 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Bucior ◽  
Simon Scheuring ◽  
Andreas Engel ◽  
Max M. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Sponge Cell ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Cellular Recognition ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cell Cell

The adhesion force and specificity in the first experimental evidence for cell–cell recognition in the animal kingdom were assigned to marine sponge cell surface proteoglycans. However, the question whether the specificity resided in a protein or carbohydrate moiety could not yet be resolved. Here, the strength and species specificity of cell–cell recognition could be assigned to a direct carbohydrate–carbohydrate interaction. Atomic force microscopy measurements revealed equally strong adhesion forces between glycan molecules (190–310 piconewtons) as between proteins in antibody–antigen interactions (244 piconewtons). Quantitative measurements of adhesion forces between glycans from identical species versus glycans from different species confirmed the species specificity of the interaction. Glycan-coated beads aggregated according to their species of origin, i.e., the same way as live sponge cells did. Live cells also demonstrated species selective binding to glycans coated on surfaces. These findings confirm for the first time the existence of relatively strong and species-specific recognition between surface glycans, a process that may have significant implications in cellular recognition.

Cross-Reactivity between IgE-Binding Proteins from Anisakis Simplex and Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bernardini ◽  
G. Mistrello ◽  
E. Novembre ◽  
D. Roncarolo ◽  
S. Zanotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Cross

An association was found between Anisakis simplex (As) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) sensitization. One recent study shows a cross-reactivity between As and Dp and tropomyosin (tr) is suspected as being one of the proteins responsible of this cross-reaction. The aim of our study was: 1) to confirm the cross-reactivity between Dp and As; 2) to determine the importance of tr in this cross reaction. SDS-PAGE analysis of Dp and As (metabolic and somatic) extracts was carried out. Then an IgE immunoblotting test using serum from a patient who had specific IgE only to Dp and As and immunoblotting inhibition experiments using Dp extract and tr as inhibitors were performed. We found that patient's serum reacted: 1) against larval As antigens with a molecular weight (mw) of 25 kilodalton (kD) and a mw > 100 kD, 2) against various metabolic As antigens with a mw > 100 kD, a mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD, and a mw around 20 kD, and 3) against Dp proteins with mw between 35 and 55 kD. Preincubation of patient's serum with Dp extract caused the disappearance of reactivity against antigens with a mw > 100 kD in both larval and metabolic As extracts and against proteins with mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD in the metabolic As extract. Preincubation of patient's serum with As extract caused the disappearance of reactivity against antigens with mw between 35 and 55 kD in the Dp extract. Pre-incubation of patient's serum with tr did not induce any change in the immunoblotting profile. The results show that 1) cross-reactive components between Dp and As are some proteins with a mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD and with a mw > 100 kD, and 2) tr is not involved in cross-reactivity between As and Dp.

scholarly journals Venomics and Cellular Toxicity of Thai Pit Vipers (Trimeresurus macrops and T. hageni)

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supeecha Kumkate ◽  
Lawan Chanhome ◽  
Tipparat Thiangtrongjit ◽  
Jureeporn Noiphrom ◽  
Panithi Laoungboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Crude Venom ◽  
Monocytic Cells ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Species Specific

The two venomous pit vipers, Trimeresurus macrops and T. hageni, are distributed throughout Thailand, although their abundance varies among different areas. No species-specific antivenom is available for their bite victims, and the only recorded treatment method is a horse antivenom raised against T. albolabris crude venom. To facilitate assessment of the cross-reactivity of heterologous antivenoms, protein profiles of T. macrops and T. hageni venoms were explored using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. The results show that 185 and 216 proteins were identified from T. macrops and T. hageni venoms, respectively. Two major protein components in T. macrops and T. hageni venoms were snake venom serine protease and metalloproteinase. The toxicity of the venoms on human monocytes and skin fibroblasts was analyzed, and both showed a greater cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts than monocytic cells, with toxicity occurring in a dose-dependent rather than a time-dependent manner. Exploring the protein composition of snake venom leads to a better understanding of the envenoming of prey. Moreover, knowledge of pit viper venomics facilitates the selection of the optimum heterologous antivenoms for treating bite victims.

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