Co-existence of congeneric species of Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus lucii and A. anguillae in eels Anguilla anguilla in Ireland

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Kennedy ◽  
C. Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Exploitation Competition ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
Time Of Year

SUMMARYA population of eels Anguilla anguilla from Lough Derg, R. Shannon, Ireland, harbouring infections of both Acanthocephalus lucii and A. anguillae was studied over three years. Both parasite species had the same intermediate host and eels appeared to be the only definitive host for A. anguillae. Throughout the whole period, A. lucii was the dominant parasite, was over-dispersed throughout the eel population and most frequently occurred as a single species infection. A. anguillae was far less common, its dispersion was close to random at most times and it almost invariably occurred as a mixed species infection. The proportions of the two species remained fairly constant over the period. Despite some indication of site selection in the intestine, the distribution of both species overlapped considerably and there was no evidence of competitive displacement of one species by the other or of resource partitioning in space. The life-histories of both species were similar: they infected eels, bred and were lost from fish at the same time of year and there was no indication of resource partitioning in time. Congeneric species of acanthocephalans can thus co-exist in apparently stable equilibrium in fish as predicted and without any evidence of interactions, but it is still considered that exploitation competition between the species may be occurring in eels.

Richness and diversity of parasite communities in European eels Anguilla anguilla of the River Rhine, Germany, with special reference to helminth parasites

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SURES ◽  
K. KNOPF ◽  
J. WÜRTZ ◽  
J. HIRT
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Single Species ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
First Time

A total of 121 European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from 2 sampling sites on the River Rhine were investigated in respect of their parasite communities. Special attention was given to the swim bladders, intestines, gills and fins of the fish. Twelve different parasite species were found to live in and on the eels. Data from each sampling site were kept separate. Parasites found in descending order of prevalence were: Anguillicola crassus, Trypanosoma granulosum, Myxobolus sp., Paratenuisentis ambiguus, Pseudodactylogyrus sp., Bothriocephalus claviceps, Myxidium giardi, Pomphorhynchus laevis, Trichodina sp., Raphidascaris acus, Acanthocephalus lucii and Acanthocephalus anguillae. Significantly different prevalences were reported for L3 larvae of A. crassus, adult P. ambiguus, B. claviceps and Myxobolus sp. at the 2 sampling sites. The highest number of parasite species was recorded from the intestine, which contained up to 6 different helminths. The coexistence of the acanthocephalans P. laevis and P. ambiguus, which showed clear patterns of distribution within the intestine of the respective hosts, was reported for the first time. Up to 3 different helminth species were found in the intestine of individual fish. Among those, acanthocephalans were the most prevalent worms with the eel-specific parasite P. ambiguus as the dominant species not only of the intestinal but also of the total component communities. Both infra and component communities exhibited low diversity and were dominated by this single species. The evenness reached only approximately 50% or less and it remained unclear why the helminth communities of the eels from the River Rhine with its huge catchment area exhibit such a low parasite diversity and high dominance.

The spatial distribution and fecundity of sympatric species ofDiplostomum(subclass Digenea) in single-species and mixed-species infections in the intestine of the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Rose Lapierre ◽  
Marilyn E. Scott ◽  
J. Daniel McLaughlin ◽  
David J. Marcogliese
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Linear Span ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Spatial Displacement ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Larus Delawarensis ◽  
Intestinal Segments

Interactions between parasite species may influence their distribution and abundance within communities. Experimental single-species infections of Diplostomum spp. in the gut of the definitive host, the Ringed-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis Ord, 1815), were compared with mixed-species infections to explore interactions among parasites. Three species of Diplostomum von Nordmann, 1832 (Digenea), designated as Diplostomum sp. 1, Diplostomum sp. 4, and Diplostomum baeri Dubois, 1937, were examined for intestinal distribution and fecundity in single and mixed infections. In single-species infections, most specimens of Diplostomum sp. 1 and D. baeri were recovered from the mid-region of the intestine, whereas Diplostomum sp. 4 were mainly present in the anterior region. Significant spatial displacement was observed only for D. baeri when Diplostomum sp. 1 was also present. Intensity was directly correlated to the number of occupied intestinal segments, and there was no significant difference in mean linear span for each species between single-species and mixed-species infections. Diplostomum sp. 4 had the highest mean number of eggs per worm in utero in single-species infections. In mixed-species infections, the fecundity of Diplostomum sp. 4 declined dramatically in the presence of Diplostomum sp. 1, whereas fecundity of Diplostomum sp. 1 increased in the presence of D. baeri. These results highlight interspecific interactions that may play a role in population dynamics of Diplostomum spp. and community structure.

Body size and meta-community structure: the allometric scaling of parasitic worm communities in their mammalian hosts

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
pp. 880-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIULIO A. DE LEO ◽  
ANDREW P. DOBSON ◽  
MARINO GATTO
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Exploitation Competition ◽  
Parasitic Worm ◽  
Invasion Criteria ◽  
Body Sizes

SUMMARYIn this paper we derive from first principles the expected body sizes of the parasite communities that can coexist in a mammal of given body size. We use a mixture of mathematical models and known allometric relationships to examine whether host and parasite life histories constrain the diversity of parasite species that can coexist in the population of any host species. The model consists of one differential equation for each parasite species and a single density-dependent nonlinear equation for the affected host under the assumption of exploitation competition. We derive threshold conditions for the coexistence and competitive exclusion of parasite species using invasion criteria and stability analysis of the resulting equilibria. These results are then used to evaluate the range of parasites species that can invade and establish in a target host and identify the ‘optimal’ size of a parasite species for a host of a given body size; ‘optimal’ is defined as the body size of a parasite species that cannot be outcompeted by any other parasite species. The expected distributions of parasites body sizes in hosts of different sizes are then compared with those observed in empirical studies. Our analysis predicts the relative abundance of parasites of different size that establish in the host and suggests that increasing the ratio of parasite body size to host body size above a minimum threshold increases the persistence of the parasite population.

scholarly journals Checklist of the parasites of European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anguillidae) in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Dzido ◽  
Leszek Rolbiecki ◽  
Joanna Izdebska ◽  
Rafał Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
European Eel ◽  
New Host ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Acanthocephalus Lucii ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
New Host Records ◽  
Raphidascaris Acus

The present paper lists all parasite species of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758), recorded in Poland, in both its saltwater and freshwater habitats. The list has been drawn up, based on data acquired since 1844. The majority of included parasite species are presented with fish infection parameters together with data on their developmental stages and occupied microhabitats, localities and dates of collection of the eels themselves. The database includes 62 parasite taxa (including 50 species, nine identified to the genus level and three to higher taxa), representing at least 47 genera and 39 families. The most frequently-noted parasites of the European eel are the cestode Bothriocephalus claviceps, the nematodes Anguillicoloides crassus, Camallanus lacustris and Raphidascaris acus and the acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus lucii. Four alien species have been noted from this host: A. crassus, the monogeneans Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae and Pseudodactylogyrus bini and the acanthocephalan Paratenuisentis ambiguus. The present list includes both new host records and earlier records not included in previous lists of parasites of eels.

Metazoan Parasites and Health State of European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla (Anguilliformes, Anguillidae), From Tonga Lake and El Mellah Lagoon in the Northeast of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bakaria ◽  
S. Belhaoues ◽  
N. Djebbari ◽  
M. Tahri ◽  
I. Ladjama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Health State ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Argulus Foliaceus

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine metazoans parasite communities of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in freshwater (Tonga Lake) and brackish water (El Mellah lagoon) in the northeast of Algeria. Six parasite taxa were collected: one monogenean, Pseudodactylogyrus sp.; two crustaceans, Ergasilus sp. and Argulus foliaceus; two nematodes, Cucullanus sp. and Anguillicola crassus; one cestode, Bothriocephalus claviceps. Th e most prevalent parasite taxa in freshwater were Pseudodactylogyrus sp., A. crassus and Bothriocephalus claviceps; whereas in the brackish water, eels were infected mainly with A. crassus. Th e characteristics of the parasite component community structure revealed low parasite species diversity and high dominance values in eels from the two localities. Both communities were dominated by a single parasite species: Tonga eels by the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp. and El Mellah lagoon eels by the nematode A. crassus, verified by high Berger-Parker dominance values of 0.76 and 0.87 respectively.

Speciation of cestoda. Evidence for two sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider 1902) (Cestoda: Cyathocephalidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Renaud ◽  
C. Gabrion
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Biological Differences

SUMMARYUsing biochemical genetic methods, we have distinguished 2 sibling species in the complex Bothrimonus nylandicus (Schneider, 1902), which infest 2 congeneric species of sole (Solea lascaris and Solea impar) on European coasts (Atlantic and Mediterranean). Neither of the parasite species is specific for either of the sole species, but one of them is present all year round, whereas the other is absent in the autumn and winter and only appears in the spring, subsequently disappearing at the end of the summer. Only S. impar lives in the Mediterranean, and is equally infested by both cestodes, whereas both species occur in the Atlantic and each of them is preferentially infested by 1 species of cestode. The shortness of the adult stage of the parasite in the definitive host and the presence of 2 life-cycles associated with competition between the 2 hosts in the Atlantic could be responsible for the biological differences observed and for maintaining the sibling species in sympatry.

From single-species advice to mixed-species management: taking the next step

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1398-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Vinther ◽  
Stuart A. Reeves ◽  
Kenneth R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
Management Priorities

Abstract Fishery management advice has traditionally been given on a stock-by-stock basis. Recent problems in implementing this advice, particularly for the demersal fisheries of the North Sea, have highlighted the limitations of the approach. In the long term, it would be desirable to give advice that accounts for mixed-fishery effects, but in the short term there is a need for approaches to resolve the conflicting management advice for different species within the same fishery, and to generate catch or effort advice that accounts for the mixed-species nature of the fishery. This paper documents a recent approach used to address these problems. The approach takes the single-species advice for each species in the fishery as a starting point, then attempts to resolve it into consistent catch or effort advice using fleet-disaggregated catch forecasts in combination with explicitly stated management priorities for each stock. Results are presented for the groundfish fisheries of the North Sea, and these show that the development of such approaches will also require development of the ways in which catch data are collected and compiled.

scholarly journals Damming in the Madeira River modifies the food spectrum of piscivorous and affects their resource partitioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pasian Lonardoni ◽  
Cristhiana Paula Röpke ◽  
Taís Melo ◽  
Gislene Torrente-Vilara
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Madeira River

Abstract Phylogenetic proximity suggests some degree of diet similarity among species. Usually, studies of diet show that species coexistence is allowed by partitioning food resources. We evaluate how visually oriented piscivorous fishes (Characiformes) share prey before and after building the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) in the Madeira River (Brazil), the largest muddy-water tributary of the Amazon River. Piscivorous species (Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Acestrorhynchus heterolepis, Hydrolycus scomberoides, and Rhaphiodon vulpinus) were sampled under pristine (pre-HPP) and disturbed (post-HPP) environmental conditions. We analyzed species abundance and stomach contents for stomach fullness and prey composition to check variations between congeneric and non-congeneric species. The percent volume of prey taxa was normalized by stomach fullness and grouped into the taxonomic family level to determine diet, niche breadth, and overlap. Only R. vulpinus abundance increased in post-HPP. There was no significant variation in niche breadth between the periods, while niche overlap decreased in congeneric and non-congeneric species. Our results indicate that river impoundment affected piscivorous fishes in distinct ways and modified their resource partitioning. Therefore, evaluate interspecific interactions is a required tool to understand how fishes respond to river damming.

scholarly journals Estimation of the relative abundance of species in artificial mixtures of insects using low-coverage shotgun metagenomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Garrido-Sanz ◽  
Miquel Àngel Senar ◽  
Josep Piñol
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Low Coverage

Amplicon metabarcoding is an established technique to analyse the taxonomic composition of communities of organisms using high-throughput DNA sequencing, but there are doubts about its ability to quantify the relative proportions of the species, as opposed to the species list. Here, we bypass the enrichment step and avoid the PCR-bias, by directly sequencing the extracted DNA using shotgun metagenomics. This approach is common practice in prokaryotes, but not in eukaryotes, because of the low number of sequenced genomes of eukaryotic species. We tested the metagenomics approach using insect species whose genome is already sequenced and assembled to an advanced degree. We shotgun-sequenced, at low-coverage, 18 species of insects in 22 single-species and 6 mixed-species libraries and mapped the reads against 110 reference genomes of insects. We used the single-species libraries to calibrate the process of assignation of reads to species and the libraries created from species mixtures to evaluate the ability of the method to quantify the relative species abundance. Our results showed that the shotgun metagenomic method is easily able to set apart closely-related insect species, like four species of Drosophila included in the artificial libraries. However, to avoid the counting of rare misclassified reads in samples, it was necessary to use a rather stringent detection limit of 0.001, so species with a lower relative abundance are ignored. We also identified that approximately half the raw reads were informative for taxonomic purposes. Finally, using the mixed-species libraries, we showed that it was feasible to quantify with confidence the relative abundance of individual species in the mixtures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document