Immunodiagnosis of taeniasis by coproantigen detection

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Allan ◽  
G. Avila ◽  
J. Garcia Noval ◽  
A. Flisser ◽  
P. S. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Immunodiagnostic Tests

SUMMARYImmunodiagnostic tests for Taenia-specific faecal antigen based on polyclonal rabbit antisera against Taenia saginata or Taenia solium proglottid extracts in capture-type ELISA assays have been developed. Taenia-specific antigen was detected in detergent-solubilized faecal extracts from T. solium- and T. saginata-infected hosts. Coproantigen from T. solium-infected hamsters did not cross-react with faeces from rodents infected with Hymenolepis diminuta, H. citelli, H. micro-stoma, Necator americanus, Strongyloides ratti or Nematospiroides dubius and faeces from uninfected animals. When the T. saginata-capture ELISA was tested with faecal samples positive for T. solium antigen, no cross-reactions were obtained. However, faecal samples from humans infected with T. solium or T. saginata, including some with extremely low egg counts, were cross-reactive by either test. Nevertheless, considerably higher O.D. values were obtained with stool samples from Taenia patients compared to Hymenolepis nana-infected or uninfected individuals. Two individuals, infected with Taenia sp. and positive for coproantigens by ELISA, became antigen-negative 6 days after treatment with Niclosamide. The possibility of developing species-specific immunodiagnostic tests for human taeniasis through coproantigen detection is discussed.

scholarly journals Taenia saginata Metacestode Antigenic Fractions without Affinity to Concanavalin A Are an Important Source of Specific Antigens for the Diagnosis of Human Neurocysticercosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heliana B. Oliveira ◽  
Gleyce A. Machado ◽  
José R. Mineo ◽  
Julia M. Costa-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Unbound Fraction ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Homologous Antigen

ABSTRACT Taenia saginata metacestode antigens have been constituted a useful alternative antigen for neurocysticercosis (NC) serodiagnosis, particularly due to an increasing difficulty to obtain Taenia solium homologous antigen. Cross-reactivity with Echinococcus granulosus infection occurs in homologous and heterologous antigens and could be avoided by using different purified methods. The present study evaluated antigen fractions obtained from saline extracts of T. saginata metacestodes purified by affinity chromatography with jacalin or concanavalin A (ConA) lectins to detect IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis to diagnose human NC. Serum samples were collected from 142 individuals: 40 of them were diagnosed with NC, 62 presented Taenia sp. and other parasites, and 40 were apparently healthy individuals. The jacalin- and ConA-unbound fractions demonstrated sensitivity and specificity higher than those of bound fractions. Among unbound fractions, ConA demonstrated statistically higher sensitivity and specificity by ELISA (90% and 93.1%, respectively). By immunoblot assay, the 64- to 68-kDa component from the ConA-unbound fraction showed 100% sensitivity and specificity, making this component suitable for use as a specific antigen for diagnosis of NC. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the relevance of using the unbound ConA fraction of T. saginata metacestodes to diagnose NC. In conclusion, the results obtained herein clearly demonstrate that antigenic fractions without affinity to ConA, obtained from T. saginata metacestodes, are an important source of specific peptides and are efficient in the diagnosis of NC when tested by immunoblot assay.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Parasitosis in the Population of the City of N’Djamena [Chad]: Causes of Their Persistence

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Hamit Mahamat Alio ◽  
Fombotioh Ndifor ◽  
Samafou Kemba ◽  
Issa Ramat Adam ◽  
Nack Jacques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Stool Analysis ◽  
The City

In tropical areas gastrointestinal parasitosis are constantly changing in frequency and the large number of asymptomatic carriers continue to be a public health problem. This study was carried out during the last trimester of 2019 in the city of N’Djamena (Chad). This work was designed to take a stock of the overall level of carriage of parasitic infections of the population of the city. Our study sample was made up of 366 individuals whose age varied from 1 to 77 years. Each subject included in this study benefited from parasitological stool analysis using three methods. The method of direct observation in physiological water, the method of concentration in formalin-ether and that of Kato Katz. The results obtained showed that 222 subjects were carriers of at least one species of parasite, or either a global infection rate of 60.66%. Ten species of gastrointestinal parasites were identified of which three species of protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (34.70 %), Giardia intestinalis (3.55%), Entamoeba coli (0.55%) and seven species of helminths: Hymenolepis nana (18.85%), Ascaris lumbricoides (9.29%), Taenia saginata (8.20%), Hymenolepis diminuta (2.19%), Schiotosoma mansoni (0.27%), Heterophyes hetrophyses (0.55%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.27%). In N’Djamena the parasitism of those investigated was mainly (45.63%) monospecific and poly-specific (bi-and tri-specific) in 15.03% of the causes while 39.34% of persons examined were free from all forms of protozoa and helminths. The epidemiology of pathogenic forms was linked to a lack of hygiene especially ignorance of the risk of faecal peril. It is therefore important to strengthen the health education of the population in this city in particular and throughout the country in general.

Differentiating Taenia solium and Taenia saginata Infections by Simple Hematoxylin-Eosin Staining and PCR-Restriction Enzyme Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Mayta ◽  
A. Talley ◽  
R. H. Gilman ◽  
J. Jimenez ◽  
M. Verastegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Acquired Epilepsy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

ABSTRACT Species-specific identification of human tapeworm infections is important for public health purposes, because prompt identification of Taenia solium carriers may prevent further human cysticercosis infections (a major cause of acquired epilepsy). Two practical methods for the differentiation of cestode proglottids, (i) routine embedding, sectioning, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and (ii) PCR with restriction enzyme analysis (PCR-REA), were tested on samples from 40 individuals infected with T. solium ( n = 34) or Taenia saginata ( n = 6). Microscopic examination of HE staining of sections from 24 cases, in which conserved proglottids were recovered, clearly revealed differences in the number of uterine branches. Distinct restriction patterns for T. solium and T. saginata were observed when the PCR products containing the ribosomal 5.8S gene plus internal transcribed spacer regions were digested with either Alu I, Dde I, or Mbo I. Both HE histology and PCR-REA are useful techniques for differentiating T. solium from T. saginata . Importantly, both techniques can be used in zones of endemicity. HE histology is inexpensive and is currently available in most regions of endemicity, and PCR-REA can be performed in most hospital centers already performing PCR without additional equipment or the use of radioactive material.

Differential Diagnosis of Taenia saginata and Taenia solium Infection by PCR

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel González ◽  
Estrella Montero ◽  
Leslie J. S. Harrison ◽  
R. Michael E. Parkhouse ◽  
Teresa Garate
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Differential Detection ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Noncoding Dna ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Specific Fragment ◽  
Species Specific

We have designed species-specific oligonucleotides which permit the differential detection of two species of cestodes, Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. The oligonucleotides contain sequences established for two previously reported, noncoding DNA fragments cloned from a genomic library of T. saginata. The first, which is T. saginata specific (fragment HDP1), is a repetitive sequence with a 53-bp monomeric unit repeated 24 times in direct tandem along the 1,272-bp fragment. From this sequence the two oligonucleotides that were selected (oligonucleotides PTs4F1 and PTs4R1) specifically amplified genomic DNA (gDNA) from T. saginata but not T. solium or other related cestodes and had a sensitivity down to 10 pg of T. saginata gDNA. The second DNA fragment (fragment HDP2; 3,954 bp) hybridized to bothT. saginata and T. solium DNAs and was not a repetitive sequence. Three oligonucleotides (oligonucleotides PTs7S35F1, PTs7S35F2, and PTs7S35R1) designed from the sequence of HDP2 allowed the differential amplification of gDNAs from T. saginata, T. solium, and Echinococcus granulosus in a multiplex PCR, which exhibits a sensitivity of 10 pg.

scholarly journals The diagnostic importance of species specific and cross-reactive components of Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, and Hymenolepis nana

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Montenegro ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
Rosa Castillo ◽  
Victor Tsang ◽  
Joy Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Lentil Lectin ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Diagnostic Importance

Sera from patients infected with Taenia solium, Hymenolepis nana and Echinococcus granulosus were tested against homologous and heterologous parasite antigens using an ELISA assay, and a high degree of cross-reactivity was verified. To identify polypeptides responsible for this cross reactivity, the Enzyme Linked Immunoelectro Transfer Blot (EITB) was used. Sera from infected patients with T.solium, H.nana, and E.granulosus were assessed against crude, ammonium sulphate precipitated (TSASP), and lentil-lectin purified antigens of T.solium and crude antigens of.H.nana and E.granulosus. Several bands, recognized by sera from patients with T.solium, H.nana, and E.granulosus infections, were common to either two or all three cestodes. Unique reactive bands in H.nana were noted at 49 and 66 K-Da and in E.granulosus at 17-21 K-Da and at 27-32 K-Da. In the crude cysticercosis extract, a specific non glycoprotein band was present at 61-67 K-Da in addiction to specific glycoprotein bands of 50, 42, 24, 21, 18, 14, and 13 K-Da. None of the sera from patients with H.nana or E.granulosus infection cross reacted with these seven glycoprotein bands considered specific for T.solium infection.

scholarly journals Diferenciação específica entre Taenia saginata e Taenia solium por ensaio de PCR e duplex-PCR

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurione Antônio Garcia da Veiga Jardim ◽  
Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares ◽  
Fernando Araripe Gonçalves Torres ◽  
José Luiz de Barros Araújo ◽  
Silvia Minharro Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Moniezia Expansa ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis

Este estudo teve como objetivo a padronização de protocolos e a seleção de novos primers para a identificação espécie-específica de Taenia saginata e Taenia solium através da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e duplex-PCR. Inicialmente, foram recuperadas seqüências depositadas no GenBank (acesso n° AB020399 para T. saginata e n° AB020395 para T. solium) referentes ao gene da subunidade maior do ribossomo (LSU RNAr) de tenídeos. A partir do alinhamento das seqüências, um primer genérico denominado TBR-3 (5'-ggcttgtttgaatggtttgacg- 3') foi selecionado de região conservada e, de diferentes regiões semi-conservadas, os primers específicos TBR-4 para T. saginata (5'-cgactcatgaagataaacaaggt-3') e TBR-5 (5'-cggtcgaacagaccataaatct-3') e TBR-6 (5'-gctactacacctaaattctaacc- 3') para T. solium. Os primers foram avaliados quanto à especificidade através da PCR empregando-se DNA total (DNAt) de amostras de cisticercos e proglotes dos parasitos, previamente identificadas por critérios morfológicos. O par de primers TBR-3/TBR-4 permitiu a amplificação específica do fragmento esperado de 328 pb a partir do DNAt de T. saginata. Os pares TBR-3/TBR-5 e TBR-3/TBR-6 permitiram a amplificação, respectivamente, dos fragmentos específicos de 310pb e 286pb a partir do DNAt de T. solium. A identidade dos produtos de PCR foi comprovada comparando-se a seqüência dos amplicons obtidos às seqüências de referência do gene LSU RNAr registrado no GenBank (n° AB020399 e n° AB020395). As reações apresentaram sensibilidade para detecção de até 1fg do DNAt de T. solium e 0,2fg do DNAt de T. saginata. A combinação dos primers TBR-3/TBR-4 e TBR3/TBR-6 e o tamanho dos fragmentos gênicos obtidos permitiram o estabelecimento de ensaios de duplex-PCR, eficaz na detecção simultânea do DNA de T. saginata e T. solium em sistema único de reação. Os primers utilizados não geraram qualquer produto de amplificação cruzada quando testados com DNAt de Taenia hydatigena, Taenia taeniaeformis, Hymenolepis diminuta, Anoplocephala magna, Paranoplocephala mamillana e Moniezia expansa, nem frente ao DNAt dos hospedeiros Homo sapiens, Bos taurus e Sus scrofa.

scholarly journals Differential detection ofEntamoeba histolytica,Entamoeba disparandEntamoeba moshkovskiiin faecal samples using nested multiplex PCR in west of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fares Bahrami ◽  
Ali Haghighi ◽  
Ghasem Zamini ◽  
Mohammadbagher Khademerfan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the prevalence ofEntamoeba histolytica,Entamoeba disparandEntamoeba moshkovskii(collectively referred to asEntamoebacomplex), using microscopic and molecular methods in Kurdistan Province, northwest of Iran. The relationship between positiveEntamoebaspecies and clinical symptoms was also investigated. Eight positiveEntamoebacomplex, as well as fourEntamoebacomplex-like isolates, were detected by microscopic stool examination. DNA was extracted from all positive and from 55 randomly selected negative stool samples. PCR was performed using species-specific 18S rRNA primers for theEntamoebacomplex. All positive PCR samples were sequenced. In total, 14 (1.01%) out of 1383 isolates, i.e. 12 microscopy-positive andEntamoebacomplex-like isolates and two out of 55 microscopy-negative isolates, were identified via PCR and sequencing. Overall, 0.58% (8/1383) of the isolates wereE.dispar, 0.14% (2/1383)E.histolytica, 0.07% (1/1383)E.moshkovskiiand 0.22% (3/1383) were mixed ofE.histolyticaandE.dispar. Based on our findings, the prevalence ofE. disparis greater than that ofE. histoltyica. On the other hand, a case ofE. moshkovskiiwas reported for the first time in this region. It seems that some gastrointestinal symptoms may be attributed toEntamoebaspecies.

The minimum effective dose of praziquantel in treatment of Hymenolepis diminuta in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Fan ◽  
A. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractTo determine the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against Hymenolepis diminuta in rats, 5.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, or 0.05 mg/kg praziquantel were given to each of five experimentally infected rats in six groups. Faecal samples from each rat were examined for worms on day 10. Based on the results of faecal examination and autopsy, the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against Hymenolepis diminuta in rats was determined to be 0.5 mg/kg.

Memoirs: On Some Remarkable New Monticellia-Like and Other Cestodes from Sudanese Siluroids

1925 ◽  
Vol s2-69 (276) ◽  
pp. 703-729
Author(s):  
W. N. F. WOODLAND
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Family ◽  
Taxonomic Feature ◽  
A New Species

1. Those species of Proteocephalid Cestodes in which the testes are situated in the cortex may be described as of the Monticellia type. Of this type there are three conditions : (a) the Monticellia condition in which the testes, uterus, ovary, and vitellaria are all situated in the cortex; (b) the Rudolphiella condition in which the testes and vitellaria alone are in the cortex, the other organs being entirely or almost entirely in the medulla ; and (c) the Marsypocephalus condition in which the testes alone are in the cortex, all other organs being medullary. Fuhrmann's genus Goezeella is synonymous with Monticellia if we ignore the characters of the scolex as features of generic value. 2. The anatomy of two species of Marsypocephalus is described: Marsypocephalus rectangulus Wedl, 1862, and Marsypocephalus heterobranchus, n.sp., from Nile Siluroid fishes. 3. It is concluded that the cortical situation of the testes and other organs is a taxonomic feature of generic value only (as in Pseudophyllidea in the case of the vitellaria) and La Rue's new family of the Monticellidae, created to include Monticellia-like forms, is not accepted. Monticellia, Rudolphiella, and Marsypocephalus are thus regarded as new genera in the Proteocephalidae. 4. The facts that the ‘Corallobothrium’ type of scolex is found in all of the three genera Monticellia (as amended by me and including ‘Goezeella’ siluri, Fuhrmann), Rudolphiella, and Proteocephalus (as amended by me and including ‘Corallobothrium’ solidum, Fritsch), and that in the Caryophyllaeidae, Bothriocephalidae, and Cyclophyllidea (cf. e.g. Taenia solium and Taenia saginata) minor scolex characters are evidently only features of specific value, compel us to delete such genera as Corallobothrium, Choanoscolex, Acanthotaenia, and my own recent genus Gangesia and to regard them as synonyms of Proteocephalus (La Rue's genus ‘Ophiotaenia’, syn. ‘Crepidobothrium’, not being accepted). Fuhrmann's Goezeella siluri becomes Monticellia siluri, and Fritach's Corallobothrium solidum becomes Proteocephalus solidus. The genera of the Proteocephalidae are thus four in number: Proteocephalus , Monticellia, Rudolphiella , and Marsypocep, halus, and these are formally or informally redefined. The two species of Marsypocephalus are diagnosed. 5. The ‘Taenia malopteruri’ of Fritsch, 1886, is not of the Monticellia type, as suggested by La Rue. Its structure is of the usual Proteocephalid type, save that the scolex possesses a rostellum and a broad band of hooklets and is covered with spinelets. It is renamed Proteocephalus malopteruri. 6. A new species of Clestobothrium--Clestobothrium clarias, from Clarias anguillaris Günth-is described. It is of interest, not only as being the third (second ?) species known of the genus, but because it affords one more illustration of the fact that the characters of the scolex cannot be used for diagnoses of genera. For this reason also, Lönnberg's genus Ptychobothrium (1889) becomes synonymous with Diesing's genus Polyonchobothrium (1884).

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