scholarly journals Differential detection ofEntamoeba histolytica,Entamoeba disparandEntamoeba moshkovskiiin faecal samples using nested multiplex PCR in west of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fares Bahrami ◽  
Ali Haghighi ◽  
Ghasem Zamini ◽  
Mohammadbagher Khademerfan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the prevalence ofEntamoeba histolytica,Entamoeba disparandEntamoeba moshkovskii(collectively referred to asEntamoebacomplex), using microscopic and molecular methods in Kurdistan Province, northwest of Iran. The relationship between positiveEntamoebaspecies and clinical symptoms was also investigated. Eight positiveEntamoebacomplex, as well as fourEntamoebacomplex-like isolates, were detected by microscopic stool examination. DNA was extracted from all positive and from 55 randomly selected negative stool samples. PCR was performed using species-specific 18S rRNA primers for theEntamoebacomplex. All positive PCR samples were sequenced. In total, 14 (1.01%) out of 1383 isolates, i.e. 12 microscopy-positive andEntamoebacomplex-like isolates and two out of 55 microscopy-negative isolates, were identified via PCR and sequencing. Overall, 0.58% (8/1383) of the isolates wereE.dispar, 0.14% (2/1383)E.histolytica, 0.07% (1/1383)E.moshkovskiiand 0.22% (3/1383) were mixed ofE.histolyticaandE.dispar. Based on our findings, the prevalence ofE. disparis greater than that ofE. histoltyica. On the other hand, a case ofE. moshkovskiiwas reported for the first time in this region. It seems that some gastrointestinal symptoms may be attributed toEntamoebaspecies.

Species-specific patterns of the use of burrows of Upogebia Leach, 1814 (Decapoda: Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) by the symbiotic alpheid shrimps Stenalpheops anacanthus Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus Kubo, 1936 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) as revealed by laboratory quantification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Henmi ◽  
Gyo Itani
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Burrow Use ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Many alpheid shrimps live symbiotically on the body surface or inside the bodies of other invertebrates, while others use burrows made by other animals. The burrow symbiosis of alpheid shrimps is poorly studied in the context of ecology, probably because the cryptic infaunal nature of the relationship is hard to observe. The limited knowledge of the pattern of burrow use by alpheid shrimps leaves a gap in our understanding of their evolutionary history. We described and compared the behavior of Stenalpheops anacanthus  Miya, 1997 and Athanas japonicus  Kubo, 1936, two alpheid species living symbiotically in the burrows of the same host, Upogebia yokoyai  Makarov, 1938. We found that both alpheid species used U. yokoyai burrows in aquaria, but their burrow use patterns were quite different. The average time taken for S. anacanthus to enter the burrow for the first time was much shorter (1 min) than that of A. japonicus (13 min). Subsequently, S. anacanthus made longer use of the burrow (80% of the observation period) than A. japonicus (49%). The tail-first exit frequency, which may indicate a sudden expulsion from the burrow by the host, was more frequent in A. japonicus (25%) than in S. anacanthus (7%). Such differences could be attributed to the nature of the symbiotic relationship, obligate in S. anacanthus but facultative in A. japonicus. Because of the diversity of symbiotic lifestyles, there is considerable potential to study the ecology and evolutionary biology of burrow-symbiotic alpheids further.

Microsporidial infections due toEncephalitozoon intestinalisin non-HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhoea

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1773-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. YAKOOB ◽  
Z. ABBAS ◽  
M. ASIM BEG ◽  
W. JAFRI ◽  
S. NAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

SUMMARYWe determined the prevalence of microsporidiaEnterocytozoon(Ent.)bieneusiandEncephalitozoon(E.)intestinalisinfection in patients with chronic diarrhoea and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 330 stool samples were examined from 171 (52%) patients with chronic diarrhoea, 18 (5%) with HCC while 141 (43%) were controls. Stool microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers forEnt. bieneusiandE. intestinalisand sequencing were carried out. Microsporidia were found by trichrome staining in 11/330 (3%) andE. intestinalisby PCR in 13/330 (4%) whileEnt. bieneusiwas not detected. PCR forE. intestinaliswas positive in 8/171 (5%) stool samples from patients with chronic diarrhoea, 2/141 (1·4%) samples from healthy controls and in 3/18 (17%) samples from patients with HCC. In the chronic diarrhoea group,E. intestinaliswas positive in 4/171 (2·3%) (P=0·69) stool samples compared to 2/18 (11%) (P=0·06) in the HCC group and 2/141 (1·4%) from healthy controls.E. intestinalisinfection was significantly associated with chronic diarrhoea and HCC in these patients who were negative for HIV. Stool examination with trichrome or species-specific PCR for microsporidia may help establish the cause of chronic diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Association of TCTP with Centrosome and Microtubules

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz K. Jaglarz ◽  
Franck Bazile ◽  
Katarzyna Laskowska ◽  
Zbigniew Polanski ◽  
Franck Chesnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Spindle Poles ◽  
Pericentriolar Material ◽  
Indirect Association ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein (TCTP) associates with microtubules (MT), however, the details of this association are unknown. Here we analyze the relationship of TCTP with MTs and centrosomes inXenopus laevisand mammalian cells using immunofluorescence, tagged TCTP expression and immunoelectron microscopy. We show that TCTP associates both with MTs and centrosomes at spindle poles when detected by species-specific antibodies and by Myc-XlTCTP expression inXenopusand mammalian cells. However, when the antibodies against XlTCTP were used in mammalian cells, TCTP was detected exclusively in the centrosomes. These results suggest that a distinct pool of TCTP may be specific for, and associate with, the centrosomes. Double labelling for TCTP and γ-tubulin with immuno-gold electron microscopy inXenopus laevisoogonia shows localization of TCTP at the periphery of the γ-tubulin-containing pericentriolar material (PCM) enveloping the centriole. TCTP localizes in the close vicinity of, but not directly on the MTs inXenopusovary suggesting that this association requires unidentified linker proteins. Thus, we show for the first time: (1) the association of TCTP with centrosomes, (2) peripheral localization of TCTP in relation to the centriole and the γ-tubulin-containing PCM within the centrosome, and (3) the indirect association of TCTP with MTs.

scholarly journals Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta (Rodolphi, 1819) in a Child from North of Iran: Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam SHARIFDINI ◽  
Elham HAJIALILO ◽  
Laleh GHANBARZADEH ◽  
Mehrzad SARAEI
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
First Time ◽  
Guilan Province

We report a human case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in Guilan Province, northern part of Iran in 2017. The patient was a 15-month-old boy with gastrointestinal symptoms. In stool examination, eggs of H. diminuta was found based on morphological characteristic. The infant was successfully treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel, and then completely recovered. For the first time, we report human infection with this species in north of Iran.

Immunodiagnosis of taeniasis by coproantigen detection

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Allan ◽  
G. Avila ◽  
J. Garcia Noval ◽  
A. Flisser ◽  
P. S. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Taenia Saginata ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Immunodiagnostic Tests

SUMMARYImmunodiagnostic tests for Taenia-specific faecal antigen based on polyclonal rabbit antisera against Taenia saginata or Taenia solium proglottid extracts in capture-type ELISA assays have been developed. Taenia-specific antigen was detected in detergent-solubilized faecal extracts from T. solium- and T. saginata-infected hosts. Coproantigen from T. solium-infected hamsters did not cross-react with faeces from rodents infected with Hymenolepis diminuta, H. citelli, H. micro-stoma, Necator americanus, Strongyloides ratti or Nematospiroides dubius and faeces from uninfected animals. When the T. saginata-capture ELISA was tested with faecal samples positive for T. solium antigen, no cross-reactions were obtained. However, faecal samples from humans infected with T. solium or T. saginata, including some with extremely low egg counts, were cross-reactive by either test. Nevertheless, considerably higher O.D. values were obtained with stool samples from Taenia patients compared to Hymenolepis nana-infected or uninfected individuals. Two individuals, infected with Taenia sp. and positive for coproantigens by ELISA, became antigen-negative 6 days after treatment with Niclosamide. The possibility of developing species-specific immunodiagnostic tests for human taeniasis through coproantigen detection is discussed.

scholarly journals Trends in Clinical Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in the Northwest of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo ◽  
Farhad Pourfarzi ◽  
Babak Nakhostin ◽  
Darush Emdadi ◽  
Javad Abishvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptom ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses and constitute a subfamily of Coronaviridae ranging from the common cold virus to viruses causing more acute diseases such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Symptom), MERSE (Middle East Respiratory Symptom) and COVID-19 inflicting human respiratory system.Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive study collecting data from COVID-19 patients in Ardabil Province in 2020. To investigate the relationship between the clinical symptoms and time periods of the disease, chi-square and Fisher exact test were used.Results: A total of 5,541 cases were admitted in the hospitals of Ardabil province during the study period of which 2,505 (45.22%) patients had a positive PCR test. The patients were investigated in two different periods. The first period covered the onset of the disease in Ardabil on April 30, 2020, and the second period covered the time from May 1, to July 1, 2020.Conclusion: The results of the study reveal that among PCR-positive patients, the prevalence of stomachache and aches and pains was almost doubled between the two periods (P ˂ 0.05). Nevertheless, other symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, runny nose, chest pain and conjunctivitis reduced significantly (P ˂ 0.05).

scholarly journals Surveillance of enteropathogenic bacteria, protozoa and helminths in travellers returning from the tropics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Wiemer ◽  
Norbert Georg Schwarz ◽  
Gerd-Dieter Burchard ◽  
Hagen Frickmann ◽  
Ulrike Loderstaedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractDiarrhoea is a frequent symptom associated with travelling to tropical regions, but the cause is often not found. Epidemiology was assessed including up-to-date real-time PCR approaches.We analysed datasets of 528 patients who presented at the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine in Hamburg, Germany, between 2006 and 2010 for screening purposes or because of diarrhoea. Stool samples were obtained and investigated by microscopy, bacterial culture, two PCR assays targeting Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Giardia duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium parvum, or Salmonella spp., Shigella/EIEC spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Yersinia spp.Among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, 51% tested positive for bacteria or parasites, of which 66% had a known enteropathogenic potential. In patients without diarrhoea, 53% (n = 80) were positive, and 33% of these cases harboured agents of pathogenic potential. Association with clinical symptoms was primarily found for bacterial infections. Blastocystis hominis, however, was more frequent in asymptomatic than in symptomatic travellers.In conclusion, the study stresses the etiological relevance of bacterial gastroenteritis in travellers returning from the tropics, the need for molecular approaches to increase diagnostic sensitivity and demonstrates that asymptomatic carriage of enteropathogens after prolonged stays in the tropics is similarly frequent compared with symptomatic infections in travellers.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC SIGNS IN GOUT

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Eleonora Norkuvienė ◽  
Mykolas Petraitis ◽  
Indrė Apanavičienė ◽  
Dalia Virvičiūtė ◽  
Asta Baranauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Urate Crystal ◽  
Us Findings ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

For the first time, the new ACR/EULAR gout classification criteria incorporate ultrasound (US) evidence of double contour sign (DC), an articular cartilage abnormality related to the deposition of crystals on the surface of the hyaline cartilage, as a sign specific to gout. US recently has been used as an objective diagnostic tool for detecting urate deposition (tophus (T), DC) or joint damage (erosion) in gout. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relationship between clinical gout activity and load of US changes, also to examine the concordance between patient reported joint attack (PRGA) and ultrasonographic intraarticular changes. Methods: Sixty monosodium-urate-crystal-confirmed gout patients and 36 healthy controls were prospectively included in one centre. The relationship between clinical symptoms and ultrasonographic gout-related changes investigating 36 joints and 4 tendons (m. triceps and patellar) was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation and agreement analysis (kappa coefficient). Results: moderate, positive correlation was observed between the number of subcutaneous tophi and total US tophus area (rs=0,628), total number of DC (rs=0,612), and erosions (rs=0,526), all p<0, 0001, found per patient on US. Gout attacks and disease duration significantly positively correlated with the load of all investigated US changes (p<0, 01). Investigating 1980 joints in 55 gout patients irrespective of treatment and disease duration, symptoms were reported in 307 (15,5%) joints while ultrasound detected signs of urate deposition and erosions in 416 (20,9%) and 143 (7,2%) joints, respectively. The overall concordance rate with PRGA in the joint was fair for tophus (κ= 0,333), especially in the wrist and ankle, also fair for DC (κ= 0,275) and erosion (κ= 0,217). There was large number of clinically false negative joints with T and/or DC found on US, but also negative intraarticular US in patient-reported arthritis. Better concordance, considered as moderate between PRGA and any sign of urate deposition (US T or DC) was found, investigating 1008 joints in untreated (28) gout subgroup (κ= 0,498) compared to treated (κ= 0,231). The specificity of US T, DC, and erosion was 81% (p<0, 0001), 86% (p<0, 0001), and 70% (p<0, 01), respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic changes positively correlate with disease activity and duration in gout with fair to moderate concordance between patientreported gout attack and intraarticular US findings. Not only symptomatic joints should be used for US gout classification in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidiosis among Hemodialysis Patients in Jordan: First Preliminary Screening Surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
AbdelRahman M. Zueter ◽  
Nawal S. Hijjawi ◽  
Khaled N. Hamadeneh ◽  
Maysa M. Al-Sheyab ◽  
Amal M. Hatamleh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
Brief Screening

Few studies have reported the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among hemodialysis patients worldwide. Currently many molecular and immunological assays have been developed for the sensitive diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis, but still, the microscopic detection of the parasitic infective stage (oocysts) in stool specimens using modified acid stain is regarded as a reliable sensitive technique which is widely used in many clinical labs. In the present study, a total of 133 stool samples were collected from hemodialysis patients and were screened for Cryptosporidium oocyst using formalin-ether concentration and modified acid-fast staining technique. Clinical and demographic data were also collected and analyzed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were recovered in 15/133 (11%) of the investigated hemodialysis patients. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 80 years (mean: 57.84 ± 12.22). Most of the Cryptosporidium-positive cases were recovered from males (73.7%) residing in rural villages in Irbid city (86.6%). The most repeatedly reported symptoms in the Cryptosporidium-positive patients were gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea (15%), nausea (24%), abdominal pain (23%) and bloating (17%), in addition to general fatigue (32%) and weight loss (19%). No statistically significant associations for certain clinical symptoms or risk factors were found. The present study is the first preliminary study in Jordan that provided a brief screening for the incidence of cryptosporidiosis among hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Subtype Analysis of Blastocystis hominis Isolated from Patients in the Northeast of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mitra Salehi ◽  
Jalal Mardaneh ◽  
Hamid Reza Niazkar ◽  
Mohammadhaasan Minooeianhaghighi ◽  
Elahe Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Low Prevalence

Blastocystis hominis is the most common intestinal parasite found in humans and many other hosts. Pathogenicity of Blastocystis spp. remains controversial, and it has been suggested that it may be associated with specific subtypes of the organism. This study identified the B. hominis subtypes and their prevalence rates in the northeast of Iran. A total of 1878 samples were collected from the northeast of Iran from January to December 2017. The patients’ demographic details were recorded. Samples were examined by a wet mount, and genomic DNA was extracted from positive samples. Also, PCR was done on the positive samples, and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were subsequently performed. From 1878 collected stool samples, 152 (8.1%) Blastocystis samples were detected by the microscopic method. Of the 152 samples, Blastocystis spp. were found in 53.6% of the men and 28.9% of the women who showed clinical gastrointestinal symptoms, and a significant relationship was observed between gender and clinical symptoms ( P = 0.002 ). A meaningful relationship was found between the season and infection with this parasite ( P value = 0.003). The results of the sequencing of 22 PCR products showed the dominance of ST3, which was isolated from 10 (45.45%) patients, while ST1, ST2, and ST7 were found in 4 (18.19%), 7 (31.81%), and 1 (4.55%) patients, respectively. In this study, ST7 had a low prevalence in the northeast of Iran, and similar to previous studies, ST3 was the dominant subtype.

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