Identification and in situ and in vitro characterization of secreted proteins produced by plant-parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. C. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

SUMMARYSecretions of plant-parasitic nematodes which are released into plant tissue may play critical roles in plant-nematode interactions. The identification and characterization of these molecules are of fundamental importance and may help to facilitate the development of novel strategies to interfere with nematode infection of plants and thereby decrease nematode-induced damage to crops. An antibody-based approach was used to isolate molecules present on the nematode surface and in nematode secretions. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced to secretions and to whole Heterodera avenue 2nd-stage juveniles; several of these MAbs recognized molecules present in nematode secretions produced in vitro. Three of these molecules have been partly characterized in H. avenae, Globodera rostochiensis, G. pallida and Meloidogyne incognita. A MAb reacting with the surfaces of these nematodes recognized antigens of different molecular weight in each of the species tested. This difference in antigenicity might be related to specific functions in these nematodes. Preliminary results show that this antibody also localized the antigen in root cells surrounding the feeding site induced by M. incognita in Arabidopsis thaliana.

scholarly journals Functions of Flavonoids in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chin ◽  
Carolyn Behm ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Most land plants can become infected by plant parasitic nematodes in the field. Plant parasitic nematodes can be free-living or endoparasitic, and they usually infect plant roots. Most damaging are endoparasites, which form feeding sites inside plant roots that damage the root system and redirect nutrients towards the parasite. This process involves developmental changes to the root in parallel with the induction of defense responses. Plant flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have roles in both root development and plant defense responses against a range of microorganisms. Here, we review our current knowledge of the roles of flavonoids in the interactions between plants and plant parasitic nematodes. Flavonoids are induced during nematode infection in plant roots, and more highly so in resistant compared with susceptible plant cultivars, but many of their functions remain unclear. Flavonoids have been shown to alter feeding site development to some extent, but so far have not been found to be essential for root–parasite interactions. However, they likely contribute to chemotactic attraction or repulsion of nematodes towards or away from roots and might help in the general plant defense against nematodes. Certain flavonoids have also been associated with functions in nematode reproduction, although the mechanism remains unknown. Much remains to be examined in this area, especially under field conditions.

scholarly journals A Role for AtWRKY23 in Feeding Site Establishment of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

2008 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Grunewald ◽  
Mansour Karimi ◽  
Krzysztof Wieczorek ◽  
Elke Van de Cappelle ◽  
Elisabeth Wischnitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Plant Parasitic

scholarly journals The Ditylenchus destructor genome provides new insights into the evolution of plant parasitic nematodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1835) ◽  
pp. 20160942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshui Zheng ◽  
Donghai Peng ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Hualin Liu ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Free Living Nematode ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes were found in 4 of the 12 clades of phylum Nematoda. These nematodes in different clades may have originated independently from their free-living fungivorous ancestors. However, the exact evolutionary process of these parasites is unclear. Here, we sequenced the genome sequence of a migratory plant nematode, Ditylenchus destructor . We performed comparative genomics among the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans and all the plant nematodes with genome sequences available. We found that, compared with C. elegans , the core developmental control processes underwent heavy reduction, though most signal transduction pathways were conserved. We also found D. destructor contained more homologies of the key genes in the above processes than the other plant nematodes. We suggest that Ditylenchus spp. may be an intermediate evolutionary history stage from free-living nematodes that feed on fungi to obligate plant-parasitic nematodes. Based on the facts that D. destructor can feed on fungi and has a relatively short life cycle, and that it has similar features to both C. elegans and sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes from clade 12, we propose it as a new model to study the biology, biocontrol of plant nematodes and the interaction between nematodes and plants.

Combinatorial in vitro RNAi of two neuropeptide genes and a pharyngeal gland gene on Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Banakar ◽  
Amita Sharma ◽  
Catherine J. Lilley ◽  
Nagavara Prasad Gantasala ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Rnai Silencing ◽  
Transcript Quantification ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pharyngeal Gland

Root-knot nematodes are the most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes. In the present study, functional validation using in vitro RNAi was carried out on Meloidogyne incognita with two FMRFamide-like peptide genes, flp-14 and flp-18, and a subventral pharyngeal gland specific gene, 16D10. It was found that RNAi silencing of each gene reduced the attraction of M. incognita at different time intervals both in combination and individually. Silencing of the genes reduced nematode infection by 23-30% and development as indicated by a reduction in the number of females by 26-62%. Reproduction was decreased by 27-73% and fecundity was decreased by 19-51%. In situ hybridisation revealed the expression of flp-18 in cells associated with the ventral and retro vesicular ganglia of the central nervous system. qRT-PCR supported the correlation between phenotypic effects of silencing with that of transcript quantification.

Biological attributes of Salibro™, a novel sulfonamide nematicide. Part 2: Impact on the fitness of various non-target nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim C. Thoden ◽  
Mariam A. Alkader ◽  
John A. Wiles
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Novel Products

Summary Currently a renaissance in chemical nematicides is taking place with novel products like Nimitz® (a.s. fluensulfone), Velum Prime® (a.s. fluopyram) and Salibro™ (a.s. fluazaindolizine – Reklemel™ active) entering the marketplace. Although a considerable amount of published data is already available on their laboratory and field impact on plant-parasitic nematodes, little is understood of their compatibility with the beneficial or free-living nematodes that are part of the soil health network. In a range of laboratory studies, the effects of these nematicides on the vitality and reproduction of several species was tested, including both cosmopolitan free-living nematodes (Acrobeloides, Cruznema, Panagrobelus) as well as commercially applied entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema, Heterorhabditis). Within aqueous exposure and agar plate in vitro assays, species sensitivity to those nematicides differed significantly but their fitness (vitality and reproduction; infectivity to insect hosts) was generally not adversely impacted by concentrations of 5-50 ppm (a.s.) of Salibro. Even at 250 ppm (a.s.) of Salibro only some species of the bacterial-feeding species showed some negative impact. By contrast, both Nimitz at 50 ppm (a.s.) and Velum at 5 ppm (a.s.) consistently demonstrated stronger adverse impacts. In second level soil drenching assays, either no, or occasionally slight, adverse effects on the natural community of free-living nematodes were observed if soils were drenched with different volumes of Salibro at 5-50 ppm (a.s.), while relatively stronger reductions were measured within the plant-parasitic species (especially root-knot nematodes). Both Nimitz and Vydate (a.s. oxamyl) showed some degree of compatibility at 5 and 25 ppm (a.s.), respectively, which was generally higher than for Velum Prime at 5 ppm (a.s.). Overall, these data indicate that, when used at common field rates, Salibro will be one of the best options as part of integrated nematode management programmes where the use of chemical nematicides is required.

scholarly journals Differential Response of Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Globodera, and Xiphinema Species to the Nematicide Fluazaindolizine

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 2003-2009
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Wram ◽  
Inga Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This research focused on the effects of fluazaindolizine on a diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes. In microwell assays, 24-h dose-response curves were generated for several species and populations of Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. penetrans, Globodera ellingtonae, and Xiphinema americanum. In a greenhouse study, the impact of fluazaindolizine on fecundity of M. incognita, M. hapla, and M. chitwoodi was tested by exposing nematodes for 24 h in solution and inoculating on tomato. The average 24-h ED50s (dose that resulted in the immobility of 50% of exposed nematodes) for M. hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. incognita were 325.7, 223.4, and 100.7 ppm, respectively. M. hapla had the most variation among populations, with 24-h ED50s ranging from 72 to 788 ppm. G. ellingtonae had the lowest 24-h ED50 at 30 ppm. Pratylenchus spp. were unaffected by fluazaindolizine. X. americanum was the only species where effects of fluazaindolizine were reversible, but had a 24-h ED50 that fell in the range of the Meloidogyne spp. In the greenhouse study, M. chitwoodi was the least sensitive with reproduction reaching 62% of the untreated control after a pre-exposure to 47 ppm, whereas M. incognita and M. hapla at the same exposure dose had reproduction rates of 27 and 36% of the untreated control, respectively. Despite varying in in vitro responses to fluazaindolizine, reproduction of all Meloidogyne spp. was suppressed after only 24 h of exposure. This study expanded our understanding of how G. ellingtonae, P. thornei, P. penetrans, and X. americanum respond to fluazaindolizine.

scholarly journals Activity of Saponins from Medicago Species against Phytoparasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trifone D’Addabbo ◽  
Maria Pia Argentieri ◽  
Jerzy Żuchowski ◽  
Elisa Biazzi ◽  
Aldo Tava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Content of bioactive saponins of Medicago species suggests that they may also exert, as previously demonstrated on M. sativa, nematicidal properties exploitable for the formulation of new products for sustainable phytoparasitic nematode management. This study was addressed to highlight the bioactivity of saponins from five different Medicago species still poorly known for their biological efficacy, i.e., M. heyniana, M. hybrida, M. lupulina, M. murex and M. truncatula, against the plant parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, Xiphinema index and Globodera rostochiensis. The bioactivity of the extracts from the five Medicago species was assessed by in vitro assays on the juveniles (J2) and eggs of M. incognita and G. rostochiensis and the adult females of X. index. The suppressiveness to M. incognita of soil treatments with the Medicago plant biomasses was also investigated in a tomato experiment. The nematicidal activity of the five Medicago species was reported and discussed in relation to their phytochemical profile.

In vitro characterization of an injectable in situ forming composite system for bone reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dorati ◽  
C. Colonna ◽  
I. Genta ◽  
A. De Trizio ◽  
T. Modena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
In Situ Forming ◽  
In Vitro Characterization

The use of Pluronic F-127 to study the development of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayano Sasaki-Crawley ◽  
Rosane Curtis ◽  
Michael Birkett ◽  
Apostolos Papadopoulos ◽  
Rod Blackshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This paper demonstrates a simple novel in vitro method using Pluronic F-127 aqueous solution to study the development of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in Solanum spp. without any need for sterilisation of either the plants or the nematodes. In this study, this method was successfully applied to comparative studies on the development of G. pallida in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or S. sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade). The protocol described here could be useful for screening transgenic plants or different plant cultivars/species for their ability to allow development not only of G. pallida but also any other plant-parasitic nematodes.

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