Accumulation of heavy metals by intestinal helminths in fish: an overview and perspective

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. S53-S60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SURES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Host Tissues

Intestinal helminths of fish are of increasing interest as potential bioindicators for heavy metal contamination in aquatic habitats. Among these parasites cestodes and acanthocephalans in particular have an enormous heavy metal accumulation capacity exceeding that of established free living sentinels. Metal concentrations several thousand times higher in acanthocephalans than in host tissues were described from field and laboratory studies. Whereas larval stages inside their intermediate hosts are not able to take up high quantities of metals, young worms begin to take up metals immediately after infection of the final host. After four to five weeks of exposure, the parasites reach a steady-state concentration orders of magnitude higher than the ambient water level. Thus, acanthocephalans are not only very effective in taking up metals, but they can also respond very rapidly to changes in environmental exposure. The mechanism which enable acanthocephalans to take up metals from the intestinal lumen of the host appears to be based on the presence of bile acids, which form organo-metallic complexes that are easily absorbed by the worms due to their lipophilicity. Investigations of the environmental conditions affecting metal uptake have shown that the parasites are more consistent and reliable indicators for metal pollution than the host tissues as metal levels of the latter are much more dependent on the water chemistry. Thus, after some years of research on the uptake of metals by acanthocephalans and on the factors affecting metal accumulation in intestinal parasites it should be asked if acanthocephalans meet the criteria commonly accepted for sentinels. If parasites can be considered as promising sentinels, we need reasons for the establishment of ‘new’ indicators. Therefore, this review summarises the present knowledge about parasites as bioindicators and compares the accumulation properties of parasites and established free living indicators. Finally, this review presents possible answers to the question why it could be advantageous to have new and even more sensitive indicators for environmental monitoring purposes.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Pollution and Degradation: A Case Study from Egypt

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Manal A. Alnaimy ◽  
Sahar A. Shahin ◽  
Zuzana Vranayova ◽  
Martina Zelenakova ◽  
Enas Mohamed Wagdi Abdel-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
The Impact

There is consensus on the impact of wastewater irrigation on soil properties and heavy metal accumulation. The studies that show the impact of temporal changes as a result of different long-term additions of wastewater on the heavy metal accumulation and degradation of soil are extremely limited. This study was carried out to assess heavy metal contamination in soils irrigated with wastewater for more than 30 years in Egypt. A total number of 12 irrigation water samples and 12 soil profiles were collected during 2020 and were chemically characterized. The results showed that soils irrigated with wastewater over the long term contained significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals compared to fields irrigated with fresh water. Heavy metal levels in water and soil samples were within the permissible limits, with the exception of Cd concentration in water (0.03 mg L−1). Continuous cultivation for a long period of time (30 years) using raw urban wastewater application has led to the adverse effect of increasingly available Pb concentration (5.44 mg kg−1). Similar temporal behavior was seen for Cd and Fe, which increased by 0.98 and 11.2 mg kg−1, respectively, after 30 years. The heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils significantly increased in clayey soils, as compared to sandy soils irrigated from the same source. Our findings provide important information for decision makers in Egypt and similar countries for the development of a strategy for the use of wastewater in irrigation for sustainable agricultural management.

A Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Tissues of the Crested Tern, Sterna bergii, Breeding Near Industrialized and Non-Industrialized Areas

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Howarth ◽  
AJ Hulbert ◽  
D Horning
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The Individual

Tissues taken from crested terns were analysed for cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, manganese, zinc and iron. The birds were taken from a breeding colony in a non-industrialized region (North Solitary I., NNE. of Coffs Harbour, N.S.W.) and from one near an industrialized region (Big I., Port Kembla, N.S.W.). The birds from the industrialized region did not show any consistent evidence of significant heavy metal contamination when compared to those of the non-industrialized region. The individual tissues were also compared to assess the distribution of the various metals, and the relative degree to which each tissue accumulates the metals. Some accumulation of chromium, copper, manganese, lead and, to a lesser degree, cadmium and zinc was found in the salt glands. The kidneys had a relatively large cadmium content.

Removal of Particles and Dissolved Metals in Motorway Runoff by Filtration and Adsorption Using the Expanded Polypropylene Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Won Kang ◽  
Seog Ku Kim ◽  
Sang Leen Yun ◽  
Hye Cheol Oh ◽  
Jae Hwan Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Filtration Device

This research was conducted to investigate the application of the novel upflow-type filtration device using hydrophobia media made of expanded polypropylene (EPP) from driveways site. The higher level of motorway-derived heavy metal contamination exists in stormwater runoff from a road section and the heavy metal levels were higher than the regulated Korean environmental guideline in lake and river. For Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, the influent event mean concentrations (EMCs) during 8 storm periods were 2.75, 37.3, 90.5, 118.5 and 546.5 µg/L, respectively. The novel upflow-type filtration device with main mechanism of filtration and adsorption showed removal (>91%, >93%, >85%, >91% and >80%) of the studied heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) and differences of medians of removal efficiencies among heavy metals were not statistically signficant by Kruskal-Wallis test (p>0.05) during 8 storm events. It is found that EPP media is very effective at the removal of the heavy metals, and the magnitude of heavy metal removal in a decreasing order is Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn.

The importance of exogenous contamination on heavy metal levels in bird feathers. A field experiment with free-living great tits, Parus major

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspers Veerle ◽  
Dauwe Tom ◽  
Pinxten Rianne ◽  
Bervoets Lieven ◽  
Blust Ronny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Metal Levels

The parasitic nematodes Hysterothylacium sp. type MB larvae as bioindicators of lead and cadmium: a comparative study of parasite and host tissues

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
pp. 1400-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KHALEGHZADEH-AHANGAR ◽  
M. MALEK ◽  
K. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Host Tissues

SUMMARYCadmium and lead concentrations were compared in tissues of cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus L., its intestinal nematode Hysterothylacium sp. type MB larvae, and in water from the same location in the Sea of Oman. Metal accumulation in hosts, parasites and sea water was measured by ICP-OES. Hysterothylacium larvae from the intestinal lumen and visceral cavity showed much higher metal concentrations than in host tissues or sea water. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in metal accumulation between infected and uninfected hosts. Cadmium concentration in the host muscle was lower than in intestine, liver and gonad tissues. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in nematodes were 289·03 and 81·5 times higher than in host intestine, 188·4 and 225 times higher than in host muscle, 108·6 and 65·3 times higher than in host gonads, 70·5 and 19·5 times higher than in host liver and 3351 and 148 times higher than in sea water. The results show the value of this and possibly related nematodes as bioindicators of heavy metals and their potential use in environmental studies.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in Mining Soil from Ijero-Ekiti, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
S.O. Agbo ◽  
M.A. Mustapha ◽  
C.E. Ogaugwu ◽  
O.G. Sodipe ◽  
E.C. Chukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Metal Levels

Excavation and processing of mineral deposits are valuable revenue sources yet they contribute serious environmental problems worldwide. Mining activities are widespread and contribute to heavy metal contamination in rural communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Available research failed to establish how mining soil may impact on resident terrestrial organisms. This study assessed the health of soil from active mining site by testing it on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) for 10 weeks. Survival, mobility, morphology and behaviour of worms were assessed while soil was analyzed for selected heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry. Worm survival was evident as the proportion of reference soil increased in exposure mixture and improved until 92% in the control. Worms curled up at the bottom of test vessels with varying proportions of mining site soil and appeared discolored and dehydrated when taken out of test soil, with characteristic sluggishness, particularly as the proportion of mining soil increased in exposure mixtures. Though metal levels were within permissible limits, morphology of exposed worms were visibly impacted, which corresponds in severity with increasing proportion of mining soil. On the contrary, worms tested in 100% reference soil appeared healthy and active in upper part of exposure vessels. These results suggest that the tested mining soil had adverse impacts on mobility, morphology, behavior and survival of exposed organisms when compared with the control population. Therefore, food products grown downstream of the mining site may be at risk of heavy metal contamination with consequences on food quality, water quality and food chain.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Levels in Milk and Cheese Produced in the Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Rami Al Al Sidawi ◽  
Giorgi Ghambashidze ◽  
Teo Urushadze ◽  
Angelika Ploeger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The Eu

Milk and dairy products are among the most important food sectors in Georgia, and milk is considered one of the most essential foods in the human diet according to Georgian food culture. Kvemo Kartli is one of the major regions in Georgia for milk production. This region suffers from heavy metal contamination in soil and water because of the mining industry. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, selenium and molybdenum in milk and cheese and to evaluate whether the concentrations of these elements correspond to the permissible levels of toxic elements in milk and cheese for Georgia and the EU. In total, 195 milk samples and 25 cheese samples (16 from Imeruli cheese and nine from Sulguni cheese) were collected from nine different villages in the Kvemo Kartli region in Georgia: Chapala, Vanati, Bolnisi, Mtskneti, Sabereti, Ratevani, Khidiskuri, Kazreti, Kvemo Bolnisi. The determination of heavy metal in all samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The research results show that the concentration of these elements in most milk samples is fairly constant for all villages and is less than the permissible levels, except for seven samples from the following villages: Kvemo Bolnisi, Bolnisi, Mitskineti and Ratawani, where the concentration of lead in the milk samples was higher than the permissible limits mentioned in the literature, ranging from 0.027 to 1003 mg L−1. As for copper, its concentration in milk in Sabereti and Vanati villages was above the permissible limits according to the EU limit, ranging from 0.42 to 1.28 mg L−1. For cheese samples, the concentration of cadmium, lead, copper, Co and Ni in the two types of cheese was less than the permissible limit according to the laws of Georgia. Finally, the heavy metal concentrations in Imeruli and Sulguni cheese for manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo) zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were above the permissible limit. Thus, the study results showed that the consumption of milk does not pose a direct and serious threat to the health of consumers. As for the two types of cheese, future studies and continuous monitoring are necessary to assess the cheese content of trace elements and the risk of its consumption to the consumer.

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metals in Soil: A Critical Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyao Jin ◽  
Yaning Luan ◽  
Yangcui Ning ◽  
Lingyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Microbial Remediation

The use of microbes to change the concentration of heavy metals in soil and improve the ability of plants to deal with elevated metals concentrations has significant economic and ecological benefits. This paper reviews the origins and toxic effects of heavy metal pollution in soil, and describes the heavy metal accumulation mechanisms of microbes, and compares their different bioconcentration abilities. Biosorption, which depends on the special structure of the cell wall, is found to be the primary mechanism. Furthermore, Escherichia coli are found to adsorb more heavy metals than other species. Factors influencing microbial treatment of wastewater and soil containing heavy metals include temperature, pH, and different substrates. Finally, problems in the application of microbial treatment of heavy metal contamination are considered, and possible directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Paratanaisia spp. Freitas, 1951 in a domiciled cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus, Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariele De Santi ◽  
Caroline do Couto ◽  
Karin Werther
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Heavy Metal Poisoning ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
First Time

Abstract Digenetic eucotylids of the Paratanaisia genus are widely reported parasites of the avian renal system. The infection, commonly reported in free-living and zoo-housed birds, is described for the first time in a domiciled bird, a cockatiel kept as pet bird with free access to the yard outdoors. The bird was received at Veterinary Hospital, where clinical and radiographic evaluations suggested a case of heavy-metal poisoning. Although the bird received supportive care and a chelating agent, it died the next day. The necropsy showed friable kidneys and congestion of blood vessels in structures such as the skin, proventriculus, brain, and skullcap. The histopathological evaluation of the kidneys revealed multifocal hemorrhages, commonly found in cases of heavy-metal poisoning. Parasitic structures similar to those of the digenean trematodes Paratanaisia spp. were also observed inside dilated collecting ducts, which presented epithelial cell flattening and vacuolization. There was compression of adjacent tissue and discrete fibrotic areas. In the presence of intermediate hosts in the yard, the synanthropic nature of some wild free-living birds could make them a source of trematodes infection and dissemination for pet birds. Conversely, the infected cockatiel could also have served as a reservoir and carrier of trematodes to wild free-living birds.

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