Detection of coproantibodies and faecal immune complexes in human trichinellosis

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. NUÑEZ ◽  
S. N. COSTANTINO ◽  
S. M. VENTURIELLO
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Muscle Larva ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Human Trichinellosis

SUMMARYTrichinella spiralisis the nematode causative agent of trichinellosis, an intestinal and tissular parasitosis. Even though an early diagnosis during the intestinal phase is essential to limit the infection in humans, to date, there are no available tests to achieve this goal. Based on the immune response generated by the host's intestinal mucosa, the aim of this work was to develop ELISAs to assess the presence of coproantigens (CAgs), coproantibodies (CAbs) and faecal immune complexes in stool samples of 18 individuals belonging to different outbreaks that have arisen in Argentina. By the methodologies developed in this work it was found that anti-muscle larva excretory-secretory products (ML-ESP) CAbs were detected in 89% of the samples analysed regardless of the time p.i. Anti-ML-ESP IgA, IgG, IgE and IgM were detected in 56%, 56%, 28% and 22% of the individuals respectively. Those samples negative for anti-ML-ESP total immunoglobulins proved positive for anti-adult worm-ESP CAbs. No CAgs were detected in any of the samples. The results obtained in this work indicate that the intestinal immune response in human trichinellosis is featured by all the isotypes of specific immunoglobulins. Furthermore, the detection of antibodies in stool samples, in either the free or complexed form, could be applied to confirm early human trichinellosis.

Immunoparasitological parameters of the intestinal phase of trichinellosis in rats

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. NUÑEZ ◽  
S. N. COSTANTINO ◽  
S. M. VENTURIELLO
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Conventional Elisa ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Early Phases

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed in order to detect coproantigens (CAgs), coproantibodies (CAbs) and faecal immune complexes (FIC) in rats experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. The usefulness of these assays was compared to that of a conventional ELISA for detection of serum antibodies (Abs) to muscle larvae excretory–secretory products (ML–ESP). The ELISA for CAgs was the first parameter to give a positive result but the detection was limited only to day 2 p.i. CAbs against ML–ESP and adult worm excretory–secretory products (AW–ESP) was first positive on day 4 p.i. Anti-ML–ESP remained positive until day 12 p.i. while CAbs against AW–ESP remained positive throughout the study period. Specific IgE and IgA were found. FIC were detected between days 2 and 8 p.i. Serum Abs began to appear on day 10 p.i. Therefore, the ELISA for CAbs was a suitable assay for the detection of the enteral and early phases of the infection.

Serum IgE and IgG4 against muscle larva excretory-secretory products during the early and late phases of human trichinellosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 2933-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela A. Calcagno ◽  
María A. Forastiero ◽  
María P. Saracino ◽  
Cecilia C. Vila ◽  
Stella M. Venturiello
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Larva ◽  
Serum Ige ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Human Trichinellosis

scholarly journals Trichinella spiralis: impact on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-496
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera ◽  
Elżbieta Wandurska-Nowak ◽  
Monika Derda ◽  
Wiesława Jankowska ◽  
Paweł P. Jagodziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Tlr4 Gene ◽  
Rapid Activation

AbstractIntroduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the rapid activation of the innate immune response to a variety of pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the level of expression of the tlr4 gene in mouse intestines during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis.Material and Methods: The experimental material consisted of the small and large intestines of BALB/c mice infected with Trichinella spiralis sampled at 4, 8, and 16 days post infection (dpi).Results: A statistically significant increase was demonstrated in the tlr4 mRNA level isolated from the infected mice jejunum at 4, 8, and 16 dpi over the uninfected control. Moreover, at 4, 8, and 16 dpi in the jejunum of infected mice, a strong positive reaction for the presence of TLR4 protein compared with that of uninfected mice was observed.Conclusion: Infection with T. spiralis changes the expression of the tlr4 gene in the small intestine of the mouse host.

scholarly journals Changes in the expression of TLR2 during the intestinal phase of trichinellosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtkowiak-Giera ◽  
Monika Derda ◽  
Elżbieta Wandurska-Nowak ◽  
Paweł P. Jagodziński ◽  
Agnieszka Kolasa-Wołosiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Fast Activation

AbstractIntroductionToll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in fast activation of the immune response to a variety of pathogens, including parasites. In this study, we focused on TLR2, because this receptor is one of the best known and most frequently analysed members of the TLR family. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Trichinella spiralis on expression of TLR2 during the intestinal stage of infection.Material and MethodsThe experimental material consisted of isolates prepared from the intestines (jejunum and colon) of BALB/c mice infected with T. spiralis taken at 4, 8, and 16 days post infection.ResultsOur results based on quantitative real-time PCR showed that the mRNA level for TLR2 was statistically significantly higher in the jejuna of mice infected with T. spiralis than in this tissue of uninfected mice. In addition, the presence of TLR2 protein in the intestinal phase of trichinellosis was confirmed by a strong positive immunohistochemical reaction.ConclusionOur results indicate that infection with T. spiralis changes the expression of TLR2 in the small intestine of the mouse host and suggest a contribution of these receptors to the host defence mechanisms during experimental trichinellosis.

PARTICULARITIES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PERSONS PROFESSIONNALLY EXPOSED TO BERYLLIUM

2016 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
K. I. Stosman ◽  
L. V. Lukovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Circulating Immune Complexes ◽  
Professional Contact ◽  
Beryllium Compounds

An examination was performed of 50 employees at an enterprise where they were in professional contact with beryllium. In most workers, it was detected an increase of interleukine-8, interferon- , growing level of immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes. It was shown that the contact with beryllium compounds leads to the interferon- level growth only in women. In men, alterations are identified in the direction of increased concentrations of common immunoglobulin E and circulating immune complexes.

scholarly journals Murine hepatoma treatment with mature dendritic cells stimulated by Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Jing Ding ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tumor Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secretory Products

Excretory/Secretory Products (ESPs) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis contain antitumor-active substances that inhibit tumor growth. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the antitumor immunity of the organism. As pathogen-derived products, it ought to be discussed whether T. spiralis ESPs will reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs from the host before it is applied to patients’ tumors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the immunological effect of DCs stimulated by T. spiralis ESPs in H22 tumor-bearing mice. H22 tumor model mice in this study were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment: PBS control group, ESP group, DCs group, and DCs stimulated with T. spiralis ESP (ESP+DCs group). The antitumor effect was evaluated by tumor inhibition rate and cytokine detection using ELISA. The results showed significant inhibition in tumor growth in the ESP+DCs, DCs and ESP groups when compared with the PBS control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed on tumor inhibition rates between the ESP+DCs and DCs groups. The decrease in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and the increase in IFN-γ between the DCs and ESP+DCs groups were also not significant. Therefore, DCs stimulated by ESP did not reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs, which demonstrated that the T. spiralis ESP would not affect the antitumor effect of mature DCs by modulating the immune response of the host, and that ESPs are safe in antitumor immunology when applied in a tumor model mice.

Immune responses of Texel sheep to excretory/secretory products of adult Haemonchus contortus

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. F. H. Schallig ◽  
M. A. W. van Leeuwen ◽  
W. M. L. Hendrikx
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immunoblotting Analysis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Secretory Products

SUMMARYThe excretory/secretory (E/S) products of adult Haemonchus contortus comprise of at least 15 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 10 to > 100 kDa. These E/S products induce an immune response in infected Texel sheep, as demonstrated by specific IgGI levels and a significant lymphocyte proliferation index. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis revealed that sera of primary H. contortus-infected sheep specifically recognize a 24 kDa E/S product. In addition, sera of challenged sheep react strongly with a 15 kDa E/S product. The other E/S products of H. contortus showed immunoreactivity with serum samples of Haemonchus-infected sheep as well as with samples of sheep harbouring other trichostrongylid infections. These cross-reacting epitopes are the main cause of the lack of specificity of an E/S material- based ELISA. This ELISA can differentiate Haemonchus infections from Nematodirus battus infections, but not from Ostertagia circumcincta or Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections.

THE LIFE CYCLE OF TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS: I. THE INTESTINAL PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Shanta ◽  
E. Meerovitch
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Experimental Infections

In experimental infections in mice, Trichinella spiralis larvae in the intestines molted twice before reaching sexual maturity. In both sexes, the first molt occurred between 12 and 16 hours post infection; in males, the second molt occurred between 24 and 32 hours, and in females, between 22 and 30 hours. The females were inseminated after the 36th hour post infection, but some males had spermatozoa in the seminal vesicles before the completion of the second molt. Structures, believed to be amphids, were observed after 2 hours post infection; they increased in size up to the 6th hour, after which they regressed and finally disappeared. The function of these amphids is believed to be related to osmoregulation.

scholarly journals IL-12 gene transfer alters gut physiology and host immunity in nematode-infected mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. G102-G110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waliul I. Khan ◽  
Patricia A. Blennerhassett ◽  
Yikang Deng ◽  
Jack Gauldie ◽  
Bruce A. Vallance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Goblet Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Worm Expulsion ◽  
Ifn Γ

Immune responses elicited by nematode parasite infections are characterized by T helper 2 (Th2) cell induction. The immunologic basis for changes in intestinal physiology accompanying nematode infection is poorly understood. This study examined whether worm expulsion and associated goblet cell hyperplasia and muscle contractility share a similar immune basis by shifting the response from Th2 to Th1 using interleukin-12 (IL-12) overexpression. We used a single administration of recombinant adenovirus vector expressing IL-12 (Ad5IL-12) in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice. Ad5IL-12 administered 1 day after infection prolonged worm survival and inhibited infection-induced muscle hypercontractility and goblet cell hyperplasia. This was correlated with upregulated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression and downregulated IL-13 expression in the muscularis externa layer. We also observed increased IFN-γ production and decreased IL-4 and IL-13 production from in vitro stimulated spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells of infected Ad5IL-12-treated mice. These results indicate that transfer and overexpression of the IL-12 gene during Th2-based nematode infection shifts the immune response toward Th1 and delays worm expulsion. Moreover, the immune response shift abrogated the physiological responses to infection, attenuating both muscle hypercontractility and goblet cell hyperplasia. These findings strongly indicate that worm expulsion, muscle hypercontractility, and goblet cell hyperplasia share a common immunologic basis and may be causally linked.

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