scholarly journals Murine hepatoma treatment with mature dendritic cells stimulated by Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Jing Ding ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tumor Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secretory Products

Excretory/Secretory Products (ESPs) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis contain antitumor-active substances that inhibit tumor growth. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the antitumor immunity of the organism. As pathogen-derived products, it ought to be discussed whether T. spiralis ESPs will reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs from the host before it is applied to patients’ tumors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the immunological effect of DCs stimulated by T. spiralis ESPs in H22 tumor-bearing mice. H22 tumor model mice in this study were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment: PBS control group, ESP group, DCs group, and DCs stimulated with T. spiralis ESP (ESP+DCs group). The antitumor effect was evaluated by tumor inhibition rate and cytokine detection using ELISA. The results showed significant inhibition in tumor growth in the ESP+DCs, DCs and ESP groups when compared with the PBS control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed on tumor inhibition rates between the ESP+DCs and DCs groups. The decrease in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and the increase in IFN-γ between the DCs and ESP+DCs groups were also not significant. Therefore, DCs stimulated by ESP did not reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs, which demonstrated that the T. spiralis ESP would not affect the antitumor effect of mature DCs by modulating the immune response of the host, and that ESPs are safe in antitumor immunology when applied in a tumor model mice.

Abstract 13287: Dendritic Cells Play a Critical Role in the Initiation of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyao Jin ◽  
Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Control Group

Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) that are known as professional antigen-presenting cells have been found to pre-locate in non-inflammatory arterial wall and increasingly accumulate during atherosclerosis progression. Previous findings suggested that residential DCs in the intima are responsible for capturing modified lipids and forming foam cells during the initiation of atherosclerosis. Hypothesis: DC accumulation and enhanced DC-T cell interaction play a critical role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Methods: We measured plaque formation, vascular DC accumulation and antigen-specific T cell proliferation mediated by isolated aortic cells in ApoE-/- mice, as well as DTR-CD11c/ApoE-/- or DTR-CD11b/ApoE-/- mice for conditional depletion of DCs or macrophages, respectively. A brief high-fat diet for 10 days was used as a model of initial atherosclerosis. Results: In addition to increased intimal DC accumulation and plaque formation in aortic roots, 10 days of HFD induced T cell infiltration in ApoE-/- mice, compared to those without HFD as the control. Isolated aortic cells from mice with 10-day HFD showed stronger capability in inducing antigen-specific T cell proliferation, compare to the control (HFD: 3.14±0.71%; no HFD: 1.56±0.36%; p=0.022). Single diphtheria toxin (DT) injection at day 1 yielded approximately 50% decrease in intimal DC accumulation, as well as 60% attenuation in plaque formation in DTR-CD11c/ApoE-/- mice after 10-day HFD. Capability of stimulating antigen-specific T cell proliferation was also impaired in aortic cells from DC-depleted mice (DT-treated: 1.62±0.30%; PBS-treated: 3.04±0.59%; p= 0.004), along with reduction in indirect conduction of T cell activation. In contrast, no significant changes were found in plaque formation and DC accumulation in DT-injected DTR-CD11b/ApoE-/- mice after 10 days of HFD, compared to control group. Furthermore, depletion of CD11b+ macrophages in either aortas or spleens didn’t alter capability of inducing antigen-specific T cell proliferation in DT-injected mice. Conclusions: These results suggested that vascular DCs rather than macrophages play a more important role in T cell activation and initiation of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The effect of human amniotic epithelial cell on dendritic cell differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes: An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare Keshavarzi ◽  
Meraj Tabatabaei ◽  
Amir Hasan Zarnani ◽  
Fahime Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Mahmood Bozorgmehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Dendritic Cell Differentiation ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The amniotic membrane plays an important role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy. The main population cells from amniotic membrane include human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) which have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties. Objective: The proximity of hAECs with monocyte leads to the generation of tollerogenic dendritic cells. Materials and Methods: hAECs were obtained from normal pregnancy. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated by anti-CD14 MACS method. Co-cultures of monocytes and hAECs were established in Transwell chambers supplemented with granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the absence and presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce immature and mature DCs, respectively. Immunophenotyping of the obtained DCs was done through flow cytometry and the production of cytokines was measured by ELISA. Mixed leukocyte Reaction (MLR) was also performed for the functional assessment of DCs. Results: Immunophenotyping of [hAECs - Immature DC (iDC)] and [hAECs - iDC] + LPS cells revealed that the expression of CD1a, CD80, CD86, CD40, HLA-DR, and CD83 markers showed no significant difference as compared with the control group (iDCs and mDCs alone). In the [hAECs-iDCs] + LPS cells, the percentage of CD14 cells at the ratio of 1:2.5 showed significant differences compared to the control group. The production of IL-10 and IL-12 showed no significant difference in any of the cultures as compared to the control groups. Also, co-cultured DCs did not inhibit proliferation of lymphocyte. Conclusion: Our findings show that factors secreted from cultured hAECs are unable to generate of tollerogenic dendritic cells. To achieve a better understanding of other mechanisms more investigations are needed. Key words: Amniotic membrane, Dendritic cells, Human placenta, Immunomodulation, Monocyte.

scholarly journals Histo-morphology of genitalia in crossbred dairy cows with kinked cervix

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Annie ◽  
K. M. Lucy ◽  
N. Ashok ◽  
S. Maya ◽  
Hiron M. Harshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Control ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Kerala State

The study was conducted on genitalia collected from 100 dairy cows/heifers from the Meat Technology Unit, Mannuthy. The animals brought for slaughter at Meat Technology Unit, Mannuthy were from herds of five different farms (University and Government Undertaking farms) in Kerala state. This included six animals culled on account of factors other than infertility with normal reproductive system (control group) and the remaining animals with a known history of infertility. In total, seven animals showed kinked cervix condition. Cervix was evaluated morphometrically and histologically. Grossly, the cervix was hard, kinked and S-shaped, with a mean length of 9.64 ± 1.19 cm. Average number of annular rings in the cervical canal was 4.14 ± 0.26 with an average diameter of 1.74 ± 0.18 cm. At the external os, diameter of the cervix was less, while at the uterine end, diameter was more. The opening of each cervical ring showed a misalignment instead of a straight line. Histologically, the cervix was lined by simple columnar epithelium with signs of degeneration and desquamation. However, the submucosal layer was extensively infiltrated by collagen fibres. In uterus, there was a significant difference in the number of endometrial glands and height of the glandular epithelial cells which was less when compared to the control group. Muscular layer outer to connective tissue layer was thin and uneven. Alterations of the glandular structures negatively influence the viability of spermatozoa due to the lack of secretory products. This fibrous, collagen rich kinked cervix limits the smooth deposition of the semen into the uterus during artificial insemination and the insufficiently dilated cervix affects its contractibility leading to dystocia and subfertility.

scholarly journals Immunodetection of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in mammary carcinomas of female dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 906-912
Author(s):  
Mayara C. Rosolem ◽  
Rosemeri O. Vasconcelos ◽  
Eduardo Garrido ◽  
Thaís L.L. Castanheira ◽  
Pamela R.R. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Mammary Carcinomas ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Tumor Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dcs

ABSTRACT: Dendritic cells have attracted great interest from researchers as they may be used as targets of tumor immune evasion mechanisms. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the dendritic cells (DCs) subpopulation in simple type mammary carcinomas in female dogs. Two groups of samples were used: the control group consisted of 18 samples of mammary tissue without changes and the tumor group with 26 simple type mammary carcinomas. In these groups, we evaluated the immunodetection of immature and mature myeloid DCs, plasmacytoid DCs and MHC-II. In mammary tumor, mature myeloid DCs predominated in the peritumoral region, while immature myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs were evident in the intratumoral region. Immunostaining of MHC-II was visualized in mammary acini (control group), in tumor cells and inflammatory infiltration associated with tumors. The comparison between the control and tumor groups showed a statistically significant difference between immature myeloid DCs, mature myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs. The immunodetection of MHC-II was not significant when comparing the groups. The predominance of immature DCs in the tumor group is possibly related to an inefficient immune response, promoting the development and survival of tumor cells. The presence of plasmacytoid DCs in the same group suggests a worse prognosis for female dogs with mammary tumors. Therefore, the ability of differentiation of canine dendritic cells could be influenced by neoplastic cells and by the tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals Antitumor activity of tanshinone and its nanoparticles on U14 cervical carcinoma-bearing mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 184954351667344
Author(s):  
Ya Di ◽  
Qingjie Meng ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Liyan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Tumor Inhibition ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Model Control Group

In this study, tanshinone was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza. To improve the utilization and the dissolution of the drug, the tanshinone extractions were prepared at a pharmaceutical nanoscale and in the nanometer range of 100–200 nm. Then, the rate of tumor inhibition and the activity of antioxidant system and the thymus/spleen indices were investigated to find the antitumor effect of nanoparticles of tanshinone in cervical carcinoma-bearing mice. Our data suggest that tanshinone inhibits cervical tumor growth and the rates of tumor inhibition of all drug groups were more than 45%. The highest rate was 70.88% in the high dose of nanoscale tanshinone group. The activities of superoxide dismutase were higher in drug groups than in the model control group, and the concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly lower. These findings suggested that tanshinone enhance the superoxide dismutase activity of the mice and decrease the malondialdehyde content. It may be one of the mechanisms of antitumor effect of tanshinone. The thymus index and spleen index were higher than normal control or model control. These data suggested that tanshinone also enhanced the immune system of mice.

scholarly journals The Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Core Muscles Strength and Single Leg Balancing Ability in Youth Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miklós Kovács ◽  
József Márton Pucsok
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Proprioceptive Training ◽  
Set Up

  Core stability and the ability to balance have both a critical role in today’s modern soccer. Majority of injuries originated from the weakness and inefficient strength of core musculature and the kinetic chain. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of a three month proprioceptive training programme on core stability and the ability to balance. We hypothesized that both of the skills might improve by the end of the 12-week exercise program. We set up a group involving 15 players, who regularly participated in a weekly 40 minutes special proprioceptive training routine. The control group hasn’t attended any additional strengthening workout session. The youngsters executed a fitball balancing task, in a seated position, and the so-called Stork-test.  Before the 3-month exercise program, we implemented a pre-, at the end of the program a post-test. According to our results, we may conclude that we had measured a significant difference only in the Fitball-test when players executed the single leg balancing test (Stork-test), we haven’t observed any significant difference.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer animal models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qitian Chen ◽  
Ran Chen ◽  
Youhong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Radiotherapy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background: Inhibitory effect of endostar combined with radiotherapy on gastric cancer (GC) animal models and its effect on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and inter- leukin-10 (IL-10) were evaluated. Methods: Forty mice of a GC model xenograft tumors were prepared and randomly divided into blank control group, endostar group, radiotherapy group and endostar combined with radiotherapy group (combination group). From the 14th day, a vernier caliper was used for measuring the long and short diameters of the xenograft tumors. The formula V = ab2/2 was used for calculating the tumor volume and to obtain its average value. Tumor growth curves were plotted to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. The growth of xenograft tumors and the behavioral changes of mice were observed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting the expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1. Results: The tumor growth in the combination group was significantly inhibited and the tumor volume was the smallest compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Compared to the blank control group, the tumor inhibition rate was 11.8% in endostar group, 33.0% in radiotherapy group and 52.1% in combination group (p<0.01). Endostar combined with radiotherapy had an interaction in decreasing the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL‑10 (F=4.35 and 5.12, p<0.05). Leucocyte count was significantly higher in control and combination groups than that in endostar and radiotherapy groups. The body weight of mice in endostar and radiotherapy groups decreased after treatment (p<0.05). The body weight of mice after treatment in control and combination groups increased, with a statistically significant difference compared to that before treatment (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference among all groups after treatment (F=198.1, p<0.01). Conclusions: Endostar combined with radiotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and downregulate the expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 through synergistic action.

scholarly journals Evaluation of EOS Gene Expression and IL-6 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Shawq Al-Naqqash ◽  
Mohammed Mahdi Jawad ◽  
Zainab Thamer Showait Al-Asady ◽  
Sarmed Adnan Abdulrazaq
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soluble Mediator

Background: EOS (encoded by the IKZF4 gene) is a member of the zinc finger transcription factor IKaros family, and plays a critical role in Treg suppressor functions, and maintaining Treg stability. IL-6 is a soluble mediator with a pleiotropic effect on inflammation, immune response, and hematopoiesis. Aim: To estimate serum IL-6 level and EOS gene expression in Iraqi patients with psoriasis. Method: Twenty-two patients with psoriasis (8 females, 14 males) with age ranged 18-72 years, were recruited from Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Baghdad, and 24 healthy donors. The serum levels of IL-6 by ELISA and the gene expression of IKZF4 (EOS gene) by RT-qPCR technique. Results: The results showed a non-significant difference in the level of IL-6 in those treated with topical therapy and others treated with Etanercept compared to control. A non-significant increase in patients treated with topical therapy was reported compared to patients treated with Etanercept. There was a higher significant percentage of IKZF4 gene expression folding in psoriasis patients treated with Etanercept compared to control group, while no significant differences reported between patients treated with topical therapy, Etanercept, and the control group. Conclusion: Activation of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) with Etanercept enhances EOS expression and decreases IL-6 production more than topical treatment in patients with psoriasis.

scholarly journals Host autophagy mediates organ wasting and nutrient mobilization for tumor growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojyar Khezri ◽  
Petter Holland ◽  
Todd Andrew Schoborg ◽  
Ifat Abramovich ◽  
Szabolcs Takats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Nutrient Mobilization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Support Tumor Growth ◽  
Host Tissues

During tumor growth - when nutrient and anabolic demands are high – autophagy supports tumor metabolism and growth through lysosomal organelle turnover and nutrient recycling1. Ras-driven tumors additionally invoke non-autonomous autophagy in the microenvironment to support tumor growth, in part through transfer of amino acids2–4. Here we uncover a third critical role of autophagy in mediating systemic organ wasting and nutrient mobilization for tumor growth using a well-characterized malignant tumor model in Drosophila melanogaster. Micro-computed X-ray tomography and metabolic profiling reveal that RasV12; scrib-/- tumors grow 10-fold in volume, while systemic organ wasting unfolds with progressive muscle atrophy, loss of body mass, −motility, −feeding and eventually death. Tissue wasting is found to be mediated by autophagy and results in host mobilization of amino acids and sugars into circulation. Natural abundance Carbon 13 tracing demonstrates that tumor biomass is increasingly derived from host tissues as a nutrient source as wasting progresses. We conclude that host autophagy mediates organ wasting and nutrient mobilization that is utilized for tumor growth.

scholarly journals Selected E2F2 Polymorphisms in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karolina Gołąbek ◽  
Krzysztof Biernacki ◽  
Jadwiga Gaździcka ◽  
Joanna K. Strzelczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Significant Difference

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are subgroups of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. E2F Transcription Factor 2 (E2F2) could contribute to cancer development, because it plays a critical role in many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, DNA damage response, and cell death. In the current study, we assessed the associations of five E2F2 polymorphisms (rs6667575, rs3218121, rs3218211, rs3218148, and rs3218203) with OSCC and OPSCC and influence on the TNM staging and grading. This is the first such survey to concern the European population. The study included 94 primary tumour samples following surgical resection from patients, whereas the control group consisted of 99 healthy individuals. We tried a matching of cases and controls for age and sample size. DNA samples were genotyped by employing the 5 ′ nuclease assay for allelic discrimination. Our results suggested that the most significant difference between the control group and the cancer group was the A/G heterozygote for rs3218121. Samples containing this genotype were mostly found in the control group. In our samples, rs6667575, rs3218121, rs3218211, and rs3218148 polymorphisms may affect the course of OSCC and OPSCC, while rs3218203 was not associated with OSCC and OPSCC. However, further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

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