scholarly journals Cytological and molecular description of Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis gen. et sp. nov., a microsporidian parasite of Daphnia magna, and establishment of Hamiltosporidium magnivora comb. nov.

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN LUISA HAAG ◽  
J. I. RONNY LARSSON ◽  
DOMINIK REFARDT ◽  
DIETER EBERT
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Polar Filament ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Isolated Nuclei ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Description

SUMMARYWe describe the new microsporidium Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis gen. et sp. nov. with an emphasis on its ultrastructural characteristics and phylogenetic position as inferred from the sequence data of SSU rDNA, alpha- and beta-tubulin. This parasite was previously identified as Octosporea bayeri Jírovec, 1936 and has become a model system to study the ecology, epidemiology, evolution and genomics of microsporidia - host interactions. Here, we present evidence that shows its differences from O. bayeri. Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis exclusively infects the adipose tissue, the ovaries and the hypodermis of Daphnia magna and is found only in host populations located in coastal rock pool populations in Finland and Sweden. Merogonial stages of H. tvaerminnensis have isolated nuclei; merozoites are formed by binary fission or by the cleaving of a plasmodium with a small number of nuclei. A sporogonial plasmodium with isolated nuclei yields 8 sporoblasts. Elongated spores are generated by the most finger-like plasmodia. The mature spores are polymorphic in shape and size. Most spores are pyriform (4·9–5·6×2·2–2·3 μm) and have their polar filament arranged in 12–13 coils. A second, elongated spore type (6·8–12·0×1·6–2·1 μm) is rod-shaped with blunt ends and measures 6·8–12·0×1·6–2·1 μm. The envelope of the sporophorous vesicle is thin and fragile, formed at the beginning of the sporogony. Cytological and molecular comparisons with Flabelliforma magnivora, a parasite infecting the same tissues in the same host species, reveal that these two species are very closely related, yet distinct. Moreover, both cytological and molecular data indicate that these species are quite distant from F. montana, the type species of the genus Flabelliforma. We therefore propose that F. magnivora also be placed in Hamiltosporidium gen. nov.

scholarly journals A fungus-eat-fungus world: Digitopodium, with particular reference to mycoparasites of the coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adans A. Colmán ◽  
Harry C. Evans ◽  
Sara S. Salcedo-Sarmiento ◽  
Uwe Braun ◽  
Kifle Belachew-Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

AbstractDigitopodium hemileiae was described originally in 1930 as Cladosporium hemileiae; growing as a mycoparasite of the coffee leaf rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix, in a sample of diseased leaves of Coffea canephora collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo. No cultures from this material exist. More recently, the type material was re-examined and, based on morphological features, considered to be incorrectly placed in Cladosporium. The new genus Digitopodium was erected to accommodate this species. Interest in fungal antagonists of H. vastarix, as potential biocontrol agents of CLR, led to comprehensive surveys for mycoparasites, both in the African centre of origin of the rust, as well as in its South American exotic range. Among the rust specimens from Ethiopia, one was found to be colonized by a fungus congeneric with, and similar to, D. hemileiae. Pure cultures obtained from the Ethiopian material enabled a molecular study and for its phylogenetic position to be elucidated, based on DNA sequence data from the ITS and LSU regions. Molecular data showed that two members of the recently erected genus Hyalocladosporiella (Herpotrichiellaceae: Chaetothyriales) are congeneric with Digitopodium from Ethiopia and morphologically similar to both D. hemileiae and the two Ethiopian isolates. These isolates were found to be morphologically and genetically identical to H. tectonae, described previously from Brazil. Thus, species of Hyalocladosporiella are re-allocated to Digitopodium here; including D. tectonae, and a novel species, D. canescens, recently found in Brazil growing as a mycoparasite of Puccinia thaliae. The potential use of D. hemileiae and D. tectonae for classical biological control of CLR is discussed.

A new microsporidian parasite, Heterosporis saurida n. sp. (Microsporidia) infecting the lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia: ultrastructure and phylogeny

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. AL-QURAISHY ◽  
A. S. ABDEL-BAKI ◽  
H. AL-QAHTANI ◽  
M. DKHIL ◽  
G. CASAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Polar Filament ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
A New Species

SUMMARYA new microsporidian that infects the lizardfish Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848) that are caught in the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia is described here. This parasite invades the skeletal muscle of the abdominal cavity forming white, cyst-like structures containing numerous spores. The prevalence of the infection was 32·1% (135/420). The spores were oval to pyriform in shape and measured approximately 3·3 μm×2·0 μm. The developing spores were found within parasitophorous vacuoles. In mature spores, the polar filament was arranged into 5 coils in a row. Molecular analysis of the rRNA genes, including the ITS region, and phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference were performed. The ultrastructural characteristics and phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of a new species, herein named Heterosporis saurida n. sp.

Phylogenetic position of Arabis arenicola and generic limits of Aphragmus and Eutrema (Brassicaceae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz ◽  
Connie A. Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Arabidopsis Lyrata ◽  
Relationship Of

Sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 45 taxa were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship of Arabis arenicola to Arabis , Arabidopsis , Braya , and Eutrema , and that of Eutrema to the purportedly related genera Aphragmus , Lignariella , Neomartinella , Platycraspedum , Taphrospermum , and Thellungiella . Arabis arenicola was originally described as Eutrema in 1830, transferred to Arabis in 1898, and has remained in Arabis to the present, even though it is morphologically more similar to Arabidopsis, Braya, and Eutrema. Sequence data were obtained from representative taxa of Arabis, Arabidopsis, and related Boechera and Catolobus, Braya and Neotorularia, and Eutrema, Aphragmus, Lignariella, Neomartinella, Platycraspedum, Taphrospermum, and Thellungiella. The five Arabis arenicola accessions examined had ITS sequences that were identical to each other and to four Arabidopsis lyrata accessions. In both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses, Arabis arenicola fell within the Arabidopsis clade and was closely aligned with Arabidopsis lyrata. Two of six purportedly related genera were not closely related to Eutrema. Both analyses placed Lignariella within a separate well-supported clade with Aphragmus, while the other four genera, Neomartinella, Platycraspedum, Taphrospermum, and Thellungiella, fell within a well-supported clade with Eutrema. Morphology and molecular data strongly suggest transferring Arabis arenicola to Arabidopsis, expanding Aphragmus to include Lignariella, and expanding Eutrema to include Neomartinella, Platycraspedum, Taphrospermum, and Thellungiella. New combinations in Arabidopsis and Aphragmus are proposed.

Taxonomic novelties from Irano-Turanian region and NE Iran: Oreosalsola, a new segregate from Salsola s.l., two new species in Anabasis and Salvia, and two new combinations in Caroxylon and Seseli

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOSSEIN AKHANI ◽  
ROXANA KHOSHRAVESH ◽  
MARYAM MALEKMOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Kopet Dagh ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Ne Iran

Oreosalsola, a non-C4 lineage is described as a new genus segregated from Salsola s.l. (Chenopodiaceae). The phylogenetic position and anatomical structure of the new genus in relation to photosynthetic types are discussed. Anabasis firouzii (Chenopodiaceae) and Salvia shahkuhmahalei (Lamiaceae) are described from Golestan National Park (GNP) and Ghorkhod Protected Area (GPA), NE Iran. The new Anabasis is a C4 plant according to its Salsoloid Kranz anatomy and carbon isotope composition. Anabasis firouzii grows on species-poor marl outcrops of Kopet Dagh Mountains in GNP and GPA. The phylogenetic relationship of the new species is discussed using ITS sequence data. The position of Anabasis setifera within the genus Anabasis (not Salsola) is confirmed by updated molecular data. Salvia shahkuhmahalei is closely related to S. rhytidea that is native of Afghanistan and S Iran. Salsola iljinii is transferred to Caroxylon following a new phylogenetic concept of Salsoleae. Seseli tortusosum subsp. kiabii (Apiaceae) is elevated to the species level, which is justified by the recent knowledge. The new species are illustrated; their habitat, plant communities, associated species, threat categories and phytogeographic importance are discussed.

scholarly journals A duplicate gene rooting of seed plants and the phylogenetic position of flowering plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1539) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mathews ◽  
Mark D. Clements ◽  
Mark A. Beilstein
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Origin Of Angiosperms

Flowering plants represent the most significant branch in the tree of land plants, with respect to the number of extant species, their impact on the shaping of modern ecosystems and their economic importance. However, unlike so many persistent phylogenetic problems that have yielded to insights from DNA sequence data, the mystery surrounding the origin of angiosperms has deepened with the advent and advance of molecular systematics. Strong statistical support for competing hypotheses and recent novel trees from molecular data suggest that the accuracy of current molecular trees requires further testing. Analyses of phytochrome amino acids using a duplicate gene-rooting approach yield trees that unite cycads and angiosperms in a clade that is sister to a clade in which Gingko and Cupressophyta are successive sister taxa to gnetophytes plus Pinaceae. Application of a cycads + angiosperms backbone constraint in analyses of a morphological dataset yields better resolved trees than do analyses in which extant gymnosperms are forced to be monophyletic. The results have implications both for our assessment of uncertainty in trees from sequence data and for our use of molecular constraints as a way to integrate insights from morphological and molecular evidence.

scholarly journals Song and Molecular Data Identify Congruent but Novel Affinities of the Green Oropendola (Psarocolius Viridis)

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
J. Jordan Price ◽  
Scott M. Lanyon
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Vocal Evolution ◽  
Avian Song

Abstract The accuracy with which avian song features indicate phylogenetic relationships has rarely been investigated. In a previous study of vocal evolution in oropendolas (Price and Lanyon 2002a), we estimated the phylogenetic position of the Green Oropendola (Psarocolius viridis) using characters derived from oropendolas' elaborate courtship songs. Here, we test that estimate using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The position of the Green Oropendola determined from molecular data is remarkably close to that based solely on song characters; both data sets support a close relationship between P. viridis and members of the genus Gymnostinops. Numerous morphological differences yet low genetic divergence among the species in question suggest that rapid diversification has occurred in the group. The fact that this position has not been proposed previously for P. viridis underscores the effectiveness of song characters for phylogenetic reconstruction.

Affinities of four freshwater putative “Chantransia” stages (Rhodophyta) in Southern China from molecular and morphological data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 441 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
JIN-FEN HAN ◽  
FANG-RU NAN ◽  
JIA FENG ◽  
JUN-PING LV ◽  
QI LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Description

Four putative “Chantransia” isolates were collected from four locations in Hubei and Yunnan Provinces, China. Morphological analyses were conducted on all isolates. Two specimens (HB26 and YN2) fit the morphological description of A. pygmaea, while the other two isolates (YN1 and YN3) varied in morphology, but were within the circumscription of Audouinella hermannii. Due to the fact that the morphological characters of the “Chantransia” stages of order Batrachospermales and the species of genus Audouinella are too similar to be distinguished, a molecular analysis was performed to clarify the phylogenetic position of these four isolates based on rbcL and psbA sequences. Two “pygmaea” specimens collected from Jiugong Mountain, Hubei Province (HB26) and Shimen Gorge, Yunnan Province (YN2), such as S. jiugongshanensis and S. shimenxiaensis, are proposed primarily based on the DNA sequence data generated in this study. The description of these two new species provides more molecular data for phylogenetic analysis of the genus Sheathia. In addition to these newly described species, the results strongly support that those “hermannii” isolates (YN1 and YN3) collected from Yunnan Province were the “Chantransia” of S. arcuata. However, their gametophyte stages have not been found, meaning that critical diagnostic morphological features were unavailable and molecular methods were the only means for ascertaining their phylogenetic position. Considering the extensive application of the rbcL and psbA genes in phylogenetic analyses of freshwater red algae, we recommend using these two genes to identify species when no morphological characteristics are available.

A new microsporidian parasite, Potaspora morhaphis n. gen., n. sp. (Microsporidia) infecting the Teleostean fish, Potamorhaphis guianensis from the River Amazon. Morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characterization

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (9) ◽  
pp. 1053-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CASAL ◽  
E. MATOS ◽  
M. L. TELES-GRILO ◽  
C. AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Polar Filament ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Host Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna

SUMMARYA fish-infecting Microsporidia Potaspora morhaphis n. gen., n. sp. found adherent to the wall of the coelomic cavity of the freshwater fish, Potamorhaphis guianensis, from lower Amazon River is described, based on light microscope and ultrastructural characteristics. This microsporidian forms whitish xenomas distinguished by the numerous filiform and anastomosed microvilli. The xenoma was completely filled by several developmental stages. In all of these stages, the nuclei are monokaryotic and develop in direct contact with host cell cytoplasm. The merogonial plasmodium divides by binary fission and the disporoblastic pyriform spores of sporont origin measure 2·8±0·3×1·5±0·2 μm. In mature spores the polar filament was arranged into 9–10 coils in 2 layers. The polaroplast had 2 distinct regions around the manubrium and an electron-dense globule was observed. The small subunit, intergenic space and partial large subunit rRNA gene were sequenced and maximum parsimony analysis placed the microsporidian described here in the clade that includes the genera Kabatana, Microgemma, Spraguea and Tetramicra. The ultrastructural morphology of the xenoma, and the developmental stages including the spores of this microsporidian parasite, as well as the phylogenetic analysis, suggest the erection of a new genus and species.

scholarly journals Fitness effects and transmission routes of a microsporidian parasite infectingDrosophilaand its parasitoids

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. FUTERMAN ◽  
S. J. LAYEN ◽  
M. L. KOTZEN ◽  
C. FRANZEN ◽  
A. R. KRAAIJEVELD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Asobara Tabida ◽  
Microsporidian Infection ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pupal Mortality

A microsporidian infection was discovered in laboratory cultures ofDrosophilaspecies. Ultrastructural examination suggested it belonged to the poorly characterized speciesTubulinosema kingi, and morphological and sequence data are presented. We explored howT. kingiaffected the fitness ofDrosophila melanogasterandD. subobscura, as well as the fitness of 2 of their parasitoids,Asobara tabidaandPachycrepoideus vindemiae. InDrosophila, infections caused changes in most of the traits we looked at that were associated with fitness, in particular causing a 34–55% reduction in early-life fecundity. Parasitoid fitness was affected more severely by infection than that of their hosts, with pupal mortality in particular increasing by 75–89%. We investigated the most important routes of transmission forT. kingiin a laboratory setting. LettingDrosophilalarvae feed on medium contaminated with spores from infected dead flies resulted in 100% infection. Low levels of transmission (<10%) were found between larvae, and vertically between mothers and their offspring. Parasitoids developing in infected hosts all became infected, but infected adults were neither able to transmit the pathogen to their offspring nor to their offspring'sDrosophilahost, either directly, or via contamination of the ovipositor or other body parts. A field survey ofDrosophilaand their parasitoids in southern England revealed no natural infections. We discuss the potential importance of Microsporidia in parasitoid-host interactions, and for those working withDrosophilain the laboratory.

scholarly journals Multiple molecular evidences for a living mammalian fossil

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (18) ◽  
pp. 7495-7499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothée Huchon ◽  
Pascale Chevret ◽  
Ursula Jordan ◽  
C. William Kilpatrick ◽  
Vincent Ranwez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Mammalian Fossil

Laonastes aenigmamus is an enigmatic rodent first described in 2005. Molecular and morphological data suggested that it is the sole representative of a new mammalian family, the Laonastidae, and a member of the Hystricognathi. However, the validity of this family is controversial because fossil-based phylogenetic analyses suggest that Laonastes is a surviving member of the Diatomyidae, a family considered to have been extinct for 11 million years. According to these data, Laonastes and Diatomyidae are the sister clade of extant Ctenodactylidae (i.e., gundies) and do not belong to the Hystricognathi. To solve the phylogenetic position of Laonastes, we conducted a large-scale molecular phylogeny of rodents. The analysis includes representatives of all major rodent taxonomic groups and was based on 5.5 kb of sequence data from four nuclear and two mitochondrial genes. To further validate the obtained results, a short interspersed element insertion analysis including 11 informative loci was also performed. Our molecular data based on sequence and short interspersed element analyses unambiguously placed Laonastes as a sister clade of gundies. All alternative hypotheses were significantly rejected based on Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests, supporting the idea that Laonastes does not belong to the Hystricognathi. Molecular dating analysis also supports an ancient divergence, ≈44 Mya ago, between Ctenodactylidae and Laonastes. These combined analyses support the hypothesis that Laonastes is indeed a living fossil. Protection of this surviving species would conserve an ancient mammalian family.

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