Transmission ecology of taeniid larval cestodes in rodents in Sweden, a low endemic area for Echinococcus multilocularis

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA L. MILLER ◽  
GERT E. OLSSON ◽  
SOFIA SOLLENBERG ◽  
MARION R. WALBURG ◽  
MOA SKARIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Transmission Ecology ◽  
Low Prevalence

SUMMARYAlthough local prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis may be high, this zoonotic parasite has an overall low prevalence in foxes and rodents in Sweden. To better understand opportunities for E. multilocularis transmission in the Swedish environment, the aim of this study was to investigate other taeniid cestodes and to relate observed patterns to E. multilocularis. Cestode parasites were examined in fox feces and rodents caught in different habitats from four regions of Sweden. Arvicola amphibius and Microtus agrestis were parasitized with Versteria mustelae, Hydatigera taeniaeformis s. l., and E. multilocularis, whereas Myodes glareolus and Apodemus spp. were parasitized with V. mustelae, Taenia polyacantha, H. taeniaeformis s.l., and Mesocestoides spp. Rodents caught in field habitat (Ar. amphibius, Mi. agrestis) were more likely (OR 10, 95% CI 5–19) to be parasitized than rodents caught in forest habitat (My. glareolus, Apodemus spp.). The parasite preference for each rodent species was present regardless of the type of background contamination from fox feces. These results further support the importance of both ecological barriers and individual species susceptibility in parasite transmission, and indicate that future monitoring for E. multilocularis in the Swedish environment should focus in field habitats where Mi. agrestis and Ar. amphibius are abundant.

Transmission ecology of Echinococcus multilocularis: What are the ranges of parasite stability among various host communities in China?

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. S237-S246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Giraudoux ◽  
David Pleydell ◽  
Francis Raoul ◽  
Jean-Pierre Quéré ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Transmission Ecology

Ecological epidemiology: the role of landscape structure in the transmission risk of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis (Leukart 1863) (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Taeniidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Graham ◽  
F. M. Danson ◽  
P. S. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Western China ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Transmission Ecology ◽  
Liver Infection

The larval form of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis causes a fatal liver infection in humans and has high prevalence in western China. The tapeworm lifecycle involves small mammal populations and canids, such as foxes and dogs. Human contact with infected canids may lead to the transmission of the worm to humans, causing the disease human alveolar echinococcosis. This paper introduces the tapeworm and reviews the current understanding of its transmission ecology in relation to each component of its lifecycle. Recent research indicates that landscape plays an important role in creating the necessary habitat conditions for natural transmission. Defining the landscape involves the use of satellite imagery, land cover classification and spatial analysis. The link between disease, remote sensing and landscape ecology is an expanding research area and potentially an important one in relation to Echinococcus multilocularis and alveolar echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Mouse-like rodents and shrews in Kharkiv Oblast (Ukraine): species composition, distribution, and current state of populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (19) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Oksana Markovska ◽  
◽  
Hennadiy Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Microtus Oeconomus ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Mus Spicilegus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Population Outbreaks ◽  
Sorex Minutus

Since 1957, zoologists of the Kharkiv Sanitary and Epidemiological Station have been conducting annual monitoring of small mammals in Kharkiv Oblast. To assess the current state of populations of mouse-like rodents and shrews, we analysed a dataset for the period from 2000 to 2018. The small mammal fauna was studied at 117 sites in 27 districts (raions) of Kharkiv Oblast. Various types of oak forests, dry and floodplain meadows, riparian vegetation, steppe areas, forest stripes, gardens, fields, and haystacks were examined. Four species of insectivores and 16 species of mouse-like rodents were identified. The dominant and widespread species in the region are Sylvaemus uralensis, Apodemus agrarius, Sorex araneus, Microtus levis, Myodes glareolus, and Sylvaemus tauricus. Some species are less common and in some areas of the region have not yet been identified, including Sorex minutus, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, Crocidura suaveolens, Micromys minutus, Cricetulus migratorius, and Microtus oeconomus. The least common species with single records include Neomys fodiens, Mus spicilegus, Lagurus lagurus, Terricola subterraneus, Dryomys nitedula, and Arvicola amphibius. Indigenous species of the region include seven species, another seven species are those that increased their number and range, three species have recently appeared in the region due to dispersal from adjacent territories, while, on the contrary, the abundance and range of three species have declines. Microtus oeconomus is characterised by a current southward range expansion. Myodes glareolus, which was mentioned in the last century north of our region, is now widely distributed throughout the region and further south. Lagurus lagurus is an invasive species with periodic population outbreaks in the region and currently is rarely recorded.

Zoonotic parasite protection in the practice setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Ian Wright
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Parasite Exposure

Cats and dogs carry a wide range of parasites with zoonotic potential. While much focus is placed on protecting owners and the wider public from these infections, veterinary staff are also at risk of exposure. Veterinary nurses may be exposed to parasites through direct contact with pets, indirect surface transmission, aerosols or via vectors. The risk of zoonotic parasite transmission, however, can be minimised in the workplace with a few simple practice-wide precautions. This article considers some of the routes of parasite exposure in practice and steps to reduce them.

A 15-year follow-up study on schistosomiasis in a low-endemic area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Igreja ◽  
M.F. Gusmão ◽  
M.G.M. Barreto ◽  
M.T. Paulino ◽  
J.F. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

AbstractFifteen years after our first investigation, a follow-up study was carried out with the purpose of assessing the evolution of schistosomiasis in the locality of Sabugo, Paracambi, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an area with low prevalence of the disease. The coprological techniques adopted were spontaneous sedimentation and Kato-Katz. Out of the 1356 individuals assessed, 13 (1%) were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. From those, 10 were males, 12 were over 15 years old, and at least 11 had been infected in Sabugo. All patients presented either the intestinal or the hepato-intestinal form of the disease, and 8 (61.5%) harboured light parasitic loads. In 1990, there were 27 (2.7%) infected individuals; less than half harboured light parasitic loads, with the predominance of moderate and heavy forms. Although our results indicate an improvement in the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in Sabugo, transmission of the disease in the locality is still active, especially among young males, and tends to be acquired during leisure activities.

scholarly journals Transmission ecosystems of Echinococcus multilocularis in China and Central Asia

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (13) ◽  
pp. 1655-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK GIRAUDOUX ◽  
FRANCIS RAOUL ◽  
EVE AFONSO ◽  
ISKENDER ZIADINOV ◽  
YURONG YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Transmission Ecology ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Regional Types ◽  
Lasiopodomys Brandtii

SUMMARYFrom continental to regional scales, the zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis (AE) (caused by Echinococcus multilocularis) forms discrete patches of endemicity within which transmission hotspots of much larger prevalence may occur. Since the late 80s, a number of hotspots have been identified in continental Asia, mostly in China, wherein the ecology of intermediate host communities has been described. This is the case in south Gansu, at the eastern border of the Tibetan plateau, in south Ningxia, in the western Tian Shan of Xinjiang, and in the Alay valley of south Kyrgyzstan. Here we present a comparative natural history and characteristics of transmission ecosystems or ecoscapes. On this basis, regional types of transmission and their ecological characteristics have been proposed in a general framework. Combining climatic, land cover and intermediate host species distribution data, we identified and mapped 4 spatially distinct types of transmission ecosystems typified by the presence of one of the following small mammal ‘flagship’ species: Ellobius tancrei, Ochotona curzoniae, Lasiopodomys brandtii or Eospalax fontanierii. Each transmission ecosystem had its own characteristics which can serve as a reference for further in-depth research in the transmission ecology of E. multilocularis. This approach may be used at fine spatial scales to characterize other poorly known transmission systems of the large Eurasian endemic zone, and help in consideration of surveillance systems and interventions.

scholarly journals Salivary IgA against sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in the study of horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis via T. gondii oocysts in endemic settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. MANGIAVACCHI ◽  
F. P. VIEIRA ◽  
L. M. G. BAHIA-OLIVEIRA ◽  
D. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Salivary Iga

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of the relative epidemiological importance of different modes of infection with respect to horizontal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in endemic settings. We investigated the prevalence of salivary IgA against a sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in a highly endemic area for toxoplasmosis in Brazil in order to pinpoint parasite transmission via oocysts. Prevalence calculated by salivary IgA specific to TgERP was compared to the prevalence calculated by serum IgG against both TgERP and tachyzoites (in conventional serological tests). Prevalence calculated by different serological and salivary parameters varied in the studied age groups. However, for the 15–21 years age group, values for T. gondii prevalence estimated by conventional serological tests and by anti-TgERP salivary IgA were similar; i.e. 68·7% and 66·6% or 66·7%, respectively, using two different cut-off parameters for salivary IgA anti-TgERP. Furthermore, salivary IgA anti-TgERP for this age group presented the highest specificity (93·33%), sensitivity (93·94%), and likelihood (14·09) compared to all the other age groups. These data demonstrate the importance of age for salivary IgA investigation against TgERP to estimate the mode of T. gondii transmission in endemic settings.

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