scholarly journals Salivary IgA against sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in the study of horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis via T. gondii oocysts in endemic settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. MANGIAVACCHI ◽  
F. P. VIEIRA ◽  
L. M. G. BAHIA-OLIVEIRA ◽  
D. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Salivary Iga

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of the relative epidemiological importance of different modes of infection with respect to horizontal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in endemic settings. We investigated the prevalence of salivary IgA against a sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in a highly endemic area for toxoplasmosis in Brazil in order to pinpoint parasite transmission via oocysts. Prevalence calculated by salivary IgA specific to TgERP was compared to the prevalence calculated by serum IgG against both TgERP and tachyzoites (in conventional serological tests). Prevalence calculated by different serological and salivary parameters varied in the studied age groups. However, for the 15–21 years age group, values for T. gondii prevalence estimated by conventional serological tests and by anti-TgERP salivary IgA were similar; i.e. 68·7% and 66·6% or 66·7%, respectively, using two different cut-off parameters for salivary IgA anti-TgERP. Furthermore, salivary IgA anti-TgERP for this age group presented the highest specificity (93·33%), sensitivity (93·94%), and likelihood (14·09) compared to all the other age groups. These data demonstrate the importance of age for salivary IgA investigation against TgERP to estimate the mode of T. gondii transmission in endemic settings.

scholarly journals Seroprevalance of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and goat: Iraq/ Sulaimania

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Lazem H. Al-Taie
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82 (57 %) , and 21 (54.6 %) and 25 (54.35 %) in goats ,by ELISA and LAT respectively. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest in age group 7-9 (66.6%) in sheep in compares’ with other age groups. There was no significant differences between both spp.and tow test. Conclusion: Statistical results show no significant differences between both tests (ELISA &LAT) at (P ≥ 0.05).The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was increased proportionally with the age of animals, while gender has no effect on the prevalent rate .

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dairy Cattle with Reproductive Problems in Sudan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelghafar M. Elfahal ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Khalid A. Enan ◽  
Azza B. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
One Year

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other warm-blooded animals in most parts of the world. The disease is common among sheep and goats and it is recognized as one of the major causes of reproductive failure in these animals. Cattle, on the other hand, can be infected, but abortion or perinatal mortality has not been recorded. This survey was carried out to study the prevalence of this disease in cattle in Khartoum and Gazira States (Sudan). 181 sera samples collected from dairy cattle with reproductive problems were assayed for antibodies to T. gondii by ELISA. The prevalence rate of T. gondii antibodies in cattle at herd level was 44.8% (13/29). Herd level infection rates were 50% and 33.3% in Khartoum and Gazira States, respectively. The overall prevalence of T. gondii at individual level in both states was 13.3% (24/181). The prevalence was 12.7% (17/134), was 14.9% (7/47) in Khartoum and Gazira State, respectively. There was significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the age group less than one year old (36.4%) than in other age groups and in males (30.8%) than in females (11.9%) while no significant relationship was discerned regarding breed, location, season, or signs of reproductive disease.

scholarly journals Change in the epidemiological profile of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the Brazilian pediatric population: indication of COVID-19 subnotification

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pinto ◽  
Isadora Borges ◽  
Jonas Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION: The impact of COVID-19 on the Brazilian pediatric population may be underestimated by underreporting. This study compares the incidence of hospitalizations and deaths due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and etiologies in children between 2019 and 2020. METHODS: Epidemiological study carried out by consulting InfoGripe. Data referring to epidemiological weeks 1 to 25 of the years 2019 and 2020 were consulted, analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program. RESULTS: Comparing the years 2019 and 2020, we observed reduction in the incidence rate (per 100,000) of hospitalizations for SARS in the 0-4 year age group from 4.023 to 2.980 (p = 0.05), and an increase in the other age groups, in schoolchildren, 0.353 to 0.618 (p = 0.009) and among adolescents, 0.115 to 0.393 (p = 0.002). There was an increase in deaths from 0.013 to 0.017 (p = 0.05) between 5-9 years, and from 0.009 to 0.029 (p = 0.001) between 10-19 years. In relation to “unknown etiology”, the incidence of hospitalizations increased from 0.294 to 1.454 (p = 0.007) and deaths from 0.03 to 0.28 (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The incidence of hospitalizations and deaths due to SARS in 2020 in children aged 5-9 and 10-19 years was higher than in 2019. The 3.4-fold increase in the number of cases, and 9.3-fold increase in deaths from SARS without a defined etiology in 2020 may suggests an important underreporting by COVID -19 in Brazil. Further studies are needed to assess the extent and impact of SARS-CoV-2 in children.

scholarly journals The Influence of Biographical Factors on Adult Learner Self-Directedness in an Open Distance Learning Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne Botha ◽  
Mariette Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Adult Learner ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Academic Activity ◽  
And Gender

<p>This study investigated the relationship between self-directedness (as measured by the Adult Learner Self-Directedness Scale) and biographical factors such as age, race, and gender of adult learners enrolled at a South African open distance learning (ODL) higher education institution. Correlational and inferential statistical analyses were used. A stratified random sample of 1,102 mainly black and female learners participated in the study. The Adult Learner Self-Directedness Scale (ALSDS) identified four constructs of adult learner self-directedness in an Open Distance Learning Higher Education (ODLHE) milieu, namely the strategic utilisation of officially provided resources, engaged academic activity, success orientation for ODLHE, and academically motivated behaviour. The research indicated that significant differences exist between the gender, race and age groups with regard to self-directedness.</p><p>With regard to gender, males scored significantly higher than females on success orientation for ODLHE and engaged academic activity. With regard to race, Indian participants scored significantly higher than the other race groups on strategic utilisation of officially provided resources and engaged academic activity. The white participants scored significantly higher than the other race groups on success orientation for ODLHE. In terms of age, the age group &gt;50 scored significantly higher than the other age groups on success orientation for ODLHE and self-efficacy. In terms of success orientation, the means for the age groups seem to increase as the ages of participants increase. The age group 18-25 scored significantly higher than the other age groups on engaged academic activity.</p>

EPIDEMIC SHIGELLA GASTROENTERITIS (BACILLARY DYSENTERY) IN AN ENDEMIC AREA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
MILTON FEIG
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Population Group ◽  
One Year

The clinical aspects of acute bacillary dysentery as observed in an outbreak among a general population group in a highly endemic area are presented; age-specific clinical variations are noted. The onset was abrupt in all cases and all age-groups. The height of the illness in 84% of 106 cases was reached in 24 hours, more rapidly than in the "classical" form (3 to 5 days). The presence of blood in the stools was noted in about 25% of all cases; in about 25% of the 0 through 5 year age-group, 50% of the 6 through 10 year group, 37½% of the 11 through 15 year age-group, and 9 to 10% in the groups 16 years of age and over. The median number of stools was 9 to 10 daily, with no significant difference among the various age-groups. Fever was present in 65% of the children 10 years of age and under (55 cases), and in 35% of the older age-groups (40 cases). Vomiting is more frequent among the younger age-groups; weakness becomes a more frequent complaint with advancing age. The median duration of illness was 5.5 days in 100 cases. There was no correlation observed between age and duration. Recurrences are more frequently observed in the youngest age-groups—36% of all cases (14) under one year of age, 28% of 39 cases between 1-2 years of age. About 9% of the 26 and over age-group (34 cases) recurred, and practically none in the intervening groups. No relationship was observed between the tendency towards recurrences in households with multiple cases as compared with single cases. All the fatalities were under one year of age. Two deaths occurred in the cases studied, yielding an age-specific death rate of 14.3% for this group. Five other deaths in cases not included in this report are noted, all under one year of age; 2 caused by "infant diarrhea" and 3 by bronchopneumonia with "chronic diarrhea" as a contributing cause. The role of acquired immunity in the modification of bacillary dysentery can be evaluated from studies of attack rates and the clinical course of the disease, through age-specific groupings. Investigators should clearly define such basic terms as duration, recurrences, etc., when reporting so that necessary comparisons and/or data summation can be made.

Chinese preschoolers’ acquisition of temporal adverbs indicating past, present, and future: a corpus-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 760-784
Author(s):  
Lu Yao LIANG ◽  
Dandan WU ◽  
Hui LI
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Child Mandarin ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Temporal Adverbs

AbstractThis study investigated the development of temporal adverbs in early childhood Mandarin. All cases of temporal adverbs indicating the past, present, and future were extracted from the Early Child Mandarin Corpus (168 children in four age groups: 2;6, 3;6, 4;6, 5;6). Data analyses indicated: (1) Mandarin-speaking children produced a repertoire of 21 types of temporal adverbs, and the children in the first age group (M = 2;6) were capable of using temporal adverbs to denote past, present, and future events; (2) within each age group, the children produced significantly more future temporal adverbs than the other two subtypes; and (3) there was a significant age effect that, with increased age, more children were able to produce all subtypes of temporal adverbs. Overall, findings of this corpus-based investigation shed light upon Chinese children's early-attained ability to express the three fundamental notions of time by resorting to the appropriate linguistic devices.

scholarly journals ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE NAMES AND THE TASTES OF FOODS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE, THAILAND

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Angsuviriya Angsuviriya ◽  
Chanokporn Chanokporn
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The objective of this article is to study the attitudes of different age and ethnic groups reflected through the names and the taste of food, that is the southern Thais have a positive attitude towards more tasteful or the taste of hot than the other ethnic groups while the Chinese Thais they have a more positive attitude towards  insipid taste than the other ethnic groups. For the Malaysian Thais they have a more positive attitude towards the taste of sweet than the other two ethnic groups. As for main course dish, the most popular main course dishes in all the 3 groups are “Kangsom” (sour soup made of tamarind paste) and “KangTaipla” or “KangPhungpla”. As for dessert, the most favorite desserts in all the 3 groups are “Klauybuatchee” or Klauybuat (banana in coconut milk) and “Lotchong” or “Singaporean Lotchong”. In addition, it is found that the Chinese Thais and the southern Thais have a negative attitude towards beef, eels, buffalo meat etc, while the Malaysian Thais have a negative attitude towards pork because they are Muslim. When age groups have been taken into account, age group 1 (15-25) does not like spicy foods, compared with the other age group. While age group 2 (35-45) has similarities in the food names of those in age group 1 and age group 3; therefore, there are more food names in age group 2 than those in the other groups. In addition, for age group 3 (55 or more) more local names of foods are found.   Keywords: Attitudes, the names and the tastes of foods, the ethnic

The Psychological and Behavioral Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Ways to Cope With Them

2022 ◽  
pp. 385-410
Author(s):  
Zulal Törenli Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Age Group ◽  
New Normal ◽  
And Coping

The COVID-19 pandemic and the life after the outbreak introduced numerous changes and uncertainties that led to elevated stress levels in the societies and caused the emergence of various psychological responses for people of all ages to deal with this unprecedented transformation. Throughout this period, the children and adolescents were mostly influenced by being away from school and their peers while the adults had to struggle with the economic crisis and the increased workload both at home and at work. The older adults, on the other hand, had to contend with loneliness, feeling useless, and ageism. In this chapter, considering different age groups, how people are affected by the pandemic-related changes and their common psychological and behavioral responses and coping strategies will be presented. Some recommendations and common solutions to adapt to the “new normal” brought by the pandemic will be also emphasized separately for each age group.

Seroprevalence of Zoonotic Protozoa Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Food Animals of Chattogram Division

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Sultana Fizun Nahar ◽  
Ramesh Prasad Saha ◽  
Khan Md Ashfia ◽  
Asish Kumer Debnath ◽  
AKM Anisur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep, goats and cattle in Chattogram division. In his study a total of 220 sera samples from different animals were collected from different herds of Chattogram division. Among the 220 samples, 184 sera were examined for T. gondii antibody by indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) (ID Screen® indirect ELISA kit, IDvet Laboratories, Inc., France) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples with more than 50% S/P were considered as positive for T. gondii. The overall prevalence of T. gondii was 13.59%. The highest prevalence of T. gondii was found in goat 16%, sheep 13.04% and cattle 11.90%. The highest prevalence (36.36%) of T gondii infection was observed in sheep aged >5 years compared to other age groups. Similarly, the highest seroprevalence was found in >18 months old sheep (16.067% compared to <6 months group (5.88%) and pregnant (19.63%) and non-pregnant sheep (11.76%). In contrast to cattle and sheep, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in goats were highest in 6 months to 18 months age group (20.83%) compared to >18 months age group (9.09%). Results indicate that T. gondii infection in food animals in Chattogram division is widespread. Further investigation on the isolation and characterization of T. gondii from the aborted fetus and its zoonotic potential on human population is imperative. The undercooked meat and raw milk of these food animals may serve as a potential source of T. gondi infection for humans. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 275-281,  August 2020

Communication Attitudes and Aging

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Barber Watson ◽  
Sarah E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Two Age Groups

This investigation compared the reported communication attitudes of 102 adults in six age groups. Participants completed the Inventory of Communication Attitudes which examines perceptions of self and others in a number of speaking situations. Discriminant analysis procedures were utilized to examine age group differences. Results indicated significant differences across age groups for perceptions of self and perceptions of others. The two age groups most frequently differentiated from the other groups were those persons in their twenties and those in their sixties.

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