Oppegård kirke, Oppegård, Norway: fixing the location where Roald Amundsen revealed his ‘minor diversion’

Polar Record ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-224
Author(s):  
P.J. Capelotti ◽  
Susan Barr
Keyword(s):  
North Pole ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
History Of ◽  
North Polar ◽  
Grave Markers ◽  
Clear Objective

ABSTRACTAfter learning in the first week of September 1909 that the North Pole had been claimed, the career and prospects of the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen hung in the balance. Scheduled to lead an exploration of the north polar basin, Amundsen suddenly found himself without adequate funding or a clear objective. His self-described ‘coup’ to turn southwards and reach for the South Pole was perhaps the most dramatic and best-kept secret in the history of polar exploration. Amundsen shared his decision only with a very select few, including his brother and manager, Leon Amundsen, a scene dramatised in the 1985 television mini-series The last place on earth. The location used in the film is identified at the unusual grave markers of the Ingier family outside Oppegård kirke in Oppegård, Norway, about five km from the site of Amundsen's home on Bunnefjorden, a branch of Oslofjord.

Polar aspects of the Transglobe Expedition

Polar Record ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (136) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Ranulph Fiennes
Keyword(s):  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
North Pole ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
The North ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Greenwich Meridian ◽  
The World

AbstractThe Transglobe Expedition (leader Sir Ranulph Fiennes, Bt.), circumnavigated the world between September 1979 and 1982, keeping as close as possible to the Greenwich meridian. This involved journeys in both polar regions. During the expedition's southern phase (1979–81) two overwintering bases were established in Antarctica and a party of three crossed the icecap on snowmobiles, via the South Pole. During the northern phase (1981–83) two men traversed the Northwest Passage by boat on foot, sledging across Ellesmere Island to the settlement of Alert, where a party of three overwintered. Two then set out over the pack ice, crossing the North Pole and drifting with the floating ice toward Svalbard, to be picked up by the expedition ship.

scholarly journals Effect of magnetic field of both north and south pole on the growth and viability of the local isolate Aspergillus flavus sh1 and its capability for the production of aflatoxin

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Ismael Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
North Pole ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

This study included the investigation of the effect of magnetic field of both north and south pole on the growth and viability of the local isolate of Aspergillus flavus, and its capability for the production of aflatoxin.The results showed that the north pole effect of the growth and viability of the tested isolate and it's capability for aflatoxin production. The colonies diameter were (50,60,70 )mm to the (north pole, south pole, north and south pole) treatments and the control was (60)mm. The numbers of spores to the same treatments were (12×107 ,50×107,31×107) spore/100 ml while the control was (30×107) spore/100ml.The dried weight of the same treatments were (0.11,0.36,0.25)gm while the control was (0.23)gm.The south pole show an efficiency in staining Aspergillus flavus sh1 comparing with the north pole. And so the North Pole was reduced the production of aflatoxin, while the South Pole increased the aflatoxin production.

History of Continents after Rifting from Pangea

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. W. Rogers ◽  
M. Santosh
Keyword(s):  
Continental Drift ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Foreland Basins ◽  
The South ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
Oceanic Plates

As continents moved from Pangea to their present positions, they experienced more than 100 million years of geologic history. Compressive and extensional stresses generated by collision with continental and oceanic plates formed mountain belts, zones of rifting and strike-slip faulting, and magmatism in all of these environments. In this chapter we can only provide capsule summaries of this history for each of the various continents, but many of their salient features have been discussed as examples of tectonic processes in earlier chapters. The final section analyzes the breakup of Pangea as part of the latest cycle of accretion and dispersal of supercontinents. Because it involves continuation of this cycle into the future, it is necessarily very speculative. Figure 10.1 shows approximate patterns of movement of each continent from its position in Pangea to the present. The dominant feature of this pattern is northward movement of all continents except Antarctica, which has remained over the South Pole for more than 250 million years. Shortly after geologists recognized the concept of continental drift, this movement was referred to by the German word “Polflucht” (flight from the pole) because all of the continents were seen to be fleeing from the South Pole. The only continent that did not simply move northward was Eurasia, which essentially rotated clockwise and changed its orientation from north–south to east–west. Comparison of fig. 10.1 with fig. 8.12a (locations of continents shortly before the assembly of Gondwana) shows that the net effect of the last 580 million years of earth history has been a transfer of most continental crust from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere. Accretion and compression against the southern margin of Eurasia constructed a series of mountain belts from the Pyrenees in the west to the numerous ranges of Southeast Asia in the east. This collision generated extensional and transtensional forces that opened rifts and pull-apart basins. Tectonic loading created foreland basins with sediment thicknesses of several kilometers. Opposite the area where the collision of India caused the most intense compression, the extensional basins are interspersed with mountain ranges that were lifted up intracontinentally. We divide the discussion of Eurasia into a section where compression dominates to the south (present orientation) of the former margin of Pangea and a section that describes processes within the landmass to the north.

7. To the ends of the earth

2015 ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Large Space ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Asia ◽  
The Antarctic

With the filling of the large space on the map that was Tibet and High Asia, explorers turned to smaller spaces or else they turned to those untouched extremities where there was no map—the Arctic and the Antarctic. ‘To the ends of the earth ’ first describes the search for the North Pole in the Arctic. It was Americans Frederick Cook and Robert Peary who laid their competing claims to 90° north, but the race to the South Pole was between Robert Scott and Roald Amundsen. It was Amundsen who succeeded. The two next terrestrial prizes were the world's highest mountain, Mount Everest, and Rub' al Khali, the “Empty Quarter” of southeastern Arabia.

Changing the Angle of Vision: Astrolabe Dials on Astronomical Clocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-5) ◽  
pp. 404-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Oestmann
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Stereographic Projection ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
North Pole ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Period

Abstract From the middle of the fourteenth century until the Early Modern period, several monumental astronomical clocks were erected in Europe, and on many of them astrolabe dials were placed. On a group of earlier clocks, “southern astrolabes” (i.e. with stereographic projection from the North Pole) were employed, whereas later examples show a “northern astrolabe” (i.e., a stereographic projection from the South Pole), which is commonly used on portable astrolabes. The material and textual evidence as well as reasons for this change shall be examined. Moreover, the question of transmission of special variants of stereographic projection from East to West will be discussed.

Temür and the problem of a conqueror's legacy

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Forbes Manz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Stress ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Temür has been many things to many people. He was nomad and city-builder, Turk and promoter of Persian culture, restorer of the Mongol order and warrior for the spread of Islam. One thing he was to all: a conqueror of unequalled scope, able to subdue both the vast areas of nomad power to the north and the centres of agrarian Islamic culture to the south. The history of his successors was one of increasing political fragmentation and economic stress. Yet they too won fame, as patrons over a period of brilliant cultural achievement in Persian and Turkic. Temür's career raises a number of questions. Why did he find it necessary to pile conquest upon conquest, each more ambitious than the last? Having conceived dreams of dominion, where did he get the power and money to fulfill them? When he died, what legacy did Temür leave to his successors and to the world which they tried to control? Finally, what was this world of Turk and Persian, and where did Temür and the Timurids belong within it?

Attitudes to reform: political parties in Ulster and the Irish land bill of 1881

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (95) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Francis Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
History Of

The Irish land act of 1881, it is generally agreed, was a victory for the Land League and Parnell, and nationalist policy with regard to the act and the attitude of southern tenants towards it have been many times subjected to detailed examination by historians of this period. In these analyses of the events of 1880–81, however, little reference is normally made to the part played by the different parties and interests in the north of the country. It is often assumed, for example, that the Ulster tenants held aloof from the campaign for reform, lending no more than occasional vocal support to the agitational efforts of tenants in the south and west. Indeed, they were later excoriated by William O'Brien, Michael Davitt and others not only for giving no support to the land movement but also for sabotaging Parnell's policy of testing the 1881 act by precipitately rushing into the land courts to take advantage of the new legislation: ‘that hard-fisted body of men, having done nothing themselves to win the act, thought of nothing but turning it to their own immediate use, and repudiating any solidarity with the southern and western rebels to whom they really owed it’. If, however, northern tenants were harshly judged by nationalist politicians in the years after 1881, the part played by the northern political parties in the history of the land bill has been either ignored or misunderstood by historians since that time. The Ulster liberals, for example, are rarely mentioned, the implication being that they made no contribution to the act even though it implemented almost exactly the programme on which they had been campaigning for much of the previous decade. The northern conservatives, on the other hand, are commonly seen as leading opponents of the bill, more intransigent than their party colleagues in the south, ‘quick to denounce any weakening of the opposition’ to reform, and ‘determined to keep the tory party up to the mark in defending the landlord interest’

I Kings

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biblical Scholar ◽  
1 Kings

Beginning with the death of David and the rise of Solomon, 1 Kings charts the history of Israel through the divided monarchy, when Ahab reigned in the north and Jehoshaphat reigned in the south. This new translation, with introduction and commentary by biblical scholar Mordechai Cogan, is part of the Anchor Bible Commentary series, viewed by many as the definitive commentaries for use in both Christian and Jewish scholarship and worship. Cogan's translation brings new immediacy to well-known passages, such as Solomon's famously wise judgment when asked by two prostitutes to decide their dispute regarding motherhood of a child: "Cut the live son in two! And give half to one and half to the other." With a bibliography that runs to almost a thousand articles and books, Cogan's commentary demonstrates his mastery of the political history described by 1 Kings, as well as the themes of moral and religious failure that eventually led to Israel's defeat and exile.

Evolution of Titan’s stratosphere with Cassini/CIRS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena Coustenis ◽  
Donald Jennings ◽  
Richard Achterberg ◽  
Panayotis Lavvas ◽  
Conor Nixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Neutral Atmosphere ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Cassini Mission

<p>Titan is a unique body in the solar system in particular because of its earth-like surface features, its putative undersurface liquid water ocean and its large organic content in the atmosphere and on the surface . These chemical species evolve with season, as Titan follows Saturn in its orbit around the Sun with an inclination of about 27°. We performed an analysis of spectra acquired by Cassini/CIRS at high resolution covering the range from 10 to 1500 cm<sup>-1</sup> since the beginning and until the last flyby of Titan in 2017 and describe the temperature and composition variations ([1-3]. By applying our radiative transfer code (ARTT) to the high-resolution CIRS spectra we study the stratospheric evolution over almost two Titan seasons [1,2]. CIRS nadir and limb spectral together show variations in temperature and chemical composition in the stratosphere during the Cassini mission, before and after the Northern Spring Equinox (NSE) and also during one Titan year.</p><p>Since the 2010 equinox we have thus reported on monitoring of Titan’s stratosphere near the poles and in particular on the observed strong temperature decrease and compositional enhancement above Titan’s southern polar latitudes since 2012 and until 2014 of several trace species, such as complex hydrocarbons and nitriles, which were previously observed only at high northern latitudes. This effect followed the transition of Titan’s seasons from northern winter in 2002 to northern summer in 2017, while at that latter time the southern hemisphere was entering winter.</p><p>Our data show a continued decrease of the abundances which we first reported to have started in 2015. The 2017 data we have acquired and analyzed here are important because they are the only ones recorded since 2014 close to the south pole in the far-infrared nadir mode at high resolution. A large temperature increase in the southern polar stratosphere (by 10-50 K in the 0.5 mbar-0.05 mbar pressure range) is found and a change in the temperature profile’s shape. The 2017 observations also show a related significant decrease in most of the abundances which must have started sometime between 2014 and 2017 [3]. In our work, we show that the equatorial latitudes remain rather constant throughout the Cassini mission.</p><p>We have thus shown that the south pole of Titan is now losing its strong enhancement, while the north pole also slowly continues its decrease in gaseous opacities. It would have been interesting to see when this might happen, but the Cassini mission ended in September 2017. Perhaps future ground-based measurements and the Dragonfly mission can pursue this investigation and monitor Titan’s atmosphere to characterize the seasonal events. Our results set constraints on GCM and photochemical models.</p><p>References:</p><p> [1] Coustenis et al., 2016, Icarus 270, 409-420; [2] Coustenis et al., 2018, Astroph. J., Lett., 854, no2; [3] Coustenis et al., 2020. Titan’s neutral atmosphere seasonal variations up to the end of the Cassini mission. Icarus 344, 113413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113413.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document