Pain. Supplement 3, 1986. Classification of Chronic Pain. The Journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain. (Pp. 226; I ASP members $18.00, non-members $24.00.) Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.: Amsterdam. 1986.

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1027
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
International Association

Chronic pain associated with malignant neoplasm. Modern terms and classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
V. V. Khinovker ◽  
◽  
A. P. Spasova ◽  
V. A. Koryachkin ◽  
D. V. Zabolotskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Common Symptom

According to 2019 data, the incidence of cancer in Russia increases by 1.5% annually, 8.5 million people die from malignant neoplasms. Pain is the most common symptom when diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm. In the final stage of the disease, about 66% of patients experience pain, and in most cases the intensity of pain syndrome is regarded as moderate to severe pain. In the international classification of diseases 11 revisions (μb-11), the diagnosis of chronic pain is supposed to be reflected in a separate section. The aim of the review was to present a modern classification of chronic pain associated with malignancy. The search for publications has been carried out by two independent researchers since 01.2010. until 12.2020. in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, as well as the International Association for the Study of Pain. The International Association for the Study of Pain has established a special group, which, in close collaboration with WHO representatives, has developed a new classification of chronic pain. Chronic pain caused by malignancy: chronic visceral pain caused by malignancy; chronic bone pain caused by malignancy; chronic neuropathic pain caused by malignancy; other chronic pain caused by malignancy. Chronic pain due to treatment of malignant neoplasm: chronic pain caused by drug treatment of malignant neoplasm Chronic polyneuropathy due to chemotherapy; chronic pain caused by radiation therapy of malignant neoplasm; chronic neuropathy due to radiation therapy; Chronic pain caused by surgical treatment of malignant neoplasm. Other chronic pain caused by treatment of malignant neoplasm. Thus, the inclusion in the MKB-11 of a separate classification of chronic pain associated with malignancy will lead to the correct formulation of the diagnosis, which will contribute to individualized treatment (antitumor therapy, surgery), psychological support, the involvement of algologists (intervention methods of therapy), intensified research on the prevention and treatment of pain syndromes, as well as standardization of chronic assessment of pain.

scholarly journals Co-Players in Chronic Pain: Neuroinflammation and the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Tanaka ◽  
Nóra Török ◽  
Fanni Tóth ◽  
László Vécsei
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
Systematic Classification

Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that persists or recurs more than three months and may extend beyond the expected time of healing. Recently nociplastic pain has been introduced as a descriptor of mechanism of pain, which is due to disturbance of neural processing without actual or potential tissue damage, appearing to replace a concept of psychogenic pain. An interdisciplinary task force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) compiled a systematic classification of clinical conditions associated with chronic pain, which was published in 2018 and will officially come into effect in 2022 in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization. ICD-11 offers the option for recording the presence of psychological or social factors in chronic pain; however, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions in the pathogenesis of chronic pain are missing. Earlier pain disorder was defined as a condition with chronic pain associated with psychological factors, but it was replaced with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in 2013. Recently clinical nosology is trending toward highlighting neurological pathology of chronic pain, discounting psychological or social factors in the pathogenesis of pain. This review article discusses components of the pain pathway, the component-based mechanisms of pain, central and peripheral sensitization, roles of chronic inflammation, and the involvement of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites, exploring participations of psychosocial and behavioral factors in central sensitization of diseases progressing into development of chronic pain, comorbid diseases that commonly present a symptom of chronic pain, and psychiatric disorders that manifest chronic pain without obvious actual or potential tissue damage.

scholarly journals Co-Players in Chronic Pain: Neuroinflammation and the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Masaru Tanaka ◽  
Nóra Török ◽  
Fanni Tóth ◽  
Ágnes Szabó ◽  
László Vécsei
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Task Force ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peripheral Sensitization ◽  
Systematic Classification

Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that persists or recurs more than three months and may extend beyond the expected time of healing. Recently, nociplastic pain has been introduced as a descriptor of the mechanism of pain, which is due to the disturbance of neural processing without actual or potential tissue damage, appearing to replace a concept of psychogenic pain. An interdisciplinary task force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) compiled a systematic classification of clinical conditions associated with chronic pain, which was published in 2018 and will officially come into effect in 2022 in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization. ICD-11 offers the option for recording the presence of psychological or social factors in chronic pain; however, cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions in the pathogenesis of chronic pain are missing. Earlier pain disorder was defined as a condition with chronic pain associated with psychological factors, but it was replaced with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) in 2013. Recently clinical nosology is trending toward highlighting neurological pathology of chronic pain, discounting psychological or social factors in the pathogenesis of pain. This review article discusses components of the pain pathway, the component-based mechanisms of pain, central and peripheral sensitization, roles of chronic inflammation, and the involvement of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites, exploring the participation of psychosocial and behavioral factors in central sensitization of diseases progressing into the development of chronic pain, comorbid diseases that commonly present a symptom of chronic pain, and psychiatric disorders that manifest chronic pain without obvious actual or potential tissue damage.

scholarly journals Current terminology of chronic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Koriachkin ◽  
Arina P. Spasova ◽  
Vladimir V. Khinovker ◽  
Yaakov I. Levin ◽  
Dmitry O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Current Terminology

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is a common problem that exerts a significant impact on individuals and society as a whole. Pain syndrome is one of the most common explanations for patients need for medical care, and it causes major suffering in humans. Thus far, chronic pain lacks a generally accepted terminology and classification. The review aimed to present the current terminology and classification of chronic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two independent researchers searched for publications for the period of January 2010 to October 2020 in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the International Association for the Study of Pain. The last search query was performed on October 25, 2020. The search identified 423 studies, and 397 of them were excluded because they described the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic pain syndromes. The remaining 26 publications formed the basis of this review. RESULTS: The review presents the current terminology and classification of chronic pain, which is defined as pain that lasts for 3 months or more after the underlying pathology is cured. The work presents the description of terms such as chronic primary pain, chronic secondary pain, cancer-associated chronic pain, chronic postoperative or post-traumatic pain, chronic neuropathic pain, chronic secondary cephalgia or orofacial pain, chronic secondary visceral pain, and chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain. Additional characteristics of chronic pain, including the intensity of pain, the severity of suffering, and physical dysfunction, are also given. CONCLUSION: The presented modern terminology and classification of chronic pain will contribute not only to the correct formulation of diagnosis established in a patient with chronic pain but also to the implementation of multimodal analgesia, epidemiological studies and, ultimately, the choice of proper strategy for addressing chronic pain by healthcare organizers. The result is also expected to lead to adequate funding for resolving this intricate problem.

Study the Anatomy and Physiology of Body's Urinary System and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) for the Design an Intelligent Alarm System for Monitoring of FMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Shirzadfar ◽  
Narsis Gordoghli
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Organization

In recent years, chronic medical problems have become increasingly prevalent. Chronic ‎illnesses challenge the view of life as a regular and continuous process, a challenge that has ‎important psychological consequences. The long duration of people suffering from these ‎diseases, the long process of treatment and the fact that there is no proper and definitive ‎treatment for most of these diseases and their associated complications have made chronic ‎diseases a detrimental factor in public health. According to the World Health Organization ‎‎(2006), the prevalence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is increasing in all countries, ‎especially developing countries, so that the major challenge for the health system in the present ‎century, is not living people, but better adapted to chronic illnesses and maintaining their ‎mental and social health and well-being Ed's life-threatening chronic physical illness.‎ Chronic pain is a pain that lasts longer than usual, and according to the criteria of the ‎International Association of Pain, this time is defined as at least 3 months to 6 months. Chronic ‎pain is such that not only faced the sick person whit the pressure of the pain but also with many ‎other pressure that affect different parts of her life. Fibromyalgia is one of the most rheumatologic disorders and one of the most resistant chronic ‎pain syndromes. Fibromyalgia is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in adults ‎and chronic pain is one of the most common complaints in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome: a proposal for Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and ICD-11

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Christelis ◽  
Brian Simpson ◽  
Marc Russo ◽  
Michael Stanton-Hicks ◽  
Giancarlo Barolat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Spinal Pain ◽  
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Failed Back Surgery ◽  
Back Surgery ◽  
Spinal Pain Syndrome

Abstract Objective For many medical professionals dealing with patients with persistent pain following spine surgery, the term failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) as a diagnostic label is inadequate, misleading and potentially troublesome. It misrepresents causation. Alternative terms have been suggested but none has replaced FBSS. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) published a revised classification of chronic pain, as part of the new International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), which has been accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO). This includes the term Chronic pain after spinal surgery (CPSS), which is suggested as a replacement for FBSS. Methods This article provides arguments and rationale for a replacement definition. In order to propose a broadly applicable yet more precise and clinically informative term, an international group of experts was established. Results 14 candidate replacement terms were considered and ranked. The application of agreed criteria reduced this to a shortlist of four. A preferred option – Persistent spinal pain syndrome – was selected by a structured workshop and Delphi process. We provide rationale for using Persistent spinal pain syndrome and a schema for its incorporation into ICD-11. We propose the adoption of this term would strengthen the new ICD-11 classification. Conclusions This project is important to those in the fields of pain management, spine surgery and neuromodulation, as well as patients labelled with FBSS. Through a shift in perspective it could facilitate the application of the new ICD-11 classification and allow clearer discussion amongst medical professionals, industry, funding organisations, academia, and the legal profession.

Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Types and Their Functional Specialization

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Emery ◽  
Patrik Ernfors
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Drg Neurons ◽  
Low Threshold

Primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) respond and relay sensations that are felt, such as those for touch, pain, temperature, itch, and more. The ability to discriminate between the various types of stimuli is reflected by the existence of specialized DRG neurons tuned to respond to specific stimuli. Because of this, a comprehensive classification of DRG neurons is critical for determining exactly how somatosensation works and for providing insights into cell types involved during chronic pain. This article reviews the recent advances in unbiased classification of molecular types of DRG neurons in the perspective of known functions as well as predicted functions based on gene expression profiles. The data show that sensory neurons are organized in a basal structure of three cold-sensitive neuron types, five mechano-heat sensitive nociceptor types, four A-Low threshold mechanoreceptor types, five itch-mechano-heat–sensitive nociceptor types and a single C–low-threshold mechanoreceptor type with a strong relation between molecular neuron types and functional types. As a general feature, each neuron type displays a unique and predicable response profile; at the same time, most neuron types convey multiple modalities and intensities. Therefore, sensation is likely determined by the summation of ensembles of active primary afferent types. The new classification scheme will be instructive in determining the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying somatosensation, facilitating the development of rational strategies to identify causes for chronic pain.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Chronic Pain Management by PM&R Specialist

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maria Regina Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
International Association ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Chronic Pain Management ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

According to the definition from international association for the study of pain (IASP), pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Besides, there are many term of unpleasant sensory that complaint by patient as a pain, such as allodynia, hyperalgesia, and hyperesthesia. The pain is one of the most cases that came to seeking a doctor. The data from Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN) from 2014-2017 have revealed that pain cases were the most frequent in Rehabilitation Medicine Services, i.e. low back pain, knee pain, and shoulder pain. The prevalence of pain is increasing along with ageing, sedentary life style, obesity and chronic diseases.

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