Psychiatric, neurological and medical aspects of misidentification syndromes: a review of 260 cases

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Förstl ◽  
Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽  
Adrian M. Owen ◽  
Alistair Burns ◽  
Robert Howard
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
Paranoid Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
Misidentification Syndromes ◽  
Mistaken Identification ◽  
Reduplicative Paramnesia

SYNOPSISTwo hundred and sixty case reports of misidentification syndromes were evaluated. One hundred and seventy-four patients had a Capgras syndrome misidentifying other persons, 18 a Fregoli syndrome, 11 intermetamorphosis, 17 reduplicative paramnesia and the rest had other forms or combinations of mistaken identification. Schizophrenia (127 cases), mostly of paranoid type, affective disorder (29), and organic mental syndromes including dementia (46) were the most common diagnoses in patients who misidentified others or themselves. The patients with reduplicative paramnesia more frequently suffered from head trauma or cerebral infarction and showed more features of right hemisphere lesions on neuropsychological testing or CT scan than the patients with other misidentification syndromes. Forty-one case-reports implicated underlying medical conditions. Forty-six of the patients were reported to show violent behavioaur.The misidentification of persons can be a manifestation of any organic or functional psychosis, but the misidentification of place is frequently associated with neurological diseases, predominantly of the right hemisphere. Misidentification syndromes show a great degree of overlap and do not represent distinctive syndromes nor can they be regarded as an expression of a particular disorder. These patients deserve special diagnostic and therapeutic attention because of the possible underlying disorders and their potentially dangerous behavioura.

DELUSIONAL MISIDENTIFICATION SYNDROME: DISSOCIATION BETWEEN RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION PROCESSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-467
Author(s):  
Kamil Leis ◽  
Ewelina Mazur ◽  
Mariusz Racinowski ◽  
Tomasz Jamrożek ◽  
Jakub Gołębiewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Neuronal Connections ◽  
Online Management ◽  
The Right ◽  
Misidentification Syndromes ◽  
Patient’S Will ◽  
Identification Processes

Delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS) is an umbrella term for syndromes of intermetamorphosis, Fregoli, and Capgras. DMS) is thought to be related to dissociation between recognition and identification processes. DMS was described for the first time in 1932 as a variant of the Capgras syndrome and is currently on the DSM-V list of diseases as an independent disease entity. Patients affected by DMS believed that people around them, most often family, have changed physically (appearance) and mentally (character). Other symptoms include confabulation, derealization or depersonalization. In patients, aggressive behavior is often observed, aimed at alleged doppelgangers resulting from the sense of being cheated and manipulated. With the intermetamorphosis syndrome, for example, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder or other misidentification syndromes (Fregoli's, Capgras) may coexist. There is also a reverse intermetamorphosis, where the object of the changed appearance or character becomes the patient himself. One of its forms may be lycanthropy. The etiology of the intermetamorphosis has not been fully understood, one of the reasons may be brain damage and changes in the parietal and/or temporal lobes of the right hemisphere. It may then damage long neuronal connections to the frontal areas of the brain, disturbances of working memory (WM) accountable for the keep and online management of data, so that it is available for further processing, and the patient's will be uncritical. The basic method of diagnosis of this delusion is a medical interview with the patient. Other diagnostic methods include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, EEG and ERPs. Experimental methods include searching for the neuromarker of DMS. Currently, there are no treatment guidelines of this delusional disorder, and pharmacotherapy experimental, but the drugs from the group of neuroleptics and lithium seem effective. Some hope for the treatment is created by neurotherapy, but it is also experimental.

Review of Othello Syndrome and its Relationship with Neurological Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S225-S225 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Michielsen ◽  
L. De Jonge ◽  
S. Petrykiv ◽  
M. Arts
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Lewy Body Disease ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Right

IntroductionOthello syndrome is a psychotic disorder characterized by delusion of infidelity or jealousy. It predominantly occurs in the context of specific psychiatric or neurological disorders. Othello syndrome is associated with mental changes including excessive aggression, hostility, and irritability. Patients with Othello syndrome misinterpret the behaviour of the spouse or sexual partner to provide evidence for their false perception.Objectives and aimsThe purpose of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of Othello syndrome as a result of specific neurological diseases.MethodsThe study design was a retrospective case series of patients with Othello syndrome. We searched the electronic databases PubMed and Embase for review articles and original research using the search terms ‘Othello syndrome, Morbid Jealousy, Pathological Jealousy, Delusional Jealousy, Delusions and Infidelity, Delusions of Jealousy or Infidelity’.ResultsIn the present study of 95 case reports, the relationship between Othello syndrome and a neurological pathology was described. This syndrome was most commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases (59%), followed by medication induced Othello syndrome (13.7%) and vascular dementia (8.4%). Lesions particularly in the right (dorsolateral) frontal lobes were associated with this syndrome.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that Othello syndrome occurs most frequently in patients with right frontal lobe dysfunction. It is predominantly related with Lewy Body Disease and Alzheimer's disease. Clinicians should keep an “index of suspicion” regarding dementia when Othello syndrome presents in elderly persons.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Missing the Point: The Role of the Right Hemisphere in the Processing of Complex Linguistic Materials11This chapter reports research conducted over the past several years at the Aphasia Research Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, and the Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center. The research was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases, Communication Disorders, and Stroke (NS 11408), the Veterans Administration, and Harvard Project Zero. Earlier versions of this chapter were presented at the International Neuropsychology Symposium, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, June 1979; the Academy of Aphasia, San Diego, October 1979; and the Conference on Cognitive Processes and the Right Hemisphere, New York University, October 1980. In addition, much of the research reported here was described in more preliminary form in Wapner, Hamby, and Gardner, “The Role of the Right Hemisphere in the Processing of Complex Linguistic Materials,” Brain and Language, 1981, 14,15–33. We thank the editor of that journal, Prof. Harry Whitaker, and Academic Press for permission to adapt portions of that article.

1983 ◽  
pp. 169-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD GARDNER ◽  
HIRAM H. BROWNELL ◽  
WENDY WAPNER ◽  
DIANE MICHELOW
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Boston University ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals The Comorbidity of Reduplicative Paramnesia, Intermetamorphosis, Reverse-Intermetamorphosis, Misidentification of Reflection, and Capgras Syndrome in an Adolescent Patient

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozden Arısoy ◽  
A. Evren Tufan ◽  
Rabia Bilici ◽  
Sarper Taskiran ◽  
Zehra Topal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Adolescent Patient ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Capgras Syndrome ◽  
Misidentification Syndromes ◽  
Patient Change ◽  
Reduplicative Paramnesia

Delusional misidentification syndromes may be superimposed on neurological or psychiatric disorders and include delusional beliefs that the people, objects, or places around the patient change or are made to change with one another. In this paper, an adolescent patient displaying Capgras syndrome, metamorphosis, reverse-intermetamorphosis, misidentification of reflection, and reduplicative paramnesia was presented. The findings that our patient struggled with visuospatial tests applied in the acute phase as well as the observation that she refused to meet her family face-to-face while accepting to speak on the phone may support the role of right hemisphere and visuospatial functions in the development of those syndromes. Further studies or case series evaluated more extensively are needed to reveal the relationship between right hemisphere functions and delusional misidentification syndromes.

scholarly journals Lithium Intoxication Presenting as a Mixed Misidentification Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Lithium Intoxication ◽  
Capgras Syndrome ◽  
The Right ◽  
Misidentification Syndromes

A case is reported of lithium intoxication presenting with a mixed misidentification syndrome including features of Capgras syndrome. CT scanning showed cerebral atrophy, greater on the right, consistent with earlier evidence, suggesting that misidentification syndromes are more common with right hemisphere lesions.

Early changes on electroencephalography in natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Kleiter ◽  
Michael Schröder ◽  
Ralf Lürding ◽  
Gerhard Schuierer ◽  
David B Clifford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Virus Testing

Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy has become a growing concern in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Here, we describe a 35-year-old patient who was treated with 34 infusions of natalizumab before complaining about visual deterioration. MRI was non-diagnostic and JC virus testing initially was negative. Electroencephalography showed severe slowing of the right hemisphere, and neuropsychological testing revealed right frontal and temporal deficits. The diagnosis of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy was established 2 months later by typical MRI presentation and detection of JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. Functional neurological deficits may precede imaging features and should prompt early consideration of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy.

Delusional Misidentification, AIDS and the Right Hemisphere

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Crichton ◽  
Shôn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Acute Confusional State ◽  
Confusional State ◽  
Visuospatial Deficits ◽  
Capgras Syndrome ◽  
Serial Ct ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parietal Lesion

A patient with AIDS developed the Capgras' syndrome as part of an acute confusional state resulting from an opportunistic infection. Neuropsychological testing suggested non-dominant hemisphere dysfunction with impaired facial recognition. Serial CT scanning showed a right parietal lesion which resolved after the psychosis improved. These findings provide further evidence for the hypothesis that selective visuospatial deficits underlie the development of Capgras' syndrome.

scholarly journals Palinopsia: A Review of the Literature

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Stagno ◽  
Todd J. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cerebral Infarct ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Central Nervous System Pathology ◽  
The Right

The literature on palinopsia (visual perseveration) is reviewed, utilizing case reports of 46 patients who demonstrated this symptom. The most common etiologies for this symptom are space-occupying lesions, cerebral infarct, and seizure activity. The vast majority are due to central nervous system pathology occurring in the posterior (occipital or parieto-occipital) region, often in the right hemisphere. Proposed mechanisms for palinopsia are also discussed.

The Contributes of Cerebellum in Higher Cognitive and Social Behaviour in Childhood

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
F. Dobi ◽  
E. Kabili ◽  
D. Elezi ◽  
E. Sotiri ◽  
G. Xhepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
List Type ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Sequential Memory ◽  
Design Fluency ◽  
The Right

Many studies have confirmed the role of the cerebellum in the organization of superior brain functions in adults. Congenital cerebellar alterations are frequently observed in children with neurological diseases. These anatomical alterations are associated with neuropsychological or developmental disorders that often give rise to pictures of mental insufficiency of varying severity with behavioural changes even leading to autism.Aim:To evaluate of cerebellum role in cognitive and social organization also during development.We report 25 children with different kinds of acquired cerebellar lesions (12 with hemispheric astrocytoma, 12 with vermis medulloblastoma, and 1 with hemispheric stroke) who showed different clinical patterns according to the lesion localization. All subject were studied by neurological examination and MRI. Neuropsychological assessment included:•observation of spontaneous behaviour;•Recording of spontaneous language;•Intelligence evaluation (WISC-test);•Language evaluation;•Memory evaluation;•Assessment of frontal lobe functions (categorical memory, sequential memory, language fluency, design fluency, flexibility of reasoning and problem solving).Lesion in the vermis, mainly in the lower lobuli, caused different degrees of behavioural disturbances ranging from irritability to psychosis; lesions in the right hemisphere impaired language processing and symbolic sequencing, categorical memory and executive functions; lesions in the left hemisphere impaired speech prosody, visual sequential memory and design fluency.These data confirm that the connections from the cerebellum to the associative cortical areas are operative very early and that the cerebellum has an essential role in cognitive and social organization also during development.

Investigation of the Effect of Mode and Tempo on Emotional Responses to Music Using EEG Power Asymmetry

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Trochidis ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Musical Excerpt ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Musical Modes ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Right

The combined interactions of mode and tempo on emotional responses to music were investigated using both self-reports and electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. A musical excerpt was performed in three different modes and tempi. Participants rated the emotional content of the resulting nine stimuli and their EEG activity was recorded. Musical modes influence the valence of emotion with major mode being evaluated happier and more serene, than minor and locrian modes. In EEG frontal activity, major mode was associated with an increased alpha activation in the left hemisphere compared to minor and locrian modes, which, in turn, induced increased activation in the right hemisphere. The tempo modulates the arousal value of emotion with faster tempi associated with stronger feeling of happiness and anger and this effect is associated in EEG with an increase of frontal activation in the left hemisphere. By contrast, slow tempo induced decreased frontal activation in the left hemisphere. Some interactive effects were found between mode and tempo: An increase of tempo modulated the emotion differently depending on the mode of the piece.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document