scholarly journals Racism, psychosis and common mental disorder among ethnic minority groups in England

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1795-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAFFRON KARLSEN ◽  
JAMES Y. NAZROO ◽  
KWAME McKENZIE ◽  
KAMALDEEP BHUI ◽  
SCOTT WEICH
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between risk of psychosis, common mental disorder (CMD) and indicators of racism among ethnic minority groups in England and how this relationship may vary by particular ethnic groups.Method. A multivariate analysis was carried out of quantitative, cross-sectional data from a nationally representative community sample of people aged between 16 and 74 years from the largest ethnic minority groups in England: those of Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Irish origin.Results. Experience of interpersonal racism and perceiving racism in the wider society each have independent effects on the risk of CMD and psychosis, after controlling for the effects of gender, age and socio-economic status. There was some variation in the findings when they were conducted for separate ethnic and gender groups.Conclusions. An understanding of the relationship between racism and mental health may go some way towards explaining the ethnic variations found in both CMD and, particularly, psychosis.

scholarly journals Perceived social support and diet quality among ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yuan Ruan ◽  
Wenmin Hu ◽  
Juanjuan Li ◽  
Jiang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Intake

Abstract Background Social support is an important health determinant and may affect dietary behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between perceived social support and the Chinese Diet Balance Index-16 (DBI-16) among ethnic minority groups in Southwest China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2019 and August 2020 among six ethnic minority groups native to Yunnan Province (n = 3564). Perceived social support from family, friends and significant others were measured with the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Dietary data were obtained using a 100-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a lifestyle questionnaire. Lower Bound Score (LBS), Higher Bound Score (HBS) and Diet Quality Distance (DQD) which represent inadequate, excessive and unbalanced food intake respectively were calculated to measure the compliance with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese 2016. Results One thousand four hundred ninety-six men and two thousand sixty-eight women were included. 51.2% of the subjects had moderate or high levels of inadequate intake; 21.3% had moderate or high levels of excessive intake; and 74.0% had moderate or high levels of unbalanced dietary intake. With potential confounders adjusted, support from family was negatively associated with inadequate intake, while support from friends was positively associated with inadequate and excessive intake. No significant associations were found between perceived social support from significant others and diet quality indicators. Conclusions An unbalanced diet is common among adults of the ethnic minority groups in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Social support should be taken into account in designing nutrition interventions rather than focusing solely on individuals.

Ethnic Disparities in Dental Caries among Adolescents in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 002203452097654
Author(s):  
S.C. Wu ◽  
X.X. Ma ◽  
Z.Y. Zhang ◽  
E.C.M. Lo ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Sugary Beverages

Comprehensive research on ethnic disparities in dental caries in China is limited. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to compare the levels of dental caries in adolescents between the Han ethnic group and ethnic minority groups in China and to explore the risk indicators for dental caries within ethnic subgroups. Data from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey in 2015, which covered all 31 province-level administrative divisions in mainland China, were used. The dental caries status in the permanent dentition of adolescents aged 12, 13, 14, and 15 y was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DFMT) score, and sociodemographic characteristics and oral health–related behaviors were also collected. A total of 118,601 adolescents were included, with ethnic minority groups accounting for 13.15%. Of the Han and minority groups, the standardized prevalence of dental caries experience was 40.58% and 47.67%, and the mean DMFT scores were 0.97 and 1.28, respectively. According to the multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the caries status of minorities was more severe than Han adolescents (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [PRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.18). This disparity was greater among adolescents who lived in rural areas, had mid-level economic status, and frequently consumed sugary beverages. After propensity score matchings, Uygur (PRR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25–1.67), Tibetan (PRR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.3–1.48), and Yi (PRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04–1.48) adolescents were significantly more likely to have caries than Han adolescents. Subgroup analyses revealed that gender, age, location of residence, economic status, region, consumption of sweet snacks and sugary beverages, and dental visit pattern were significantly associated with dental caries within ethnic minorities.

Why ethnic minority groups’ online-startups are booming in China’s tight cultural ecosystem?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Li ◽  
Kyeong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Although most Chinese ethnic minority groups (EMGs) hold conservative thinking to online-startups, the new entrepreneurial model is booming on live streaming platforms. In China’s tight cultural ecosystem, the tight cultural control would lead EMG entrepreneurs to keep conservative thinking and avoid challenging careers. Still, it would be helpful for Chinese Governments to issue systematical entrepreneurial policies and improve online-startup environment for EMGs. To discover the relationships among influencing factors and EMGs’ online-startup motivation, this paper aims to draw on the tight and loose cultural theory and the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour (COM-B) behaviour changing theory and establishes the research model based on China’s tight cultural ecosystem. Design/methodology/approach Through analysing 617 questionnaires from 37 EMGs based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling method, the study proves that environmental opportunity factors and personal capability factors have positive impacts on EMGs’ online-startup motivation and EMGs’ conservative thinking negatively moderates the relationship between their online-startup motivation and entrepreneurial development behaviour. In addition to testing the hypotheses, the paper also measures the importance-performance map analysis to explore additional findings of influencing factors and provide suitable suggestions for EMG entrepreneurs and related departments. Findings Regarding the environmental opportunity unit, both policy support and platform support significantly impact Chinese EMGs’ motivation to promote online-startups. For the personal capability unit, a platform using skills positively influences Chinese EMGs to develop online-startups. Meanwhile, EMG cultural knowledge is also necessary for EMG entrepreneurs because abundant cultural resources can be applied to live content and attract online consumers’ watching interests. Furthermore, influenced by the tight cultural control, Chinese EMGs tend to hold conservative thinking to new careers and it negatively moderates the relationship between Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation and their final entrepreneurial behaviours. Finally, Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation positively affects them to develop online-startups on live streaming platforms. Originality/value This study uses the tight and loose cultural theory to analyse the Chinese entrepreneurial environment and discover influencing factors based on the tight cultural ecosystem. Meanwhile, based on the COM-B behaviour changing theory, this paper divides influencing factors into three different units, including the environmental opportunity unit, the personal capability unit and the Tight cultural control unit. Considering the inter-relationships among these units, the research model is established based on the tight cultural ecosystem to discover Chinese EMGs’ online-startup motivation.

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among ethnic minority groups in England: results of a national household survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. CRAWFORD ◽  
U. NUR ◽  
K. McKENZIE ◽  
P. TYRER
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Socio-cultural factors impact on the extent of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide but the relative importance of these factors among people from different ethnic groups in Britain has not been explored. We examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation, the incidence of attempted suicide, and the extent of service utilization following attempted suicide among representative samples of White, Irish, Black Caribbean, Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani individuals living in England.Method. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the EMPIRIC study, a cross-sectional survey of 4281 adults aged 16–74 years, living in private households in England.Results. Lifetime suicidal ideation was generally lower in ethnic minority groups but higher among those born in the UK than those who migrated to England as adults. Risk factors for suicidal ideation have much in common across different ethnic groups; current symptoms of mental distress being the most important. White British and Irish respondents were twice as likely to receive medical attention following attempted suicide than those from other ethnic groups.Conclusions. Services need to adapt in order to ensure that people from ethnic minorities receive appropriate psychological and medical care following attempted suicide.

Persistence or Change? Conflicting Interpretations of Peripheral Minorities

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sibley
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The Relationship

In studies of the relationship between peripheral ethnic minority groups and the larger society in industrialised societies, it is commonly assumed that the minority is in the process of assimilation or is becoming economically dependent, A number of theoretical arguments on the nature of change are reviewed. The case of Gypsy communities in Europe and North America is used to demonstrate the inappropriateness of theories that predict a transformation of the minority group's culture—a picture of continuity and persistence appears more reasonable in the light of historical and fieldwork evidence.

scholarly journals Specialist palliative care services response to ethnic minority groups with COVID-19: equal but inequitable—an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-003083
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bajwah ◽  
Jonathan Koffman ◽  
Jamilla Hussain ◽  
Andy Bradshaw ◽  
Mevhibe B Hocaoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Palliative Care Services

ObjectivesTo develop insights into response of palliative care services caring for people from ethnic minority groups during COVID-19.MethodsCross-sectional online survey of UK palliative care services response to COVID-19. Quantitative data were summarised descriptively and χ2 tests used to explore relationships between categorical variables. Free text comments were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results277 UK services responded. 168 included hospice teams (76% of all UK hospice teams). Services supporting those from ethnic minority groups were more likely to include hospital (p<0.001) and less likely to include hospice (p<0.001) or home care teams (p=0.008). 34% (93/277) of services had cared for patients with COVID-19 or families from ethnic minority groups. 66% (61/93) of these services stated no difference in how they supported or reached these groups during the pandemic.Three themes demonstrated impact of policy introduced during the pandemic, including: disproportionate adverse impact of restricted visiting, compounded communication challenges and unmet religious and faith needs. One theme demonstrated mistrust of services by ethnic minority groups, and the final theme demonstrated a focus on equal and individualised care.ConclusionsPolicies introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic may have adversely impacted those from ethnic minority groups making these at-risk populations even more vulnerable. The palliative care response may have been equal but inequitable. During the para-COVID-19 period, systemic steps, including equality impact assessments, are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Graduation and Academic Placement of Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Minority Doctoral Recipients in Public Health Disciplines, United States, 2003-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna R. Jackson ◽  
Ann M. Holmes ◽  
Elizabeth Golembiewski ◽  
Brittany L. Brown-Podgorski ◽  
Nir Menachemi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Doctoral Graduates ◽  
Doctoral Recipients ◽  
Public Health Training ◽  
Black Graduates ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objectives: Given public health’s emphasis on health disparities in underrepresented racial/ethnic minority communities, having a racially and ethnically diverse faculty is important to ensure adequate public health training. We examined trends in the number of underrepresented racial/ethnic minority (ie, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander) doctoral graduates from public health fields and determined the proportion of persons from underrepresented racial/ethnic minority groups who entered academia. Methods: We analyzed repeated cross-sectional data from restricted files collected by the National Science Foundation on doctoral graduates from US institutions during 2003-2015. Our dependent variables were the number of all underrepresented racial/ethnic minority public health doctoral recipients and underrepresented racial/ethnic minority graduates who had accepted academic positions. Using logistic regression models and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), we examined correlates of these variables over time, controlling for all independent variables (eg, gender, age, relationship status, number of dependents). Results: The percentage of underrepresented racial/ethnic minority doctoral graduates increased from 15.4% (91 of 592) in 2003 to 23.4% (296 of 1264) in 2015, with the largest increase occurring among black graduates (from 6.6% in 2003 to 14.1% in 2015). Black graduates (310 of 1241, 25.0%) were significantly less likely than white graduates (2258 of 5913, 38.2%) and, frequently, less likely than graduates from other underrepresented racial/ethnic minority groups to indicate having accepted an academic position (all P < .001). Conclusions: Stakeholders should consider targeted programs to increase the number of racial/ethnic minority faculty members in academic public health fields.

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